Leptohyphes Eaton, 1882

Baumgardner, D. E. & Mccafferty, W. P., 2010, Revision of the genus Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) in North and Central America, Zootaxa 2360 (1), pp. 1-33 : 32

Key to Leptohyphes Eaton larvae of North and Central America

1a. Dorsal surface of legs densely covered with numerous small, pale depressions (Figs. 18–19, 44–45); submarginal denticles absent (Figs. 20, 46) ..................................................................................................................................... 2

1b. Dorsal surface of legs without numerous small, pale depressions ( Figs. 22–23 , 29–30 , 52–53 ); submarginal denticles present ( Figs. 24 , 31 , 36, 54) ...................................................................................................................................... 3

2a. Anterior margin of middle and hind femora with distinct apical concavity ( Fig. 43 ); middle and hind tibiae without elongate inner marginal spines ( Fig. 45 ) ........................................................................................................ murdochi

2b. Middle and hind femora without distinct apical concavity (Fig. 19); middle and hind tibiae with elongate inner marginal spines (Fig. 19) ............................................................................................................................................ alleni

3a. Head, thorax, and legs covered with long hairlike setae (see figs. 37 and 38, Allen 1978) .............................. pilosus

3b. Head, thorax, and legs without long hairlike setae ..................................................................................................... 4

4a. Sublateral margins of abdominal tergites seven and eight with stout setae ( Figs. 32 , 55) .......................................... 5

4b. Sublateral margins of abdominal tergites without stout setae ( Fig. 25 ) .......................................................... apache

5. Body and appendages entirely pale to dark red; abdominal tergites with either no black maculation or limited black maculation confined to lateral margins ........................................................................................................ ferruginus

5b. Body and appendages yellow, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or gray; abdominal terga with or without sublateral black maculation .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

6a. Vertex of head extensively covered with black maculation/complex markings ( Fig. 21 ); species dark reddish brown with extensive black maculation ......................................................................................................................... zalope

6b. Vertex of head without extensive black maculation or complex markings; thin black lines may be present on vertex of head between compound eyes ( Figs. 27–2 8 , 33); species pale yellow to dark brown .......................................... 7

7a. Operculate gill with basal half black, distal half gray ( Fig. 16 ); two highly fused inner and two highly fused outer marginal denticles of both mandibles ( Figs. 37–38 ) .................................................................................. mandibulus

7b. Operculate gill largely yellowish to yellowish-brown to brown; mandibles without highly fused denticles; inner denticles with two to four teeth ( Figs. 10–11 ) .................................................................................................................. 8

8a. Body yellow with black maculation on thorax ( Fig. 48 ) and abdomen; middle and hind femora with apical black macula ( Fig. 50 ) ................................................................................................................................................ musseri

8b. Body light to dark brown, with very limited black maculation on thorax and abdomen; middle and hind femora without apical black macula ( Fig. 53 )................................................................................................................................. 9

9a. Thick black line present between compound eyes (Fig. 33); with or without thin black line located at extreme posterior margin of head capsule (Fig. 33); vertex of head without extensive black maculation (Fig. 33) ................. lestes

9b- Thick black line absent between compound eyes ( Fig. 21 ); thin black line absent from extreme posterior margin of head capsule ( Fig. 21 ); vertex of head often with extensive black maculation ( Fig. 21 ) .................................. sabinas

Figures

FIGURE 32. Leptohyphes ferruginus, larva, abdominal tergites 6–10 (dorsal) [scale bar A].

FIGURES 21–25. Leptohyphes apache, larval structures. 21, head and prothorax, [scale bar B]. 22, foreleg [D]. 23, hindleg [E]. 24, hind claw (ventro-lateral) [C]. 25, abdominal tergites 7-10 [A]. Scale bars (mm): A, B = 0.05; C = 0.1; D = 0.5; E = 0.4.

FIGURES 26–31. Characteristics of adults and larvae of Leptohyphes ferruginus. 26, forewing, female adult [A]. 27, head and prothorax (dorsal) [scale bar C]. 28, head (dorsal) [B]. 29, foreleg [E]. 30, hindleg [D]. 31, hind claw (ventrolateral) [F]. Scale bars (mm): A = 1.5; B = 0.025; C, F = 0.05; D, E = 0.5.

FIGURES 52–54. Characteristics of larval structures of Leptohyphes sabinas. 52, foreleg (dorsal) [scale bar D]. 53, hindleg (dorsal) [E]. 54, hindclaw (ventrolateral) [E].

FIGURES 37–43. Characteristics of larval structures of Leptohyphes mandibulus. 37, left mandible (dorsal) [scale bar C]. 38, right mandible (dorsal) [C]. 39, foreleg (dorsal) [A]. 40, hindleg (dorsal) [B]. 41, mesoclaw (ventrolateral) [D]. 42, right mandible, pre-emergent larva (dorsal) [C]. 43, left mandible, per-emergent larva (dorsal) [C]. Scale bars (mm): A = 0.40; B = 0.50; C, D = 0.20.

FIGURES 44–51. Characteristics of larval structures of Leptohyphes murdochi. 44, foreleg (dorsal) [scale bar C]. 45, hindleg (dorsal) [E]. 46, hind claw (ventrolaeral) [B]. FIGURES 47–51. Characteristics of larval structures of Leptohyphes musseri. 47, head (anterior) [A]. 48, pro- and mesothorax (dorsal) [A]. 49, foreleg (dorsal) [C]. 50, hindleg [D]. 51, hindclaw (ventrolateral) [F]. Scale bars (mm): A = 0.05; B, F = 0.10; C = 0.40; D, E = 0.50.

FIGURES 13–17. Characteristics of Leptohyphes spp. larval legs and abdominal structures. 13, hindleg (dorsal) [scale bar E]. 14, posterior margin abdominal terga 6 (dorsal) [A]. 15, abdominal tergites 7-9 (ventral) [E]. 16, gill 2 (dorsal) [B]. 17, gill 2 (ventral) [D].

FIGURES 7–12. Characterisitcs of larval mouthparts of Leptohyphes (7–11, 6 ventral; 12 dorsal). 7, labrum [scale bar B]. 8, labium [B]. 9, hypopharynx [D]. 10, left mandible [C]. 11, right mandible [D]. 12, maxilla [A]. Scale bars (mm): A = 0.5; B = 0.15; C, D = 0.10. bim = base of inner margin; bs = basal setae; dm = distal margin; gls = galea/lacinia suture; ii = inner incisors; mp = maxillary palp; mr = molar region; oi = outer incisors; pr = prostheca.