Neverita josephinia ( Risso, 1826 )

Huelsken, Thomas, Marek, Carina, Schreiber, Stefan, Schmidt, Iris & Mann, Michael Holl-, 2008, The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses, Zootaxa 1770, pp. 1-40 : 35

Neverita josephinia ( Risso, 1826) — Fig. 10 B [egg mass: Figs. 3 , 11 A, J, K, a)

+ Nerita glaucina sensu auct. - non Linnaeus, 1758. Sabelli et al. (1990), p. 171

Natica josephinia Risso, 1826 . Historie naturelle des principales producions de l´Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. p. 149, pl. 4, fig. 43

Natica (Neverita) josephinia ( Risso, 1826) . Kobelt (1901), p. 103, pl. 56, figs. 1–7; Settepassi (1972), p. 28, pls. 1, 3, 7

+ Neverita olla de Serres, 1829. Sabelli et al. (1990), p. 171

+ Natica albumen sensu Scacchi, 1836 - non Linnaeus, 1758. Sabelli et al. (1990), p. 171

+ Neverita philippiana Reeve, 1855 - ex Récluz MS. Sabelli et al. (1990), p. 171

+ Natica naticoides sensu Sandri & Danilo, 1856 - non Küster, 1856. Sabelli et al. (1990), p. 171

Natica josephinia ( Risso, 1826) . Weinkauff (1867), pp. 256-257; Hidalgo (1917), pp. 487-488

+ Natica aegyptiaca Pallary, 1913 [ex Recluz MS]. Sabelli et al. (1990), p. 171

Neverita josephinia ( Risso, 1826) . Sabelli & Spada (1977), p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 1; Schiró (1977a), p. 56, figs. 1, 2 (fifth row); Terreni (1981), p. 30; Nordsieck (1982), p. 102, pl. 16, fig. 62.10; Doneddu & Mananza (1989), pp. 55–60; Poppe & Goto (1991), p. 120, pl. 17, fig. 20; Barash & Danin (1992), p. 105, fig. 113a,b; De Smit & Bába (2001), p. 98; Demir (2002), p. 110; Huelsken et al. (2006)

Description

Size: Up to 39.8 mm m.o.d. ( Spain, Hutsell et al., 2001). Specimens (n = 38) from Giglio Island 4.5 – 21.7 mm (mean: 11.4 mm ± 0.9 mm) height; 6.0 – 30.5 mm (mean: 15.8 ± 1.2 mm) to width. Ratio [h/w] = 0.72 ± 0.006. Aperture approximately 87% of shell height. The larval shell has a diameter of approx. 780 µm ( Giglioli 1955).

General shape: Subglobose, depressed shell with extremely low spire; 4.5 [teleoconch: 2.25] spiral whorls; last whorl extremely wide, constituting most of the shell.

Sculpture: Minute axial growth striae.

Shell color: Glossy; greyish-white to greyish-brown; lighter whitish, indistinct band at periphery; funicular callus greyish (small shells) or reddish (large shells); yellowish brown band beneath suture. Protoconch: Weakly reddish, flat; 1.75 embryonal whorls.

Aperture & outer lip: Broadly half moon-shaped aperture, oblique, rounded at bottom, slightly angled posteriorly; outer lip simple, thin.

Umbilical area: Wide umbilicus, almost completely (sometimes entirely) occupied by large, thick funicle with button-like, reddish funicular callus.

Operculum: Corneous, honey-colored.

Animal: Propodium and mesopodium completely white, almost entirely covering the shell, including spire; propodium as long as mesopodium, each twice as long as shell; width of mesopodium twice the width of shell, broadens posteriorly; width of propodium equals width of shell.

Egg mass: Rigid, coiled paucispiral band of mucus-cemented sand grains with inwardly cambered walls ( Figs. 3 , 8A /a, 8J,K), one circle; outer diameter: 51.0 to 59.0 mm (n = 2; mean: 55.0 mm ± 5.7 [SD]). Differential diagnosis: As a typical Neverita species, N. josephinia has a very flat outline; its shell is much wider than high (r = 0.72 ± 0.006 [SEM]) which is unique for Mediterranean naticids outside the genus Sinum ; the animal is very large, and it is able to cover most parts of the shell with the propodium and mesopodium.

Geographical distribution

Giglio Island: Campese Bay (1), Pt. del Faraglione (2), Cannelle Bay (8). General distribution: Strictly Mediterranean, and very commen in the entire Mediterranean Sea.

Figures

FIGURE 3: Photos of all egg masses used for molecular analysis (see Figure 1) in this study. For details concerning collection sites and the sequences amplified see Table 2. The pictures were taken immediately after the collars has been collected. DNA samples from egg masses were marked with C followed by a reference number when DNA was extracted directly from an egg mass; they were marked with L followed by a reference number if DNA extraction was performed from hatched larvae. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.

FIGURE 8: A, Tectonatica sagraiana (Orbigny, 1842); B, Tectonatica rizzae (Philippi, 1844). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.

FIGURE 10: A, Payraudeautia intricata (Donovan, 1804); B, Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.

FIGURE 11: Naticid egg masses collected on Giglio Island. A / a, Neverita josephinia (Campese Bay); B / b, probably Tectonatica rizzae (Pt. delle Secche); C / c, Notocochlis dillwynii (Pt. delle Secche); D / d, Notocochlis dillwynii (Cala dell´Allume); E / e, Notocochlis dillwynii (Fenaio); F / f, Tectonatica sagraiana (Campese Bay); G / g, Naticarius hebraeus (Pt. del Morto); H-I, egg capsules in egg masses of T. sagraiana (10 days old); J-K, egg capsules in egg masses of N. josephinia (1 day old).