Manis Linnaeus 1758

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Pholidota, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 530-531 : 530

Manis Linnaeus 1758

Manis Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 36 .

Type Species: Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758

Synonyms: Pangolin Gray 1873 ; Pangolinus Rafinesque 1815 ; Pangolinus Rafinesque 1821 ; Phatages Sundevall 1843 ; Phatagin Gray 1865 ; Pholidotus Brisson 1762 ; Triglochinopolis Fitzinger 1872 .

Species and subspecies: 8 species with 5 subspecies in 5 subgenera:

Subgenus Manis (Manis) Linnaeus 1758

Subgenus Manis (Paramanis) Pocock 1824

Subgenus Manis (Smutsia) Gray 1865

Subgenus Manis (Uromanis) Pocock 1924

Subgenus Manis (Phataginus) Rafinesque 1821

Species Manis (Manis) crassicaudata E. Geoffroy 1803

Species Manis (Paramanis) culionensis de Elera 1915

Species Manis (Smutsia) gigantea Illiger 1815

Species Manis (Paramanis) javanica Desmarest 1822

Species Manis (Manis) pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. auritus Hodgson 1836

Subspecies Manis (Manis) pentadactyla subsp. pusilla J. Allen 1906

Species Manis (Smutsia) temminckii Smuts 1832

Species Manis (Uromanis) tetradactyla Linnaeus 1766

Species Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis Rafinesque 1821

Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. tricuspis Rafinesque 1821

Subspecies Manis (Phataginus) tricuspis subsp. mabirae Allen and Loveridge 1942

Discussion: Family reviewed by Mohr (1961). Morphological evidence suggests a subdivision of the genus into two genera ( Manis and Phataginus ), see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Patterson (1978); or four subgenera ( Manis , Paramanis , Smutsia , and Uromanis ), see Meester (1972 a), Meester et al. (1986), and Mohr (1961). Gaudin and Wible (1999) conducted a cladistical analysis of 67 cranial characters in extant pangolins plus one fossil genus and found that the Asian pangolins form a monophyletic clade while the African species form a paraphyletic assemblage.