Calendula pinnatiloba (Cosson ex Maire 1928b: 57 ) A.C. Gonç. & P. Silveira 2023

Gonçalves, Ana Carla, Ouhammoud, Ahmed, Amirouche, Rachid, Santos, Conceição, Figueiredo, Estrela & Silveira, Paulo, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia, Phytotaxa 605 (1), pp. 1-83 : 39

9. Calendula pinnatiloba (Cosson ex Maire 1928b: 57) A.C. Gonç. & P. Silveira , comb. et stat. nov. Calendula murbeckii var. pinnatiloba Cosson ex Maire (1928b: 57) ; Maire (1938: 424). C.alendula echinata var. pinnatiloba

(Cosson ex Maire) Maire in Jahandiez & Maire (1934: 788). Type:— MOROCCO. Agadir, Sud-Ouest du Maroc ,

January 1875, Mardochée s.n. (lectotype P! [ P02413663 ], designated here) .

Calendula suffruticosa subsp. ifniensis Font Quer (1936: 16) ; Emberger & Maire (1941: 1152).

Type :— MOROCCO. In montibus Sidi Tual et Bu-Mesguida, in rupibus arenaceis, 1000 a 1250 m alt., 14 April 1935, Font Quer s.n. (lectotype BC! [812047], designated here) .

Description:––Annual herbs. Stems (14) 18–57.5 (70) cm long, diffuse to erect, with glandular hairs. Basal leaves (2.8) 4.2–5.6 (6.3) × (0.5) 0.7–1 (1.2) cm, linear to oblanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, margins sinuate-dentate with acute teeth, with glandular hairs. Capitula solitary, (1.8) 2.3-3.5 (3.9) cm, concolorous or discolorous. Achenes heteromorphic: outer achenes rostrate (10) 12–14 (15) × (1.5) 2.8–4.5 (5) mm, ± straight or slightly curved, without, or with small, dorsal spines, occasionally with a apical ventral tooth; middle achenes bialate, or sometimes trialate with similar dimensions, (5.8) 8.2–9.2 (11.2) × (5.8) 7–8.8 (10.5) mm, lateral wings sub-entire to sinuate-dentate; cymbiform (3.5) 4.2–5.2 (5.3) × (2.5) 2.8–3.5 (4.2) cm; inner achenes vermiculate-exalate (2.5) 3.3–4 (4.2) × (0.8) 1–1.3 (1.5) mm, circular to hemicyclic, with a small ventral wing or with apical and/or basal teeth. Figure 16 .

Habitat and distribution:— Clay limestone rocks, coastal plains and hills, at elevations of 20–150 m. It is found in arid Mediterranean bio-climate. Endemic to Agadir, Aït-Baha , Tamanar , Adar-Ou-Aman, Cap Rhir and Sidi Ifni. Figure 13 .

Conservation status:—Endangered (EN). This species is under numerous threats, especially due to climate changes (in some places rising in sea level, extreme weather events) and urban development (coastal development, urbanisation, tourism). The species is known from about five subpopulations. The number of mature individuals is estimated to be <2 500 based on field observations and to be declining. The EOO is 1 994.687 km 2, and the AOO is 20 km 2, which qualifies its status as EN. Therefore, we propose its conservation status as EN B1ab (ii, iii, iv, v) +2ab (ii, iii, iv, v).

Chromosome number:— 2n = 18.

Genome size:—2.09 ± 0.15 pg.

Notes:— Maire (1928b: 57) cited several specimens (syntypes) in the description of C. murbeckii var. pinnatiloba : ‘ prope Agadir-n-Ighir! (Mardochée 1875; Maire 1926); ad Herculis Promontorium (Maire 1926); ad radiées Anti- Atlantis prope Adar-ou Aman (Maire 1922)’. He further noted that the type was deposited in ‘ Herb Cosson Musei Parisiensis, in Herb. Univers. Algeriensis et in Herb. Inst. Imp. Scient. Rabatensis ’. We designate as lectotype the specimen Mardochée s.n. that originated from Cosson Herbarium.

In the protologue of C. suffruticosa subsp. ifniensis Font Quer (1936: 16) cited ‘ in montibus Sidi Tual et Bu-Mesguida, in rupibus arenaceis, 1000 a 1250 m alt. ’. This locality corresponds to two collections that exist at BC: BC812047 and BC812050 . We designate the former as lectotype .

Additional collections:— MOROCCO. Souss-Massa: Agadir betwen Agadir and Cap Rhir , Aghroud , 27 m [30°36’ N, 9°46’ W], 10 April 2011, P . Silveira 3130 ( AVE!); Agadir, aprox. 2, 6 km before the Cap Rhir lighthouse, coming from Agadir , 12 m [30°37’36” N, 9°53’26” W], 10 April 2011, P . Silveira 3134 ( AVE!) .

Figures

FIGURE 13. Geographic distribution of the species included in the Calendula maroccana group.

FIGURE 16. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A. C. meuselii (Silveira 3063, AVE); B. C. eckerleinii (Silveira 3064,AVE); C. C. oualidii (Silveira & Gonçalves 3339,AVE); D. C. davisii (Silveira & Gonçalves 3263,AVE); E. C. maroccana (Silveira 3144,AVE); F. C. maroccana (Silveira, Gonçalves, & Ouhammou 3295, AVE); G. C. murbeckii (Silveira, Gonçalves, & Ouhammou 3280, AVE); H. C. lanzae (Silveira, Gonçalves, & Ouhammou 3293, AVE); I. C. pinnatiloba (Silveira 3137, AVE); J. C. stellata (Silveira 3137, AVE); K. C. stellata (Silveira 3062, AVE); L. C. tripterocarpa (Silveira 3068, AVE). Rostrate achenes: A1, 2; B1, 2; C1, 2; D1, 2; E1-3; F1, 2; G1-4; H1-2; I1, 2; J1, 2; K1. Bialate achenes:A3, 4; B3, 4; E4, H4-6; K2. Cymbiform achenes: E7, 8; G7; H7, 8; I6; J3, 4; K4, 5; L2, 3. Trialate achenes: B5, 6; C3, 4; D4, 5; E5, 6; F3, 4; G5, 6; I3, 4; L1. Vermiculate-alate achenes: H9; J5; K6; L4. Vermiculate-exalate achenes:A5; B7; B8; C5, 6; D6, 7; E9, 10; F5, 6; G8; H10, I7, J6, K7; L5. All achenes in side view, except:A3, B4, B5, C3, D3, D5, E4, E5, F3, G5, H4, H5, H7, I3, I5, I6, J3, K2, K4, L1 and L2 in ventral face view, and A4, B3, B6, C4, D4, E6, F4, G6, H6, H8, I4, J4, K3, K5 and L3 in ± dorsal face view. Scale bars = 1 cm.