Crenicichla tingui, Kullander & Santos de Lucena, 2006

Kullander, Sven O. & Santos de Lucena, Carlos A., 2006, A review of the species of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Atlantic coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul States, with descriptions of three new species, Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (2), pp. 127-146 : 137-139

Crenicichla tingui , new species

Fig. 7

Holotype. MCP 12606. Female, 98.0 mm. Brazil, State of Paraná, municipal border Paranaguá-Morretes , rio Jacarei below the bridge at km 18 of road BR-277 (25°35’S 48°43‘W), 7 Feb 1988, P.A. Buckup, E. Pereira & P. Azevedo.

Paratypes. 10 specimens, 62.0–121.0 mm, all from Brazil. Santa Catarina: MCP 6909 (2, 98.9–121.0 mm) , arroio Lindo at road BR- 280, Pirabeiraba, mun. Joinville , 26°13’S 48°54’30"W, 19 Sep 1985, C.A.S. Lucena et al.; MCP 19892 (1, 195.0 mm) , rio Ano Bom, Itapocu drainage, mun. Corupá , 1 Aug 1997, Marcelo Aranha et al.; NMW 33286 (1, 92.0 mm) , mun. Joinville, 1913, V . Berndt. Paraná: MCP 16443 (1, 115.7 mm) , rio dos Nunes, rio Cachoeira drainage, mun. Antonina , 25°25’25"S 48°43’35"W, 8 Jan 1993, J.M. R . Aranha et al.; FMNH 54137 (5, 62.0–112.0 mm) , Morretes , ca. 25°28’S 48°51’W, 4 Jan 1909, J. D. Haseman (previously IUM 2702 ) .

Diagnosis. An elongate, medium sized species of the C. lacustris group distinguished from all other coastal southeastern Brazilian species in color pattern. Lateral band continuous from orbit to caudal fin base, vs. subdivided into a row of blotches in C. punctata and C. maculata ; suborbital stripe short and narrow, occasionally restricted to a small spot at orbital margin, vs. wide in C. iguapina ; spots absent from side of head, vs. present in C. lacustris . The most similar species may be C. lacustris . In C. lacustris the lateral band tends to fade in males, giving way to spot pattern, and in females lateral band emphasized over spots. In C. tingui band and spotting about equally expressed, although as in other species of the C. lacustris group, body and fin spots fewer and slightly lighter in females than in males of corresponding size. Crenicichla tingui differs from all species of the C. lacustris group, except C. iguassuensis , by absence of narrow vertical stripes. Crenicichla tingui can be distinguished from C. iguassuensis by lateral band continuous (vs. subdivided) and by suborbital stripe short and narrow (vs. elongate, extending to or nearly to preopercle).

Description. Based primarily on specimens over 100.0 mm. Largest male 121.0 mm, largest female 98.9 mm. Measurements given in Table 2 , counts in Tables 4-8 . See Fig. 7 for general aspect.

Comparatively elongate, depth 17.6-20.8%. Head about as deep as wide. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Snout long, rounded when viewed from above, pointed in lateral view. Lower jaw slightly prognathous. Ascending premaxillary process reaching to vertical from middle of orbit. Maxilla reaching to vertical from anterior margin. Upper lip thick and wide, folds not continuous but cutting into symphysial wide thickening. Postlabial skin fold margin truncate or sligthly rounded. Lower lip fold interrupted at 4/5 distance to symphysis. Orbit supralateral, not visible from below, chiefly in anterior half of head. Nostrils dorsolateral, about halfway between orbit and margin of postlabial skin fold and with low tubular margin but no anterior marginal skin flap. Preopercle regularly serrated.

Flank scales strongly ctenoid. All scales on head, anteriorly on back, along dorsal fin base, on chest, and belly below line from lower edge of pectoral axilla to anal fin origin and along anal fin base cycloid. Predorsal scales small, superficially embedded in skin, extending forward almost to transverse frontal lateralis canal. Prepelvic scales very small, superficially embedded in skin. Cheek fully scaled or narrowly naked ventrally and anteroventrally; 6-9 scales rows below eye, embedded in skin. Interopercle naked. Circumpeduncular scale rows 12-13 dorsally, 12-15 ventrally (25-28 including lateral lines).

Scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 11-12 ante- riorly, 4-5 posteriorly; 3 scale rows between lateral lines.Anterior upper lateral line scales slightly larger and more elongate than adjacent scales, remaining lateral line scales nearly same size as adjacent scales; three scales impinging on each scale of anterior part, two on each scale of posterior part of upper lateral line; 2 scales impinging on each scale of lower lateral line. Dorsal, anal, pectoral, and pelvic fins without scales. Caudal fin squamation concave, marginally extending to middle of fin.

First dorsal spine about 1/3-1/4 length of last; spines increasing in length to last but subequal from about 10 th. Soft part of dorsal fin pointed; both sexes sometimes with produced middle rays, reaching to about base of caudal fin. Soft anal fin with acuminate tip; in both sexes not reaching to base of caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fin rounded, reaching about halfway to anal fin origin. Pelvic fin inserted well posterior to vertical from pectoral axilla, with acuminate tip, second ray longest, reaching about halfway to anal fin origin; anterior rays and margin thickened.

All teeth pointed, slightly to strongly recurved. Outer row teeth slightly larger than inner teeth and larger anteriorly than posteriorly. Upper jaw anteriorly with 4-5 inner rows; outer row teeth movable, inner teeth inclinable or fully depressible. Lower jaw anteriorly with 3 inner rows; all teeth inclinable or depressible.

Microbranchiospines well developed, present externally on second to fourth gill arches.

Coloration in alcohol. Males and females similar in body color pattern, but males with more numerous and more distinct spots in unpaired fins. Dark brown preorbital stripe running from orbit across upper lip and around tip of lower jaw to dorsal end of gill cleft.Nuchal marks faintly expressed and including blackish spot slightly above posttemporal bone and dark band along margins of scales above sphenotic bone. Suborbital marking consisting of black spot on second infraorbital bone and brownish dots on one or two scales below, at best extending as pointed stripe down to middle of cheek as in holotype.

Wide blackish lateral band about four scales deep throughout or three scales deep anteriorly, running from pectoral girdle to caudal fin base, slightly separated from upper lateral line except at its end and extending ventrally onto scales of lower lateral line.

Five to seven dark vertical bars between dorsal fin base and upper lateral line, and two dark blotches sometimes discerned on dorsal part of caudal peduncle. Lateral line scales light with dark brown dot distally.

Minute black spots cover lateral band and posterior 3/4 of back in holotype; in others also in irregular horizontal row slightly ventral to lateral band. No dark spots on head other than those forming suborbital marking.

In males dorsal fin hyaline to whitish with dark spots along both spinous and soft portions, arranged in 2-3 horizontal rows anteriorly, 3-4 rows posteriorly; in females spotting distinct only posteriorly in fin. Anal fin hyaline or whitish with grayish lower margin and scattered dark dots more or less distinct in 2-3 horizontal rows on soft portion. Pelvic fin whit- ish. Caudal fin hyaline or whitish with seemingly irregularly distributed large gray dots, corners hyaline with dark submarginal band (not showing clearly).

Caudal spot conspicuous in specimens from Paranaguá catchment, large, extending between rays V1 and D5, deep black, rounded and margined with white ring, but less contrasted and appearing smaller in arroio Lindo sample. Pelvic and pectoral fins white and without marks.

Stomach contents. Single specimen examined, MCP 19892 (195.0 mm), contained chiefly remains of fishes.

Geographical distribution. Crenicichla tingui was collected in the rio Itapocu drainage and in small coastal rivers draining to the baía de Babitonga (rio Cubatão drainage) and the baía de Paranaguá (rio Jacarei and rio Cachoeira drainages) ( Fig. 6 ).

Etymology. Tingui is a Tupi word used in southern Brazil to designate an origin or inhabitant of the State of Paraná. It is here used as a noun in apposition.

Notes. FMNH 54137 specimens were listed by Haseman (1911:351) as Crenicichla lacustris , with only the remark ‘One has A. III,10’.

Figures

Fig. 7. Crenicichla tingui, female, MCP 12606, holotype, 98.0 mm SL, municipal border Paranaguá-Morretes, rio Jacarei, State of Paraná, Brazil.

Fig. 6. Collecting localities of Crenicichla iguapina, C. tingui, C. maculata, and C. punctata in the coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil. Most important rivers are: 1. Rio Jacui (part of the laguna dos Patos System); 2. Rio Itajaí-Açu; and 3. Rio Ribeira de Iguape. A symbol may cover more than one collecting site.