Procanace hardyi O'Grady and Pak

O'Grady, Patrick M & Pak, Nina, 2016, Studies in Hawaiian Diptera III: New Distributional Records for Canacidae and a New Endemic Species of Procanace, Biodiversity Data Journal 4, pp. 5611-5611 : 5611

Procanace hardyi O'Grady and Pak sp. n.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: PM O'Grady, RT Lapoint, GM Bennett, B Ort, NA Pantoja; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Kokee Stream near Canyon Trail; verbatimLatitude: 22° 6'18.56"N; verbatimLongitude: 159°39'41.12"W; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 7 Oct 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping over running water; eventDate: 10.i.2010; Record Level: collectionID: 588.7; institutionCode: EMEC Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: DA Polhemus; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Waiahuakua Stream at Kalalau Trail, on wet rocks; verbatimElevation: 400 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 1.2016; Event: eventDate: 30.iii.1993; Record Level: collectionID: CL8133; institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: DA Polhemus; individualCount: 3; sex: females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kaapoko Stream, tributary to Hanalei River, on wet rocks,; verbatimElevation: 1200ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 2.2016; Event: eventDate: 3.xi.1993; Record Level: collectionID: CL8233; institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: DA Polhemus; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kaapoko Stream, trib. to Hanalei River; verbatimElevation: 1200 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 1.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: in malaise trap; eventDate: 3.xi.1994; Record Level: collectionID: CL8233; institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: RA England; individualCount: 6; sex: 5 females, 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Koiae Stream, 150m down from dam; verbatimElevation: 3500 ft; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: i.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: 20 net swings; eventDate: 1.viii.1997; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: RA Englund; individualCount: 14; sex: 2 males, 12 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kauai, Koiae Stream, cascade riffles; verbatimElevation: 3680 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: i.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: 10 net swings; eventDate: 3.viii.1997; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: RA Englund; individualCount: 27; sex: 9 females, 18 males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kauai, Kokee, Waialae Stream, rocks in stream; verbatimElevation: 3400 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: i.2016; Event: eventDate: 5-6.i.1999; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: D Preston; individualCount: 52; sex: 29 females, 23 males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kokee, Waialae Stream, rocks in stream; verbatimElevation: 3400 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: i.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: 20 net swings; eventDate: 5-6.i.1999; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: D Preston; individualCount: 44; sex: 24 females, 20 males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kokee, Waialae Stream, rocks in stream; verbatimElevation: 3400 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: i.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: 30 net swings; eventDate: 5-6.i.1999; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: D Polhemus; individualCount: 101; sex: 49 females, 52 males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kokee, Waialae Stream, first fall below Waialae cabin; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 1.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: 25 net swings (#1); eventDate: 5-6.i.1999; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: D Polhemus; individualCount: 41; sex: 23 females, 18 males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kokee, Waialae Stream, first fall below Waialae cabin; verbatimElevation: 3500 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: i.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: 25 net swings (#2); eventDate: 5-6.i.1999; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: D Preston; individualCount: 101; sex: 46 females, 55 males; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Kokee, Waialae Stream, rocks in stream; verbatimElevation: 3400 ft.; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 1.2016; Event: samplingProtocol: 25 net swings (#3); eventDate: 5-6.i.1999; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: RA Englund; individualCount: 5; sex: 4 females, 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; verbatimLocality: Hanakapai Stream, 200m from ocean,; verbatimElevation: 5m; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: i.2016; Event: eventDate: 2.i.2002; Record Level: institutionCode: BPBM Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: PM O'Grady, RT Lapoint, GM Bennett, B Ort, NA Pantoja; individualCount: 3; sex: female; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Kokee Stream near Canyon Trail; verbatimLatitude: 22° 6'18.56"N; verbatimLongitude: 159°39'41.12"W; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 7 Oct 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping over running water; eventDate: 10.i.2010; Record Level: collectionID: 588.7; institutionCode: EMEC Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: PM O'Grady, KR Goodman, H Machado; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Kawaikoi Stream at Sugi Grove; verbatimLatitude: 22° 7'53.12"N; verbatimLongitude: 159°37'18.12"W; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 7 Oct 2014; Event: eventDate: 19.ix.2011; Record Level: collectionID: 705.7; institutionCode: EMEC Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: DE Hardy; individualCount: 4; sex: 4 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Amimalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Kalalau Valley; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 22 Jan 2016; Event: eventDate: viii.1953; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: EH Bryan, Jr.; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Amimalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Awaawapuhi; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 22 Jan 2016; Event: eventDate: viii.1953; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: DE Hardy; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Amimalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Kalalau Valley; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 22 Jan 2016; Event: eventDate: viii.1953; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: DA Polhemus; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: kingdom: Amimalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Kawaikoi Stream at Sugi Grove, Grove Campground; verbatimElevation: 1050; minimumElevationInMeters: 787; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 22 Jan 2016; Event: eventDate: 08.xi.1990; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: DA Polhemus; individualCount: 11; sex: 7 males, 4 females; Taxon: kingdom: Amimalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Canacidae; genus: Procanace; specificEpithet: Procanacehardyi; Location: islandGroup: Hawaiian Islands; island: Kauai; country: United States; stateProvince: Hawaii; county: Kauai; verbatimLocality: Makaleha Stream, at Makaleha Springs; Identification: identifiedBy: PM O'Grady; dateIdentified: 22 Jan 2016; Event: eventDate: 08.xi.1990; Record Level: institutionCode: USNM

Description

MALE, FEMALE. Head. Ground color dull black (Figs 1, 2, 3). Frons and fronto-orbital plates covered with indistinct golden pollen. Frons lacking setae. Three subequal lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae present. Ocellar triangle subshining black; ocelli whitish gray; two strong proclinate ocellar setae. Postocellar setae absent. Inner and outer vertical setae strong, subequal. Antennae, face, carina, gena and clypeus subshining, gray pollinose. Arista pubescent, inserted at base of third segment. Gena wide, about 3/4 width of eye, with three setae inserted along anterior margin of eye. Anterior genal seta weak, about 1/3 length of two strong, upward-directed posterior genal setae. Eye dark red, ovoid in shape, about two times longer than high. Thorax. Mesonotum dull black, indistinctly golden pollinose. Four pairs of dorsocentral setae present; anterior pair inserted well forward of suture; posteriormost are inserted slightly laterally relative to the others. One strong humeral seta. Scutellum subshining black, with two convergent anterior and two convergent posterior scutellar setae. Legs. Entirely black. Wings. Smoky dark gray, with even dark infuscation on entire surface of blade. Halteres brown. Abdomen. Subshining dark brown to black, with slightly lighter areas on posterior margins of each seqment. Epandriium and surstyli of males very similar to P. constricta . Apices of surstyli narrowed, not straight-sided (Figs 1, 4). Surstyli and central region of epandrium lightened. Females with a strong constriction between tergites four and five (Figs 2, 3, 5). Seventh tergite greatly expanded along ventrolateral margins, extending beyond the apices of the cerci. Eighth tergite with two strong dorsal setae along midline of seventh tergite and two subequal but finer setae on lateral margins of segment. Ovipositor strongly bifurcate in a distinct V shape. Ovipositor about two times longer than wide, with each half bearing three strong leaf-like spines at apex and numerous finer setae subapically.

Diagnosis

This species is most closely related to Procanace constricta from Maui, Molokai and Hawaii. It is differentiated most readily by the shape of tergite seven. In P. constricta tergite seven is greatly expanded on the lateroventral margins and extends to the apices of the cerci (Fig. 6). The seventh tergite of P. hardyi (Fig. 5) is not expanded on the lateroventral margins and has a telescoping form typical of the other members of this genus. The ovipositor of P. hardyi is long and narrow, about two times longer than wide, with distinct setae at the apices. The width and length of the cerci in P. constricta is roughly equal and the setae at the apices of the cerci are short and inconspicuous.

Etymology

It is a pleasure to dedicate this species to the memory of Dr. D. Elmo Hardy.

Distribution

This species is endemic to Kauai (Fig. 7).