Ctenomys Blainville 1826

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Ctenomyidae, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1560-1570 : 1560

Ctenomys Blainville 1826

Ctenomys Blainville 1826 , Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris: 62.

Type Species: Ctenomys brasiliensis Blainville 1826

Synonyms: Chacomys Osgood 1946 ; Haptomys Thomas 1916 .

Species and subspecies: 60 species with 27 subspecies:

Species Ctenomys argentinus Conterras and Berry 1982

Species Ctenomys australis Rusconi 1934

Species Ctenomys azarae Thomas 1903

Species Ctenomys bergi Thomas 1902

Species Ctenomys boliviensis Waterhouse 1848

Subspecies Ctenomys boliviensis subsp. boliviensis Waterhouse 1848

Subspecies Ctenomys boliviensis subsp. nattereri Wagner 1848

Species Ctenomys bonettoi Conterras and Berry 1982

Species Ctenomys brasiliensis Blainville 1826

Species Ctenomys budini Thomas 1913

Subspecies Ctenomys budini subsp. budini Thomas 1913

Subspecies Ctenomys budini subsp. barbarus Thomas 1921

Species Ctenomys colburni J. A. Allen 1903

Species Ctenomys coludo Thomas 1920

Species Ctenomys conoveri Osgood 1946

Species Ctenomys coyhaiquensis Kelt and Gallardo 1994

Species Ctenomys dorbignyi Contreras and Contreras 1984

Species Ctenomys dorsalis Thomas 1900

Species Ctenomys emilianus Thomas and St. Leger 1926

Species Ctenomys famosus Thomas 1920

Species Ctenomys flamarioni Travi 1981

Species Ctenomys fochi Thomas 1919

Species Ctenomys fodax Thomas 1910

Species Ctenomys frater Thomas 1902

Subspecies Ctenomys frater subsp. frater Thomas 1902

Subspecies Ctenomys frater subsp. mordosus Thomas 1926

Species Ctenomys fulvus Philippi 1860

Subspecies Ctenomys fulvus subsp. fulvus Philippi 1860

Subspecies Ctenomys fulvus subsp. robustus Philippi 1896

Species Ctenomys goodfellowi Thomas 1921

Species Ctenomys haigi Thomas 1917

Subspecies Ctenomys haigi subsp. haigi Thomas 1917

Subspecies Ctenomys haigi subsp. lentulus Thomas 1919

Species Ctenomys johannis Thomas 1921

Species Ctenomys juris Thomas 1920

Species Ctenomys knighti Thomas 1919

Species Ctenomys lami Freitas 2001

Species Ctenomys latro Thomas 1918

Species Ctenomys leucodon Waterhouse 1848

Species Ctenomys lewisi Thomas 1926

Species Ctenomys magellanicus Bennett 1835

Subspecies Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. magellanicus Bennett 1835

Subspecies Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. dicki Osgood 1943

Subspecies Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. fueginus Philippi 1880

Subspecies Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. osgoodi Allen 1905

Species Ctenomys maulinus Philippi 1872

Subspecies Ctenomys maulinus subsp. maulinus Philippi 1872

Subspecies Ctenomys maulinus subsp. brunneus Osgood 1943

Species Ctenomys mendocinus Philippi 1869

Species Ctenomys minutus Nehring 1887

Subspecies Ctenomys minutus subsp. minutus Nehring 1887

Subspecies Ctenomys minutus subsp. bicolor Ribeiro 1914

Species Ctenomys occultus Thomas 1920

Species Ctenomys opimus Wagner 1848

Subspecies Ctenomys opimus subsp. opimus Wagner 1848

Subspecies Ctenomys opimus subsp. luteolus Thomas 1900

Subspecies Ctenomys opimus subsp. nigriceps Thomas 1900

Species Ctenomys osvaldoreigi Contreras 1995

Species Ctenomys pearsoni Lessa and Langguth 1983

Species Ctenomys perrensi Thomas 1898

Species Ctenomys peruanus Sanborn and Pearson 1947

Species Ctenomys pilarensis Contreras 1993

Species Ctenomys pontifex Thomas 1918

Species Ctenomys porteousi Thomas 1916

Species Ctenomys pundti Nehring 1900

Species Ctenomys rionegrensis Langguth and Abella 1970

Species Ctenomys roigi Contreras 1988

Species Ctenomys saltarius Thomas 1912

Species Ctenomys scagliai Contreras 1999

Species Ctenomys sericeus J. A. Allen 1903

Species Ctenomys sociabilis Pearson and Christie 1985

Species Ctenomys steinbachi Thomas 1907

Species Ctenomys sylvanus Thomas 1919

Subspecies Ctenomys sylvanus subsp. sylvanus Thomas 1919

Subspecies Ctenomys sylvanus subsp. utibilis Thomas 1920

Species Ctenomys talarum Thomas 1898

Subspecies Ctenomys talarum subsp. talarum Thomas 1898

Subspecies Ctenomys talarum subsp. antonii Thomas 1910

Subspecies Ctenomys talarum subsp. occidentalis Justo 1992

Subspecies Ctenomys talarum subsp. recessus Thomas 1912

Species Ctenomys torquatus Lichtenstein 1830

Species Ctenomys tuconax Thomas 1925

Species Ctenomys tucumanus Thomas 1900

Species Ctenomys tulduco Thomas 1921

Species Ctenomys validus Contreras, Roig, and Suzarte 1977

Species Ctenomys viperinus Thomas 1926

Species Ctenomys yolandae Contreras and Berry 1984

Discussion: Cabrera (1961; based on Osgood, 1946) and Nowak (1999) listed two subgenera: Chacomys ( C. conoveri only) and Ctenomys (all other species). The validity of subgenus Chacomys has not been supported by subsequent studies ( Cook and Yates, 1994; Lessa and Cook, 1998). Thomas (1916 c) placed C. leucodon in the subgenus Haptomys , an arrangement that is supported by sequence divergence ( Lessa and Cook, 1998). Penis morphology appears to be useful in examining relationships among species ( Balbontin et al., 1996). Sperm morphology ( Feito and Gallardo, 1982; Vitullo et al., 1988; Vitullo and Cook, 1991) has been used to suggest two major divisions but the sequence analysis of D’Elía et al. (1999) does not support those lineages. A mendocinus group was designated by Massarini et al. (1991 a) composed of morphologically similar species: australis , azarae , mendocinus , porteousi , and C. sp. from Chasicó. Freitas (1994) included flamarioni and rionegrensis within this group, a conclusion supported by sequence analysis (D’Elia et al., 1999). In contrast with the predominant mode of speciation within the genus Ctenomys associated with chromosomal rearrangements ( Ortells, 1995; Reig and Kiblisky, 1969), members of the mendocinus group share relatively uniform karyotypes. Although a karyotype of 2n=48 is predominant, limited polymorphism has been reported in a single pair of chromosomes in populations of azarae and porteousi ( Massarini et al., 1998) resulting in karyotypes with a 2n=46-48.