Enaphalodes, Haldeman, 1847

Lingafelter, Steven W. & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2018, New Central American and Mexican Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with taxonomic notes and a key to species, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58, pp. 1-17 : 16-17

Key to species of Enaphalodes (updated from Lingafelter & Chemsak, 2002)

1. Elytra with pubescence dense and conspicuous, either erect or appressed orincombination..............................................................2

— Elytra withvery sparse,inconspicuous pubescence; U.S.A. (Arizona, California),Mexico (Sonora)................... E.seminitidus (Horn, 1885)

2(1). Elytrawithoneto threewell‑defined areasof dense,appressedpubescence.........................................................................................3

— Elytra withpubescence otherwise:either uniform,without patches of dense,appressedpubescence,orwithnumerous interconnecting, poorlydefined appressed patches,givingamottledappearance ...6

3(2). Mesosternal process with large central tubercle ( Fig. 5 ); meso‑ and metafemoral apicesspiniform ( Fig.4 )............................................4

— Mesosternalprocesswithsmalltubercleoneachsideclosetocurvature ( Fig. 8 ); meso‑ and metafemoral apices withrounded ortriangularlobes ( Fig. 7 )..........................................................................5

4(3). Elytral pubescence scattered, mostly pale yellow‑ochre, forming three distinctgroupsof spots ( Fig.1 ); Costa Rica.............................. .................................................................... E.antonkozlovi , sp.nov.

— Elytralpubescencecompact,white,formingtwogroupsof maculae; Panama, Colombia................................. E.boyacanus Martins,2005

5(3). Elytra without dense patch of white pubescence on distal area ( Fig.51 ); U.S. A (Texas), Mexico (Tamaulipas).................................... ............................................................. E.taeniatus (LeConte,1854)

— Elytra with patch of white pubescence at apex ( Fig. 6 ); Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica......................................................... E.coronatus (White,1853)

6(2). Elytranot appearing mottled; withoutpatches of appressedpubescence;erect,suberect,andappressedpubescence uniformindensity and distribution..........................................................................7

— Elytra appearing mottled; with patches of appressed pubescence; erect,suberect,orappressedpubescencenotuniformindensityand distribution ....................................................................................8

7(6). Large species, with pubescence inconspicuous and not heavily obscuring elytral surface; ventral pubescence mostly translucent with slight golden sheen; last ventral sternite of females with a deep notch at apex; U.S.A. ( Georgia, Missouri, California, Arizona, Texas,Idaho,Florida,Minnesota,New Jersey,Mississippi,Alabama), Mexico (Sonora, Tamaulipas)............. E.hispicornis (Linnaeus,1767)

— Moderate to large species with conspicuous uniform appressed fulvous pubescence that densely covers elytral surface; ventral pubescencemostlywhiteandnottranslucent,distinctlydifferentcolor from dorsal pubescence; last ventral sterniteof females withavery shallownotch at apex;U.S.A.(Florida)............................................. ......................................... E.archboldi Lingafelter & Chemsak,2002

8(6). Sides of pronotum at middle nearly as wide as base of elytra in males;elytralighttodarkbrownwithappressedpubescenceextensive not contrastingas intensely withelytral ground color (appearingdiffusely mottled).....................................................................9

— Pronotum with slight widening anterior to middle, but much narrower at widest point than base of elytra; elytra dark brown with appressedpubescence distinctlymottled.....................................11

9(8). Elytra with fulvous appressed pubescence and reddish or light brown ground color; without erect setae (except a few along suture and apical third); last abdominal sternite of females with very shallow notch at apex; Canada (Quebec, Ontario), U.S.A. (Georgia, Philadelphia, Texas, New York, South Carolina, Maine, Florida, Minnesota, Iowa, Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Mississippi, Massachusetts, Arkansas, Missouri, Alabama, Rhode Island,Maryland,Delaware,Districtof Columbia)............................ ............................................................. E.rufulus ( Haldeman,1847 )

— Elytra with white or off‑white appressed pubescence and light to darkbrowngroundcolor (rarely reddish‑brown);longererecttosuberect setae present; last abdominal sternite of females with deep orshallownotch at apex...............................................................10

10(9). Pubescence of metasternum primarily translucent; last abdominal sterniteoffemaledeeplynotchedatapex;elytrawithdiffusepatches of off‑white pubescence; Canada (Quebec, Ontario), U.S.A. (New York,Pennsylvania,Maryland,North Carolina,Massachusetts, Texas, Districtof Columbia,Georgia,Florida,Arizona,Mississippi,Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana,Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey,Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Wisconsin), Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas),Honduras............................ E.atomarius (Drury,1773 )

— Pubescence of metasternum primarily white and not translucent; last abdominal sterniteof female with very shallow notch at apex; elytrawithdiffusepatchesof whiteor off‑white pubescence; U.S.A. (Pennsylvania, Arizona, New York, Illinois, North Dakota, Ohio, Kentucky, New Jersey, Virginia, Mississippi, Nebraska), Mexico (Sonora)........................................ E.cortiphagus (Craighead,1923)

11(8). Apexof antennaltubercleselevated ( Figs.28 , 54 )........................12

— Apexof antennaltuberclesflattened ( Fig.55 )..............................13

12(11). Prothorax wide, distinctly rounded laterally ( Figs. 25, 28 ); antennomere IV short, thick, shorter than median pronotal impunctate region ( Fig.25 ); Mexico (Baja California Sur).................................... .................................................................... E.cunninghami , sp.nov.

— Prothorax moderately narrow, not distinctly rounded laterally ( Fig. 48 ); antennomere IV elongate, narrow, longer than median pronotalimpunctateregion ( Fig.48 ); Mexico (Tamaulipas) ............. ......................................................... E.niveitectus (Schaeffer,1905 )

13(11). Antennae in female reaching elytral apex ( Fig. 43 ); pubescence of headandelytraprimarily white;Mexico,Guatemala ....................... ....................................................................... E.senex ( Bates,1884 )

— Antennae in female not reaching elytral apex; pubescence of head andpronotumochreoryellowish‑white ......................................14

14(13). Antennae reaching at about base of distal third of elytra ( Fig. 17 ); pro‑ and mesosternal processes wide ( Fig. 23 ); uniformlyochre pu‑ bescence;Guatemala.......................................... E.monzoni , sp.nov.

— Antennae distinctly surpassingbase of distalthird of elytra ( Fig.9 ); pro‑ andmesosternal processesnarrow ( Fig.24 );pubescenceamix‑ tureof ochreand yellowish‑white;Nicaragua .... E.bingkirki , sp.nov.

Figures

Figures1-8.(1‑5):Enaphalodesantonkozlovi,sp.nov.,holotypefemale:(1)Dorsal habitus;(2)Ventralhabitus;(3)Lateralhabitus;(4)Apicesof meso‑and metafemora; (5) Pro‑ and mesosternal processes. (6‑8): Enaphalodes coronatus, female: (6) Dorsal habitus; (7) Apices of meso‑ and metafemora; (8) Pro‑ and mesosternal processes.

Figures 48-53. (48‑50): Enaphalodesniveitectus (Schaeffer),female:(48)Dorsal habitus;(49)Ventral habitus;(50) Lateral habitus.(51‑53): E.taeniatus (LeConte), female:(51) Dorsal habitus;(52)Ventral habitus;(53) Lateral habitus.

Figures 25-32.(25‑31):Enaphalodescunninghami,sp.nov.,holotype female:(25)Dorsal habitus;(26)Ventralhabitus;(27)Lateral habitus;(28)Head,frontalview; (29)Ventral head and thorax;(30)Ventralside,oblique lateral view;(31) Elytral sculpture.(32) E.taeniatus, female,elytral sculpture.

Figures 54-56. Antennal tubercles:(54) E.niveitectus (Schaeffer),female;(55) E.senex Bates,female;(56) E.taeniatus (LeConte),female.

Figures 42-47. Enaphalodes senex (Bates): (42) Male from Guatemala, lateral habitus;(43) Female from Guatemala,dorsal habitus; (44) Female from Guatemala, ventral habitus;(45)Malefrom Guatemala,antennal tubercles;(46)Male fromGuatemala,prosternalprocess,lateralview;(47)Malefrom Nicaragua,dorsal habitus.

Figures 17-24. (17‑23): Enaphalodes monzoni, sp.nov., holotype female: (17) Dorsal habitus; (18) Ventral habitus; (19) Lateral habitus; (20) Anteroventral view; (21) Head, frontal view; (22) Ventral side, oblique view; (23) Pro‑ and mesosternal processes. (24) E. bingkirki, sp. nov., holotype female, pro‑ and mesosternal processes.

Figures 9-16. Enaphalodes bingkirki, sp. nov.: (9‑13): Holotype female: (9) Dorsal habitus; (10) Ventral habitus; (11) Lateral habitus; (12) Head, frontal view; (13) Pro‑ and mesosternal process.(14‑16): Paratype female:(14) Lateral habitus;(15) Dorsal habitus;(16)Ventralhabitus.