Crenicichla iguapina, Kullander & Santos de Lucena, 2006

Kullander, Sven O. & Santos de Lucena, Carlos A., 2006, A review of the species of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Atlantic coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul States, with descriptions of three new species, Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (2), pp. 127-146 : 135-137

Crenicichla iguapina , new species

Fig. 5

Holotype. MZUSP 49062 . Young male, 126.2 mm. Brazil, State of São Paulo, rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage, Iporanga , rio Betari , Oct 1961, H. Britski and N. A. Menezes.

Paratypes. 12 specimens, 63.5–176.3 mm, all from State of São Paulo, rio Ribeira drainage. MCP 18241 (2, 110.2– 137.2 mm), rio Ribeira , mun. Ribeira , 10 Nov 1991, C. R. Bizerril; MNRJ 6318 (2, 127.6– 159.8 mm), rio Tijuco , 200 meters from confluence with rio Ribeira , mun. Ribeira, 28 Jan 1953, E. Travassos & H. Travassos; MZUSP 2530 (2, 141.6– 164.4 mm), ribeirão Poço Grande, tributary of the rio Juquiá , mun. Juquiá, 1898; MZUSP 35308 (1, 88.8 mm), ribeirão Grande, bairro Jaraçatiá, mun. Miracatu, 29 Jul 1985, O. Oyakawa. MZUSP 36540 (1, 89.4 mm), stream tributary of the ribeirão Fundo, between km 15 and 16 of the road Juquiá-Sete Barras, mun. Juquiá, 12 Oct 1985, O. T. Oyakawa; MZUSP 37908 (1, 158.5 mm), rio Ribeira de Iguape , mun. Registro, 12 Sept 1978, V. Lobão; MZUSP 40213 (1, 176.3 mm), rio Pariquera-Mirim , sitio Margom, mun. Registro, 16 Aug 1985; MZUSP 41204 (1, 63.5 mm), ribeirão Poço Grande, fazenda Poço Grande, mun. Juquiá, 5 Sep 1969, H. Britski and J.C. Garavello; MZUSP 41208 (1, 105.1 mm), rio Ribeira de Iguape , mun. Registro, 17 Feb 1956, Miguel Cuocolo .

Diagnosis. An elongate, medium sized species of the C. lacustris group distinguished from other species of Crenicichla along the southeastern Brazilian coast by possession of a continuous dark band along middle of side from which five paler dark bars extend to dorsal fin base, and another one or two bars to dorsal margin of caudal peduncle. Light areas present between those bars. Distinguished from C. lacustris and C. tingui , with similar color pattern, by absence of dark spots on side of head (vs. present in C. lacustris ) and presence of a conspicuous suborbital marking (reduced to a small spot little below orbit and at most two more small spots below that spot in C. tingui ). From C. haroldoi , C. jaguarensis , and C. jupiaensis , C. iguapina can be distinguished by E1 row scales counts, 60-68 (vs. 47-56); and from C. iguassuensis by having a continuous dark band along middle of side (vs. absent). Crenicichla iguapina differs from C. niederleinii by absence of narrow vertical bars crossing dark lateral band (vs. present).

Description. Based primarily on specimens over 100.0 mm. Largest male 159.8 mm, largest female 158.5 mm. Measurements given in Table 2 , counts in Tables 4-8 . See Fig. 5 for general aspect.

Comparatively deep bodied, depth 18.8-22.1% SL. Head about as deep as wide or slightly wider than deep. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Snout long, rounded when viewed from above, pointed in lateral view. Lower jaw prognathous. Ascending premaxillary process reaching to vertical from middle of orbit. Maxilla reaching to vertical from anterior margin of orbit or not quite so far. Upper lip thick and wide, folds not continuous but cutting into symphyseal wide thickening. Postlabial skin fold margin truncate or rounded. Lower lip fold interrupted at 4/5 distance to jaw tip. Orbit supralateral, chiefly in anterior half of head, eyes not visible from below. Nostrils dorsolateral, about halfway between orbit and margin of postlabial skin fold or closer to orbit, with low elevated margin, anterior marginal skin flap absent. Preopercle regularly serrated.

Flank scales strongly ctenoid. All scales on head, anteriorly on dorsum, close along dorsal fin base, on chest, and on belly below line from lower edge of pectoral axilla to anal fin origin and along anal fin base cycloid. Predorsal scales small, superficially embedded in skin, extending forward to transverse frontal lateralis canal. Prepelvic scales very small, superficially embedded in skin. Cheek fully scaled or narrowly naked ventrally and anteroventrally; 8-9 scales rows below eye, embedded in skin. Interopercle naked. Circumpeduncular scale rows 11-13 dorsally, 12-15 ventrally (total 26-30, including lateral lines).

Scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 8-11 anteriorly, 4-5 posteriorly; 3 scale rows between lateral lines. Anterior upper lateral line scales slightly larger and more elongate than adjacent scales, remaining lateral line scales nearly same size as adjacent scales; 3, occasionally 4 scales impinging on each scale of anterior portion, two on each scale of posterior portion of upper lateral line; 2 scales impinging on each scale of lower lateral line. Scales absent on dorsal, anal, pectoral, and pelvic fins. Caudal fin squamation slightly concave, marginally extending to middle of fin.

First dorsal spine about 1/3-1/4 length of last; spines increasing in length to last but subequal from about 10 th. Soft part of dorsal fin rounded or pointed; both sexes sometimes with produced middle rays reaching to about base of caudal fin base. Soft anal fin with rounded or acuminate tip, not reaching to base of caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fin rounded, reaching about halfway to anal fin origin. Pelvic fin inserted well posterior to vertical from pectoral axilla, with subacuminate tip; second ray longest, reaching halfway to anal fin origin; anterior rays and margin thickened.

All teeth pointed, moderately to strongly recurved. Outer row teeth distinctly larger than inner teeth and larger anteriorly than posteriorly. Upper jaw anteriorly with 4-5 inner rows; outer row teeth moveable, inner teeth inclinable or fully depressible. Lower jaw anteriorly with 3 inner rows; all teeth inclinable or depressible.

Microbranchiospines present externally on second to fourth gill arches.

Coloration in alcohol. Sexes differ in relative expression of body and fin markings: principally males with vividly spotted sides and fins, females mostly immaculate save for caudal spot. Dark brown preorbital stripe running from orbit across upper lip and around tip of lower jaw. Dark brown postorbital stripe running straight from orbit to dorsal end of gill cleft, sometimes reduced to blackish spot immediately posterior to orbit. Nuchal markings faint in large specimens, and include black spot slightly above posttemporal and triangular spot at middle of distal extrascapular. Suborbital stripe dark brown to black spot on second infraorbital, continuous with brown confluent dots on scales below, extending to 3/4 or 4/5 distance to preopercle; narrow in males, wide and even slightly widened distally in females; sometimes fragmented into dots on scale centres distally. Lateral line scales light with dark dot distally.

Males with numerous small dark spots scattered over middle sides and onto back. No spots on head. Holotype with spots still largely restricted to band between levels of lateral lines. Females with few spots only, or spots completely wanting from sides. Dark band along middle of side persist in females and 6 vertical dark bars descending from dorsal fin base to band enclose lightened areas over course of lateral line.

In males dorsal fin grayish with up to 6 (spinous) or 8 (soft portion) horizontal rows of dark spots. Dorsal fin in large females smoky with darker wide margin, sometimes with distinct light submarginal stripe. Dark, light-ringed spot located on middle portion of dorsal fin between 13 th and 17 th or 12 th and 17 th spines; one female (MZUSP 37908) features two ocellar spots, one between 11 th and 14 th spines, another between 14 th and 16 th spines. Soft portion of dorsal fin sometimes with few dark dots.

Anal fin grayish; in males up to four horizontal rows of dark spots on soft portion; in females anal fin immaculate or with few dark spots. Pelvic fins whitish.

In males caudal fin vividly patterned with up to 8 vertical rows of dark spots except for distal margin. Females with immaculate caudal fin or only few dark dots present. Caudal spot small, black, rounded and ocellated in both sexes; black portion extending between rays D1-D4 or V1-D3.

Smallest specimen available, 63.5 mm (MZUSP 41204), notably lacking suborbital spot or stripe, and flank spotting restricted to lateral band and dorsum. Dark spots on dorsal, anal and caudal fins arranged in lines. One row of spots along base of dorsal fin and another along middle of fin. On caudal fin dark spots arranged in three parallel vertical rows; distally along entire fin margin dark submarginal band followed by hyaline margin.

Young female, 89.4 mm (MZUSP 36540), with dark brown lateral band 3-4 scales deep, mainly between lateral line levels; scattered dark brown spots on side mainly located at lateral band and above. Dorsal fin with two rows of dark spots. Cau- dal fin with small, light ringed spot between rays D1 and D4, posteriorly 3 irregular vertical rows of brown spots; caudal fin posterior margin hyaline with wide gray submarginal band.

Stomach contents. Stomachs of two specimens examined, MZUSP 37908 (158.5 mm), and MZUSP 40213 (176.3 mm), empty. Radiographed specimen MNRJ 6318 (159.8 mm) shows fish remains.

Geographical distribution. Known only from the rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage in the State of São Paulo ( Fig. 6 ) .

Etymology. Named for the river drainage in which the species appears to be endemic, the rio Ribeira de Iguape. The name is an adjective with alternative endings -inum and -inus.

Notes. The occurrence of C. iguapina in the rio Ribeira de Iguape reinforces the concept that this drainage is an important area of endemism. Despite the scarcity of taxonomic revisions of its fish fauna, many species have been reported exclusively from that drainage viz. Neoplecostomus ribeirensis ( Langeani, 1990) , Otothyris juquiae (Garavello et. al., 1998), Isbrueckerichthys alipionis and I. duseni (Pereira & Reis, 2002) , Kronichthys subteres ( Weber, 2003) , Pimelodella kronei and P. transitoria (Bockmann & Guazzelli, 2003) , and Hypostomus agna and H. interruptus (Oyakawa et. al., 2005).

Figures

Fig. 5. Crenicichla iguapina, male, MZUSP 49062, holotype, São Paulo, Brazil.

Fig. 6. Collecting localities of Crenicichla iguapina, C. tingui, C. maculata, and C. punctata in the coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil. Most important rivers are: 1. Rio Jacui (part of the laguna dos Patos System); 2. Rio Itajaí-Açu; and 3. Rio Ribeira de Iguape. A symbol may cover more than one collecting site.