Peinaleopolynoe elvisi Hatch & Rouse, 2020

Hatch, Avery S., Liew, Haebin, Hourdez, Stephane & Rouse, Greg W., 2020, Hungry scale worms Phylogenetics of Peinaleopolynoe (Polynoidae, Annelida), with four new species, ZooKeys 932, pp. 27-74 : 27

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.48532
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7C93908F-F97E-4ABB-BD7E-CD68C38790E9
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F4C61A7-630F-4512-8DE8-AE62A2D374A5
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F4C61A7-630F-4512-8DE8-AE62A2D374A5
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Peinaleopolynoe elvisi Hatch & Rouse
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Peinaleopolynoe elvisi Hatch & Rouse View in CoL sp. nov. Figures 6F-G View Figure 6 , 7B View Figure 7 , 10B View Figure 10 , 12 View Figure 12 , 13 View Figure 13

Type locality.

Whalefall in Monterey Canyon, California (36°46.33'N, 122°4.99'W), ROV "Doc Ricketts" Dive 99, 1820 m depth, 20 November 2009.

Material examined.

Type specimen: Holotype (SIO-BIC A8488) from a whalefall in Monterey Canyon, California (36°46.33'N, 122°4.99'W), ROV "Doc Ricketts" Dive 99, 1820 m depth, 20 November 2009; fixed in formalin and preserved in 50% ethanol, with elytra fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol. Paratypes: One specimen (SIO-BIC A9699) from bones deployed at Jaco Scar, Costa Rica (9°6.88'N, 84°50.14'W), HOV “Alvin” Dive AD4972, 1845 m depth, 18 October 2018; fixed in formalin and preserved in 50% ethanol, with elytra fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol. One specimen (MZUCR 1000-01) from bones deployed at Jaco Scar (9°6.91'N, 84°50.39'W), HOV “Alvin” Dive AD4976, 1887 m depth, 22 October 2018; fixed in formalin and preserved in 50% ethanol, with elytra fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol. Two specimens (SIO-BIC A9871, SIO-BIC A9870) from bones deployed at Seamount 1, Costa Rica (8°52.60'N, 85°7.34'W), HOV “Alvin” Dive AD4983, 2091 m depth, 29 October 2018; one fixed in formalin and preserved in 50% ethanol, with elytra fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol, and one fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol.

Description.

In life, large, overlapping, semi-transparent, iridescent pink elytra covering the dorsum. Dorsum with ciliated transverse bands extending onto bases of elytrophores and dorsal tubercles. Chaetae extending beyond the width of elytra (Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ). Twenty-one segments total (Fig. 12A, B View Figure 12 ). Elytra and elytrophores large, bulbous, nine pairs, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 (Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ). Elytra rounded to oval-shaped and slightly sub-reniform, very thin. Smooth edges along the circumference of elytra, except for a single rounded broad macrotubercle on posterior margin of elytra on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. Elytra on segments 2, 15, 17 ca. half the size of mid-body elytra. Elytra on segment 17 curving to a lateral point in live specimen (Figs 7B View Figure 7 , 12D View Figure 12 ). Pharynx with a total of six dorsal and six ventral border papillae (Fig. 12C View Figure 12 ). Bilobed prostomium with triangular anterior lobes bearing short, thin, very delicate lateral antennae (= minute frontal filaments, sensu Pettibone 1993). Smooth median antenna with bulbous ceratophore in anterior notch. Eyes lacking. Pair of thick, smooth, tapering palps, ca. three times the length of prostomium (Fig. 12E View Figure 12 ). Segment 1 with dorsal and ventral pairs of smooth, tapering anterior cirri (= tentacular cirri, sensu Pettibone 1993), ca. the same length as palps. Ventral anterior cirri slightly shorter than dorsal anterior cirri. Cirrophores of anterior cirri long and cylindrical, each with small acicular lobe on inner side (Fig. 12E, F View Figure 12 ). Smooth ventral cirri on segments 2-21. Buccal cirri of segment 2 modified, with bulbous ceratophores (Fig. 12F View Figure 12 ) and longer styles. Buccal cirri attached to base of neuropodia. Ventral cirri on segments 3-21 attached to middle of neuropodia, with bulbous ceratophores and short, tapering styles (Fig. 12B View Figure 12 ). Dorsal cirri present on non-elytrigerous segments 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21 (Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ). Cirrophores of dorsal cirri cylindrical, rather long, fused to posterior sides of notopodia. Styles of dorsal cirri filiform, long, extending beyond length of chaetae. Segment 19 modified, lacking dorsal cirri and elytrophores (Fig. 12I View Figure 12 ). Arborescent branchiae compact, with numerous short, bulbous terminal filaments, beginning on segment 3 (Fig. 12E View Figure 12 ) and continuing to segment 16 (Fig. 12I View Figure 12 ). Branchiae forming single large groups on elytrigerous segments, attached to bases of notopodia. Branchiae forming two groups on cirrigerous segments; small groups attached to dorsal tubercles and large groups attached near bases of notopodia (Fig. 12G View Figure 12 ). Branchiae on segment 3 not fully developed, but formation of two distinct bundles of branchiae still apparent on the left side (Fig. 12E View Figure 12 ). Four pairs of ventral segmental papillae on segments 12-15 (Fig. 12B View Figure 12 ). Ventral papillae rather long, slender, curved laterally and followed by two pairs of ventral lamellae (Fig. 12H View Figure 12 ). Rounded ventral lamellae have similar orientation as papillae but flattened and not protruding as much toward posterior end. Pygidium with a pair of anal cirri extending to approximately the outline of the body (Fig. 12J View Figure 12 ). Parapodia biramous. Neuropodia ca. twice the length of notopodia, with an acicular process. On cirrigerous segments, notopodia with dorsal tubercles possessing small bundles of branchiae (Fig. 13A, B View Figure 13 ). Notopodia extending distally into acicular processes. Notochaetae forming radiating bundles, stout, with double rows of spines (Fig. 13C View Figure 13 ). Notochaetae almost as long as neurochaetae (Fig. 13A, B View Figure 13 ). Neurochaetae slender, forming fan-shaped bundles (Fig. 13A, B View Figure 13 ). Superior neurochaetae (supra-acicular) with double rows of spines (Fig. 13D View Figure 13 ). Inferior neurochaetae (sub-acicular) with double rows of teeth from the mid swelling to the hooked tips; smooth beneath the mid swelling (Fig. 13E View Figure 13 ). Inferior neurochaetae teeth are less prominent than the superior neurochaetae spines. Hooked jaws with small teeth on inner borders (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ).

Morphological variation.

The holotype is 26 mm long, 15 mm wide, including chaetae. Paratypes range from 10-17 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, including chaetae.

Remarks.

Peinaleopolynoe elvisi sp. nov. is unique from the remaining Peinaleopolynoe taxa in having six pairs of border papillae on the pharynx (Table 5 View Table 5 ). Additionally, P. elvisi sp. nov. differs from its closest relatives P. santacatalina and P. sillardi in having branchiae start on segment 3, as opposed to on segment 2. Finally, the posterior margin of the elytra displays a single macrotubercle compared to the few found in the other species.

Etymology.

Peinaleopolynoe elvisi sp. nov. is named after the legendary King of Rock and Roll, Elvis Presley; the iridescent golden/pink elytra are reminiscent of the sparkly, sequined costumes he favored in his late career.

Ecology.

All specimens of P. elvisi sp. nov. were found associated with vertebrate bones or wood (Table 5 View Table 5 ). Fig. 6F View Figure 6 shows the holotype observed in situ on sediment next to a whalefall just before collection. Fig. 6G View Figure 6 shows paratype SIO-BIC A9699 observed in situ on a deployed pig bone before collection.