Bebaiotes Muir, 1924

Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2024, A century of Achilixiidae Muir, 1923 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha): taxonomic study of the genus Bebaiotes Muir, 1924 and description of eight new species from Brazil, Zootaxa 5413 (1), pp. 1-65 : 6-8

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5413.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:094269B4-0C8A-42AD-9FDE-F37C21BD35D8
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E26D9308-FFC1-FF85-FF54-FC6DD1D8053A
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Bebaiotes Muir, 1924
status

Treatment

Bebaiotes Muir, 1924 View in CoL View at ENA

Type-species: Bebaiotes bucayensis Muir, 1924 ; by original designation.

Bebaiotes Muir, 1924: 33–34 View in CoL , fig.1 a–b (tegmen and genitalia); Metcalf 1945: 217 (general catalogue of the Hemiptera ); Fennah 1947: 185, 186, 188, 189,190, Figs 1 a–b View FIGURE 1 , 2 a–g View FIGURE 2 , 3a–b View FIGURE 3 (head, tegmen, thorax, III sternite, male and female terminalia) (description, illustrations); O’Brien & Wilson 1985: 90 (habitus, male and female terminalia) (quote, illustrations); Wilson 1989: 487–492, Figs 4 View FIGURE 4 , 7 View FIGURE 7 , 8 View FIGURE 8 , 9 View FIGURE 9 , 10 View FIGURE 10 , 11 View FIGURE 11 (head, tegmen, thorax, III sternite) (quote, illustrations, synonymy); Emeljanov 1991: 54, 56, 58, Figs 4–7 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 (head, III sternite), 10–11 (tegmen) (quote, illustrations); Liang 2001: 221, 224 (quote).

Diagnostic characters. Medium sized: body length: male 2,1–5,0 mm (4,4–8,0 mm including wings) (N=54); female 2,2–4,8 mm (4,3–7,6 mm including wings) (N=41). General color varying from yellow to dark brown. Frons long or narrow, evenly rounded in lateral view; median carina of the frons absent ( Figs 1C View FIGURE 1 , 4C View FIGURE 4 ); lateral carina of frons subparallel and distally divergent ( Figs 7C View FIGURE 7 , 10C View FIGURE 10 ); lora in the form of an inverted scalene triangle. Pronotum with dorsal longitudinal carina, but can be incomplete, not reaching the anterior margin of pronotum ( Figs 1C View FIGURE 1 , 4C View FIGURE 4 ); lateral longitudinal carinae of pronotum smoothly diverging posteriorly ( Figs 28D View FIGURE 28 , 31D View FIGURE 31 ). Mesonotum with median and lateral carinae present, but sometimes weakly marked ( Figs 22D View FIGURE 22 , 25D View FIGURE 25 ). Forewings arranged in a tectiform manner; unbranched RP vein; icua crossvein present ( Figs 39A, C, D View FIGURE 39 ); oval radial cell ( Figs 39E View FIGURE 39 , 40A View FIGURE 40 ). Abdomen with one lateral pair of modified abdominal processes bearing three deep sensory pits, each pit with a whitish, long, and thin bristle on the inner ventral margin ( Figs 1 A, E View FIGURE 1 , 10 A, E View FIGURE 10 ); sternite IV connected to sternite V; sternite VII completely sclerotised with one long, slender, and whitish setae on dorsal region; sternite VIII connected to pygofer. Male terminalia: Pygofer subtriangular in lateral view, symmetrical; medioventral process absent ( Figs 2A, B View FIGURE 2 ); gonostyli symmetrical, claviform, in posterior view, external margin with short and pointed preapical projection, internal margin with several microsetae ( Figs 2A, B, E View FIGURE 2 ). Phallic complex: periandrium is a simple, symmetrical tube ( Figs 2F, G View FIGURE 2 , 5F, G View FIGURE 5 ), with a pair of inner sclerotised plates elongate, aedeagus not distinguished ( Figs 8G View FIGURE 8 , 11G View FIGURE 11 ). Anal tube (segment X) small, not covering the gonostyli, semi-rounded in dorsal view, concave in posterior view ( Figs 2A, C View FIGURE 2 , 8A, C View FIGURE 8 ). Female terminalia: Pygofer bilobed symmetrical, with abundant microsetae ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Gonapophysis VIII with three spiniform projections of unequal sizes, curved to the external face, and variable projections on the lateroapical margin ( Figs 3E View FIGURE 3 , 6E View FIGURE 6 , 9E View FIGURE 9 ). Bursa copulatrix filamentous apically, bristles present laterally, on apical half ( Figs 12E View FIGURE 12 , 15E View FIGURE 15 ). Gonapophysis IX (second valvula) sclerotised, bifid, lobes with pointed apex, wider at base and narrowing towards apex, apex curved latero-ventrally in dorsal view ( Figs 3D View FIGURE 3 , 6D View FIGURE 6 ). Gonoplac (third valvula) with variable shape, in lateral view, enlarged and bearing numerous setae apically ( Figs 3C View FIGURE 3 , 6C View FIGURE 6 , 9C View FIGURE 9 ). Anal tube (segment X) similar to the male.

Remarks. Bebaiotes can be easily distinguished from Achilixius by the following features: frons with median carina absent, lateral carinae of frons distally divergent, lateral longitudinal carinae of pronotum smoothly diverging posteriorly in dorsal view; RP vein of the forewing unbranched; icua cross-vein present of the forewing; one pair of processes laterally on the abdomen at the sternite III with three deep sensory pits. In contrast, in Achilixius the frons has a median carina and the lateral carinae of frons are distally parallel; RP vein of the forewing branched; icua cross-vein absent of the forewing and two pair of processes laterally on the abdomen at the sternites III (two deep sensory pits) and V (one deep sensory pits).

Wilson (1989) mentioned that the bursa copulatrix of the species of Achilixius is simple when compared to the Bebaiotes species, which have spines. We dissected a female specimen of Achilixius and the terminalia were studied and observed that the spines cited by Wilson are similar in both genera and all have apical filaments. Furthermore, Wilson (1989) hypothesized that these abdominal processes are not homologous with those found in the species in Bennini and Bennarellini ( Cixiidae ), suggesting the need for further studies to define the phylogenetic relationships of this family.

There is no information on the biology of Bebaiotes . Specimen’s labels suggest that they can be found understory and on the canopy of trees. The specimens of Bebaiotes analyzed in this study were collected in all months of the year. Also based on label information, and literature data, specimens have been collected using light trap, CDC-type light trap, Malaise trap, and sweep.

Bebaiotes occur only in the Neotropical region, and there are records of species from Ecuador, Guyana, and Panamá. Based on the study material from Brazil, all Bebaiotes specimens studied by us came from the Amazon region.

Distribution. Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), new record; Equador (Feltons); Guiana (New River); Panamá (Barro Colorado); Peru (Madre de Dios), new record.

Key to species of Bebaiotes Muir View in CoL (males and females)

1. Frons large in frontal view ( Figs 1C View FIGURE 1 , 13C View FIGURE 13 ).................................................................. 2

-. Frons narrow in frontal view ( Figs 4C View FIGURE 4 , 28C View FIGURE 28 )................................................................ 7

2. MP vein of the forewing with four branches ( Fig. 39A View FIGURE 39 ); ir cross-vein next to the r-m2 cross-vein of the forewing ( Fig 39 A View FIGURE 39 ). 3

-. MP vein of the forewing with six or seven branches ( Fig. 40 A View FIGURE 40 ); ir cross-vein far from the r-m2 cross-vein of the forewing ( Fig. 40A View FIGURE 40 )......................................................................... B. dorsivittata Fennah, 1947 View in CoL

3. Anterior margin of pronotum with truncated apex ( Figs 1 D View FIGURE 1 , 10 D View FIGURE 10 ); periandrium with apex of dorsal margin indentation ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ); lobes of the gonapophysis IX (second valvula) not bifid ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 )........................................... 4

-. Anterior margin of pronotum with tapered apex ( Fig. 19 D View FIGURE 19 ); periandrium with apex of dorsal margin without indentation ( Fig. 20G View FIGURE 20 ); lobes of the gonapophysis IX (second valvula) bifid ( Fig. 21D View FIGURE 21 )........................... B. macroptera sp. nov.

4. Median region of pronotum brown ( Figs 1D View FIGURE 1 , 22D View FIGURE 22 ); tegula brown ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 )....................................... 5

-. Median region of pronotum whitish yellow ( Figs 10D View FIGURE 10 , 31D View FIGURE 31 ); tegula whitish yellow ( Figs 10D View FIGURE 10 , 31D View FIGURE 31 )................... 6

5. Body coloration light brown; median longitudinal carina of mesonotum strongly marked ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ); metatibia with 8 apical spines; periandrium with short indentation in dorsal margin ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 )........................... B. amazonica sp. nov.

-. Body coloration dark brown; median longitudinal carina of mesonotum weakly marked ( Fig. 19D View FIGURE 19 ); metatibia with 9 apical spines; periandrium with long indentation in dorsal margin ( Fig. 23D View FIGURE 23 )............................ B. parallela sp. nov.

6. Clypeus without brown band ( Fig. 10C View FIGURE 10 ); m-cu cross-vein of the forewing present ( Fig. 39G View FIGURE 39 ); periandrium with apex of dorsal margin with long indentation ( Fig. 11G View FIGURE 11 ); bursa copulatrix densely filamentous apically ( Fig. 12E View FIGURE 12 ).... B. dichromata sp. nov.

-. Clypeus with brown band ( Fig. 31C View FIGURE 31 ); m-cu cross-vein of the forewing absent ( Fig. 41 E View FIGURE 41 ); periandrium with apex of dorsal margin with short indentation ( Fig. 32G View FIGURE 32 ); bursa copulatrix sparsely filamentous apically ( Fig. 33E View FIGURE 33 )....... B. tigrina sp. nov.

7. Pustules present near the posterior margin of pronotum ( Figs 25D View FIGURE 25 , 28D View FIGURE 28 ).......................................... 8

-. Pustules absent in the posterior margin of pronotum ( Figs 7D View FIGURE 7 , 34D View FIGURE 34 )............................................. 9

8. General body coloration light brown; pustules of pronotum brown ( Fig. 25D View FIGURE 25 ); periandrium with apex of ventral margin with shallow indentation ( Fig. 26G View FIGURE 26 ); gonapophysis VIII (first valvula) with three projections on the lateroapical margin ( Fig. 27E View FIGURE 27 )...................................................................................... B. pennyi sp. nov.

-. General body coloration dark brown; pustules of pronotum pale yellow ( Fig. 28D View FIGURE 28 ); periandrium with apex of ventral margin without indentation ( Fig. 29G View FIGURE 29 ); gonapophysis VIII (first valvula) with two projections on the lateroapical margin ( Fig. 30E View FIGURE 30 )..................................................................................... B. pulla Muir, 1934 View in CoL

9. General body coloration dark brown ( Figs 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ); periandrium with apex of the dorsal and ventral margins variable ( Figs 8G View FIGURE 8 , 35G View FIGURE 35 ); dorsal margin of projections on lateroapical margin of gonapophysis VIII (first valvula) with at least one projection... .................................................................................................. 10

-. General body coloration pale yellow ( Figs 7A View FIGURE 7 , 16A View FIGURE 16 ); periandrium with apex of dorsal margins with short indentation ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ); dorsal margin of projections on lateroapical margin of gonapophysis VIII (first valvula) smooth ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 )................................................................................................ B. banksi ( Metcalf, 1938) View in CoL

10. Median region of pronotum brown ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ); tegula brown; periandrium with apex of the dorsal and ventral margins variable .................................................................................................. 11

-. Median region of pronotum white ( Figs 16C, D View FIGURE 16 ); tegula whitish; periandrium with apex of the dorsal margin serrated and ventral margin with short indentation ( Fig. 17G View FIGURE 17 )....................................... B. guianesus ( Fennah, 1947) View in CoL

11. Forewing without broad transverse dark brown band on apical third; periandrium with apex of the dorsal margin serrated ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ); gonapophysis VIII (first valvula) with four projections on the lateroapical margin ( Fig. 9E View FIGURE 9 )........... B. bia sp. nov.

-. Forewing with broad transverse dark brown band on apical third; periandrium with apex of the dorsal margin smooth ( Fig. 35G View FIGURE 35 ); gonapophysis VIII (first valvula) with three projections on the lateroapical margin ( Fig. 36E View FIGURE 36 )...... B. wilsoni sp. nov.