Hemigrammus, Gill, 1858

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 172-181

HEMIGRAMMUS Gill, 1858

FCT Lima, MMF Marinho

Hemigrammus Gill, 1858:416 , 420. Type species: Poecilurichthys (Hemigrammus) unilineatus Gill, 1858 . Type by monotypy in subgenus. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Poecilurichthys .

Holopristis Eigenmann, 1903:145 . Type species: Tetragonopterus ocellifer Steindachner, 1882 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Ramirezella Fernández-Yépez, 1949b:1 . Type species: Ramirezella newboldi Fernández-Yépez, 1949 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Hemigrammus aguaruna Lima, Correa, Ota, 2016

Hemigrammus aguaruna Lima, Correa , Ota , 2016:125, figs. 1–4. Type locality: Peru, Departamento Loreto, Morona , Quebrada Uchpayacu (tributary of Río Morona), 3°02’38.9”S, 77°22’44.0”W. Holotype: MUSM 54691 .

Distribution: 316 (Lima et al., 2016).

Remarks: Cited as Hemigrammus ocellifer by Galvis et al. (2006:206–207).

Hemigrammus amacayacu Albornoz-Garzón, Méndez-López, DoNascimiento, Lima, 2019

Hemigrammus amacayacu Albornoz-Garzón, Méndez-López, DoNascimiento, Lima, 2019:933, figs. 1–3. Type locality: Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, unnamed tributary of quebrada Matamatá, 03°47’ 53.3” S, 70°15’ 58”W. Holotype: IAvH-P 21889.

Distribution: 316 (Albornoz-Garzón et al., 2019).

Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909

Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909:64 . Type locality: Rockstone. [ Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Essequibo River (6°1’N, 58°34’W)]. Holotype: FMNH 53041 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 310, 314, 316, 321 (Eigenmann, 1912a; Goulding et al., 1988; Taphorn, 1992; Lima et al., 2013; Ohara et al., 2017).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Taphorn (1992:200–201), Lima et al. (2013:254–255), and Ohara et al., 2017:194.

Hemigrammus arua Lima, Wosiacki, Ramos, 2009

Hemigrammus arua Lima, Wosiacki, Ramos, 2009:154, figs. 1–4. Type locality: Brazil, Pará State, município de Juruti, lago São Francisco do Alto Aruã, rio Aruã, tributary of rio Arapiuns, tributary of rio Tapajós, 02°36’4”S, 55°54’21”W. Holotype: MPEG 14755.

Distribution: 316 (Lima et al., 2009).

Hemigrammus ataktos Marinho, Dagosta, Birindelli, 2014

Hemigrammus ataktos Marinho, Dagosta, Birindelli, 2014:258 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Tocantins State, Natividade, córrego Cocal on road TO-280, rio Manoel Alves drainage, rio Tocantins basin, 11°42’50.2”S, 47°35’40.2”W. Holotype: MZUSP 113725 .

Distribution: 324 (Marinho et al., 2014).

Remarks: Appeared as Hyphessobrycon on page 258 in Marinho et al. (2014), corrected in Dagosta et al. (2016:257).

Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann, Henn, 1914

Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann, Henn, 1914:232 . Type locality: Barrigona, Rio Meta. [Barrigona = Puerto Barrigón, located near present Puerto Porfia, at Río Humea, a tributary of Río Meta (ca. 4°10’N, 73°1’W) (Colombia, depto. Meta)]. Holotype: CAS 44368.

Distribution: 307, 314 (Taphorn, 1992; Cabalzar et al., 2005).

Remarks: See comments on the species by Taphorn (1992:203–205) and Lima et al. (2005:188), and a discussion of its relationships by Ota et al. (2014).

Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner, 1882)

Tetragonopterus bellottii Steindachner, 1882c:179 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Brazil, Amazonas , near Tabatinga (rio Solimões), c. 4°14’S, 69°57’W]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57253–55 (13, 9, 9).

Distribution: 307, 308, 310, 311, 314, 315, 316, 321, 323 (Lima et al., 2013; Taphorn, 1992; Lima et al., 2005; Ferreira et al., 2007; Planquette et al., 1996).

Remarks: Described in more detail in Steindachner (1882:34–35). See comments on the species in Géry (1963e), Planquette et al. (1996:274–275), and Lima et al. (2013:256–257).

Hemigrammus boesemani Géry, 1959

Hemigrammus micropterus boesemani Géry, 1959a:251 , fig. 2. Type locality: crique vers Sinnamary , Guyana fse. [French Guiana, near the city of Sinnamary (the latter at 5°22’N, 52°57’W)]. Holotype: MHNG 2181.80 .

Distribution: 311 (Planquette et al., 1996; Mol, 2012).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Planquette et al. (1996:275 bis-275 ter), Mol (2012:244), and Lima et al. (2022:263).

Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911

Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911:161 , Pl. 3 (fig. 4). Type locality: Barreiras. Lagôas of Rio Grande. [ Brazil, Bahia, c. 12°8’S, 45°0’W]. Holotype: FMNH 54444 .

Distribution: 327, 328 (Camelier, Zanata, 2014 a).

Hemigrammus changae Ota , Lima, Hidalgo, 2019

Hemigrammus changae Ota , Lima, Hidalgo , 2019:336, figs. 1, 2. Type locality: Peru, Departamento Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado , Aguajal Cicra, Aguajal Pozo Minero, 12°33’48”S, 70°07’03”W. Holotype: MUSM 663836 .

Distribution: 318 (Ota et al., 2019).

Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin, 1908

Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin , in Eigenmann , 1908:99. Type locality: Manacapuru. [ Brazil, Amazonas, Lago Manacapuru (ca. 3°13’S, 60°44’W)]. Syntypes: (103) MCZ 20801 (97).

Distribution: 307, 314, 315, 316, 321 (Lima et al., 2013; Ferreira et al., 2007; Lima et al., 2005).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Lima et al. (2013:256–257).

Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin, 1918

Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin , in Eigenmann, 1918b:168, Pl. 20 (fig. 3). Type locality: Jatuarana (...) Silva, Lake Saraca. [“Jatuarana” is an uncertain locality, but “(p)robably an igarape‚ or lagoa SW of Parintins, near Barreirinha” ( Brazil, Amazonas, rio Amazonas) (Higuchi, 1996); “Silva, Lake Saraca” = Silves, Lago Saracá (ca. 2°50’S, 58°14’W), Amazonas, Brazil]. Syntypes: CAS 42675 (2);?MCZ 21067 (6),?21069 (9?, orig. 6), 89964 (orig. 11).

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1918b).

Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, 1909

Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, 1909:62 . Type locality: Tumatumari. [ Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Potaro River (ca. 5°21’N, 59°0’W)]. Holotype: FMNH 53426 .

Distribution: 310 (Durbin, 1909).

Hemigrammus diagonicus Mendonça, Wosiacki, 2011

Hemigrammus diagonicus Mendonça, Wosiacki, 2011:211 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, State of Pará , Lago do Piranha, Juruti, Lower Amazon, 2°12’40.2”S, 56°6’59.1”W. Holotype: MPEG 10321 .

Distribution: 316 (Mendonça, Wosiacki, 2011).

Hemigrammus durbinae Ota , Lima, Pavanelli, 2015

Hemigrammus durbinae Ota , Lima , Pavanelli , 2015:220, figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas , Careiro , lago Castanho , lago Janauacá complex, rio Solimões basin, ca. 3°48’S, 60°23’W. Holotype: MZUSP 115984 .

Distribution: 316, 321, 343 (Ota et al., 2015).

Remarks: Cited as Hemigrammus sp. “falso marginatus ” by Lima et al. (2013:270–271).

Hemigrammus elegans (Steindachner, 1882)

Tetragonopterus elegans Steindachner, 1882c:179 . Type locality: Obidos. [ Óbidos , Pará, Brazil (ca. 1°55’S, 55°31’W)]. Syntypes: (several)? MCZ 90014 (2); NMW 57390 (8).

Distribution: 316 (Steindachner, 1882c).

Remarks: A poorly known species, subsequent records (e.g., Taphorn, 1992) are doubtful.

Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, 1909

Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, 1909:56 . Type locality: Erukin. [ Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Potaro River, a creek below Amatuk Falls (ca. 5°18’N, 59°19’W)]. Holotype: FMNH 53546 .

Distribution: 310 (Durbin, 1909).

Remarks: A well-known aquarium fish apparently endemic to the Essequibo River.

Hemigrammus falsus Meinken, 1958

Hemigrammus ocellifer falsus Meinken, 1958:232 . Type locality: Amazonasgebiet (genauer Fangort unbekannt). [Type locality (“Amazon region”) is uncertain; Zarske (2015a), based on Mol (2012), recorded the species only from Suriname]. Holotype: ZMH H1183 .

Distribution: 311 ( Zarske, 2015a; Mol, 2012, as Hemigrammus aff. ocellifer ).

Remarks: Species name revalidated and raised to the specific level by Zarske (2015a) with additional comments by Lima et al. (2016).

Hemigrammus filamentosus Zarske, 2011

Hemigrammus filamentosus Zarske, 2011c:4 , figs. 1–5. Type locality: über Belem aus dem rio-Araguaya-System. [Probably from the Tocantins-Araguaia Rivers basin]. Holotype: MTD F 32438 .

Distribution: 324 ( Zarske, 2011c).

Hemigrammus geisleri Zarske, Géry, 2007

Hemigrammus geisleri Zarske, Géry, 2007:6 , figs. 1–4, 6. Type locality: Brasilien, Para , Igarapé 35 km nordwestlich Obidos. [ Brazil, Pará, igarapé at 35 km northwest of Óbidos]. Holotype: MTD F 30612 .

Distribution: 314*, 316, 320*, 321, 322* ( Zarske, Géry, 2007; Lima et al., 2013; Ohara et al., 2017; MMF. Marinho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Probably a species complex that needs taxonomic revision (Lima et al., 2003). Widespread throughout the Amazon basin.

Hemigrammus gracilis (Lütken, 1875)

Tetragonopterus gracilis Lütken, 1875c:133 [7]. Type locality: Lacu Lagoa Santa. [ Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco basin (ca. 19°38’S, 45°54’W)] . Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9583 (4); NMW 68066 (5) ; SMNS 2047 (4) ; ZMB 9201 (1) ; ZMUC 522–529 (8) , 539 (1), 650 (1), 651 (1), 661 (1), 662 (1).

Distribution: 327 (Lütken, 1875c).

Remarks: Often considered as a widespread species (Géry, 1977) but herein tentatively considered as endemic from the rio São Francisco basin.

Hemigrammus guyanensis Géry, 1959

Hemigrammus guyanensis Géry, 1959a:254 , fig. 3. Type locality: crique Sable (Hte Mana). [ French Guiana, a tributary of Acarouany River (trib. Mana River), near Mana (the latter locality at 5°40’N, 53°46’W)]. Holotype: MHNG 2181.23 .

Distribution: 311, 323 (Planquette et al., 1996; Mol, 2012).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Planquette et al. (1996:276–277) and Mol (2012:244–246).

Hemigrammus haraldi Géry, 1961

Hemigrammus pulcher haraldi Géry, 1961e:44 , fig. 2. Type locality: Upper Solimões , environs of Sao Paulo de Olivença ( Brazil), in an inland-lake (...) between the Parana-Para and the Parana-Camatia. [São Paulo de Olivença lies at the margin of rio Solimões, ca. 3°28’S, 68°57’W ( Brazil, Amazonas)]. Holotype: USNM 196672 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1961e; Lima et al., 2013:258–259).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Lima et al. (2013:258–259).

Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin, 1918

Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin , in Eigenmann, 1918:151, Pl. 18 (fig. 4). Type locality: Lake Hyanuary. [Lago Janauari, Iranduba, Amazonas, Brazil (ca. 3°12’S, 60°3’W)]. Syntypes: (8) CAS 42676 (2), MCZ 20955 (now 4).

Distribution: 314, 316, 321 (Lima et al., 2013; Ohara et al., 2017:196).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Lima et al. (2013:260–261); Ohara et al. (2017: 196).

Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909

Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909:60 . Type locality: Gluck Island . [ Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Essequibo River near Rockstone (5°59’N, 58°34’W)]. Holotype: FMNH 53034 .

Distribution: 310 (Durbin, 1909).

Hemigrammus kuroobi Reia, Benine, 2019

Hemigrammus kuroobi Reia, Benine, 2019:408 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State , São Gabriel da Cachoeira , tributary of the Rio Miuá, Rio Negro basin, 00°06’12”S, 66°53’8”W. Holotype: MZUSP 123957 .

Distribution: 314 (Reia, Benine, 2019).

Hemigrammus levis Durbin, 1908

Hemigrammus levis Durbin , in Eigenmann, 1908:100. Type locality: Lago do Maximo, Obidos, Villa Bella, Lake Jose Assu. [“Lago do Maximo” is a small lake near Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil (approximate coordinates 2°40’S, 56°45’W) (Higuchi, 1996); Óbidos, Pará, Brazil (ca. 1°55’S, 55°31’W); “Villa Bella” is the current Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil (ca. 2°38’S, 56°45’W); “Lake Jose Assu” lies at rio Andirá, Amazonas, Brazil (2°54’S, 57°8’W)]. Syntypes: (over 300) CAS 42677 (5), CAS 42678 (7); MCZ 89961–62 (64, 18), 20738 (194), 20749 (28), 20829 (3); USNM 120266 (6).

Distribution: 307, 314, 315, 316, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324 (Araújo-Lima et al., 1986; Ferreira et al., 2007; Lima et al., 2013; Ohara et al., 2017).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Lima et al. (2013:262–263) and Ohara et al., 2017.

Hemigrammus luelingi Géry, 1964

Hemigrammus luelingi Géry, 1964b:7 , fig. 5. Type locality: petit ruisseau faisant communiquer le “Zapote Cocha” avec le “Caño Yarina ”, en bordure du Rio Pacaya , affluent du canal de Puinahua (bras du bas Rio Ucayali). [ Peru, Depto. Loreto]. Holotype: ZFMK 1304 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1964b).

Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, 1918

Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin , in Eigenmann , 1918b:164. Type locality: Amazon basin. [Restricted by Ota et al. (2014:274) for “ Brazil, Amazonas, Codajás, lago Badajós (ca. 3°21’S, 62°41’W)”. Lago Badajós is a large blocked valley lake tributary of the rio Solimões (ca. 3°21’S, 62°41’W) (Ota et al., 2014:274)]. Holotype: MCZ 20964 (1 of 3). [Holotype and paratypes figured in Ota et al. (2014)].

Hyphessobrycon maxillaris Fowler, 1932:354 , fig. p. 350. Type locality: Descalvados , Matto Grosso. [Descalvados is a ranch situated at the left bank of the rio Paraguai, in the central area of the Pantanal, Mato Grosso State (ca. 16°44’S 57°45’W) (Ota et al., 2014:276)]. Holotype: ANSP 53660 . [Holotype figured in Ota et al. (2014)]. Synonymy with Hemigrammus lunatus proposed by (Ota et al. (2014).

Distribution: 313, 316, 318, 319, 321, 343 (Géry, 1965d; Ota et al., 2014; Ota et al., 2019).

Remarks: Redescription of species and restriction of its type locality in Ota et al. (2014); additional comments on the species in Lima et al. (2013:264–265) and Ota et al. (2019).

Hemigrammus machadoi Ota , Lima, Pavanelli, 2014

Hemigrammus machadoi Ota , Lima, Pavanelli, 2014:266, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Pontes e Lacerda , igarapé Barreiro , tributary of rio Guaporé , rio Madeira basin, road to Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade , 15°11’34”S, 59°25’26”W. Holotype: INPA 39889 .

Distribution: 319, 343 (Ota et al., 2014).

Remarks: Cited as Hemigrammus sp. “falso lunatus ” by Lima et al. (2013:272–273).

Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj, Géry, 1989

Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj, Géry, 1989:154 , figs. 5–7. Type locality: Paraguay, dépt. Misiones, marais près de Panchito López à 4 km de Yabebery. [Swamp on the flood plain of Paraná river basin (ca. 27°26’S, 57°09’W)]. Holotype: MHNG 2412.82 .

Distribution: 319, 343, 345 (Ota, 2010).

Remarks: Comments on the species and records from Brazil in Ota (2010).

Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911

Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911:159 , Pl. 3 (fig. 3). Type locality: Queimadas, Rio Itapicurú. [ Brazil, Bahia, ca. 10°58’S, 39°38’W]. Holotype: FMNH 54430 .

Distribution: 326, 327, 328 (Britski et al., 1984; Camelier, Zanata, 2014 a).

Remarks: See comments on the species in Ota et al. (2015), where it is restricted to the rio São Francisco and other river drainages from northeastern Brazil.

Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler, 1945

Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler, 1945b:1 , fig. 3. Type locality: Ninabamba near Ayacucho, at 1900 meters elevation, Rio Ucayali basin, Peru. [Ninabamba (= San Lorenzo de Ninabamba), Depto. Junín, Peru (ca. 10°58’S, 75°29’W)]. Holotype: ANSP 71624 .

Distribution: 317 (Fowler, 1945b).

Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler, 1913

Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler, 1913b:543 , fig. 12. Type locality: Tributary of Madeira River near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39228 .

Distribution: 321 (Fowler, 1913b; Lima et al., 2013; Ohara et al. 2017:197).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Lima et al. (2013:264–265) and Ohara et al., 2017:197.

Hemigrammus micropterus Meek, 1907

Hemigrammus micropterus Meek , in Eigenmann, Ogle, 1907:15. Type locality: Los Castilos, Venezuela. [ Venezuela, Estado Delta Amacuro, ca. 8°31’N, 62°24’W]. Holotype: CAS 44438.

Distribution: 307 (Taphorn, 1992).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Taphorn (1992:212–213).

Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin, 1918

Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin , in Eigenmann , 1918b:165. Type locality: Santarem. [ Brazil, Pará, ca. 2°25’S, 54°43’W]. Holotype: MCZ 20782 (1 of 9).

Distribution: 307, 313, 314, 316, 319, 321, 323 (Taphorn, 1992; Lima et al., 2013; Galacatos et al., 1996; Ohara et al., 2017:198).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Taphorn (1992:215–216), Lima et al. (2013:272–273, as Hemigrammus sp. “ manchinha “) and Ohara et al., 2017:198.

Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke, 1955

Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke, 1955b:229 , fig. 2. Type locality: From the rapids at Camanáos on the Rio Negro , Brazil (…). Camanáos is down river from São Gabriel, at approximately 0°10’ South Latitude, 66°55’ West Longitude. Holotype: SU 47759 .

Distribution: 314 (Böhlke, 1955b).

Remarks: Taphorn (1992) tentatively identified populations from the Río Apure, upper Río Orinoco basin in Venezuela, as Hemigrammus mimus . Taxonomic comments in Taphorn (1992) and Zarske, Géry (2007).

Hemigrammus neptunus Zarske, Géry, 2002

Hemigrammus neptunus Zarske, Géry, 2002b:25 , figs. 3–4. Type locality: Bolivien, Dep.Pando, Río Manuripi, unweit des Zusammenflusses mit dem Río Tahuamanu , mehrere Fundorte zwischen Alméndrillo (11°11’68.7”S, 67°34’26.9”W) und Bolima (11°16’89.0”S, 67°36’24.6”W). Holotype: MTD F 25536 .

Distribution: 318, 319, 343 (Ota, 2010; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Ota (2010) and in Lima et al. (2013:266–267).

Hemigrammus newboldi (Fernández-Yépez, 1949)

Ramirezella newboldi Fernández-Yépez, 1949b :[2], fig. Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar, Río Orinoco, Puerto Cedeño , 7°39’06”N 66°10’34”. Neotype: MZUSP 96431 . [Designated by Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020:34].

Distribution: 307 (Fernández-Yépez, 1949b; Taphorn, 1992).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Taphorn (1992:221), species redescribed in Mathubara, Toledo-Piza, 2020:34.

Hemigrammus ocellifer (Steindachner, 1882)

Tetragonopterus ocellifer Steindachner, 1882c:179 . Type locality: Villa bella, Cudajas. [Villa Bella is the current Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil (ca. 2°38’S, 56°45’W); Cudajas is the current Codajás, Amazonas, Brazil (ca. 03°21’S 62°41’W)]. Syntypes: (several)? MCZ 20969 (5); MSNM 4 (1); NMW 57689 (6) ; ZSM 5864 (1).

Distribution: 310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 316, 321, 323 (Planquette et al., 1996; Mol, 2012; Lima et al., 2013; Ferreira et al., 2007).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Planquette et al. (1996:278–279) and Lima et al. (2013:266–267).

Hemigrammus ora Zarske, Le Bail, Géry, 2006

Hemigrammus ora Zarske, Le Bail, Géry, 2006:19 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: French Guiana, Pripri Yiyi. [ca. 5°27’N, 53°3’W]. Holotype: MNHN 2006-0785 .

Distribution: 311, 315, 316, 320, 324 (Zarske et al., 2006; Jerep et al., 2011; Ohara et al., 2017:198).

Remarks: Comments on the species and its distribution in Jerep et al. (2011) and Ohara et al. (2017:198).

Hemigrammus orthus Durbin, 1909

Hemigrammus orthus Durbin, 1909:61 . Type locality: Tukeit. [ Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Potaro River (ca. 5°14’N, 59°25’W)]. Holotype: FMNH 53052 .

Distribution: 310, 311 (Mol, 2012).

Hemigrammus parana Marinho, Carvalho, Langeani, Tatsumi, 2008

Hemigrammus parana Marinho, Carvalho, Langeani, Tatsumi, 2008:53 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Rio Grande near the old sand port, known as Velho Adão, municipality of Santa Clara D’Oeste, São Paulo state, Brazil, 20°01’27.2”S, 50°54’46.6”W. Holotype: DZSJRP 6217.

Distribution: 344 (Marinho et al., 2008).

Remarks: Populations of a very similar species to Hemigrammus parana occur in the upper portions of rio Tapajós, rio Xingu, and rio Araguaia basins (MMF. Marinho, FR. Carvalho, pers. obs.). However, a taxonomic study is necessary to evaluate their possible conspecificity with H. parana .

Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry, 1965

Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry, 1965a:19 , Pl. 2 (fig. 7). Type locality: Igarapé Preto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia. [ Brazil, Amazonas , near Tabatinga]. Holotype: SMF 7237 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1965d).

Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges, 1938

Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges, 1938:49 . Type locality: dem Stromgebiet zwischen Tabatinga und Iquitos. Lectotype: ZMH H61 . [Designated by Ladiges et al., 1958:157].

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1961e; Galvis et al., 2006).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Géry (1961e) and Galvis et al. (2006:208–209).

Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin, 1909

Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin, 1909:58 . Type locality: Georgetown trenches. [ Guyana, Georgetown, especially trenches close to the Botanical Garden (ca. 6°48’N, 58°08’W) (Eigenmann, 1912a:32)]. Holotype: FMNH 53026 .

Hemigrammus armstrongi Schultz, Axelrod, 1955:5 , fig. (p. 4). Type locality: Near Georgetown. [ Guyana]. Holotype: USNM 163868.

Distribution: 316, 311, 315, 323, 324, 325, 326, 320.

Hemigrammus rubrostriatus Zarske, 2015

Hemigrammus rubrostriatus Zarske, 2015a:4 , figs. 1–5. Type locality: Grenzgebiet Kolumbien Venezuela. [Type series composed by specimens from the aquarium trade (firma Glaser), with uncertain locality]. Holotype: MTD F 33435 .

Distribution: 307 (DoNascimiento et al., 2017:49).

Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner, 1882)

Tetragonopterus schmardae Steindachner, 1882c:179 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Brazil, Amazonas , near Tabatinga (rio Solimões), ca. 4°14’S, 69°57’W]. Syntypes: NMW 57809 (3), 57979 (22), 81255 (2).

Hemigrammus proneki Géry, 1963e:14 , fig. 2. Type locality: near Tapurucuara , upper Rio Negro. [ Brazil, Amazonas, ca. 0°21’S, 65°1’W]. Holotype: USNM 198648 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 316 (Géry, 1965d; Taphorn, 1992).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Taphorn (1992:227–228).

Hemigrammus silimoni Britski , Lima, 2008

Hemigrammus silimoni Britski , Lima, 2008:565, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Rio Juruena , município de Sapezal, downstream PCH Telegráfica, 12°41’S, 58°56’W. [Exact coordinates of type locality: 12°41’15”S, 58°56’34”W]. Holotype: MZUSP 93559 .

Distribution: 320 (Britski, Lima, 2008).

Hemigrammus skolioplatus Bertaco, Carvalho, 2005

Hemigrammus skolioplatus Bertaco, Carvalho, 2005b:143 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Comodoro, rio Doze de Outubro on road BR 364 between Comodoro and Vilhena, 12°58’39”S, 60°00’30”W. Holotype: MCP 38389 .

Distribution: 320 (Bertaco, Carvalho, 2005b).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Ohara, Lima (2015).

Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin, 1909)

Hyphessobrycon stictus Durbin, 1909:71 . Type locality: Lama Stop-Off. [ Guyana, Demerara-Mahaica, a tributary of Mahaica River , ca. 6°32’N, 51°1’W]. Holotype: FMNH 52798 .

Distribution: 307, 310, 311, 314, 315, 316, 321 (Eigenmann, 1912a; Taphorn, 1992; Ferreira et al., 2007; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Taphorn (1992:233) and Lima et al. (2013:268–269).

Hemigrammus taphorni Benine, Lopes, 2007

Hemigrammus taphorni Benine, Lopes, 2007:54 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Río Caura , Cano Mayor , around Salto Para, 6°31’67” N, 64°48’33”W. State of Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 55841 .

Distribution: 308 (Benine, Lopes, 2007).

Hemigrammus tocantinsi Carvalho, Bertaco, Jerep, 2010

Hemigrammus tocantinsi Carvalho, Bertaco, Jerep, 2010:248 , figs. 1–2,3a, 4. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Cavalcante, rio das Pedras, Fazenda Córrego Fundo, 13°44’34”S, 47°26’33”W. Holotype: MCP 44444 .

Distribution: 324 (Carvalho et al., 2010).

Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann, 1907

Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann , in Eigenmann, Ogle, 1907:15. Type locality: Arroyo Pypucu , Paraguay Basin. [Arroyo Pypucu is a stream nearby Barrero Pyta (ca. 25°38’S, 56°44’W), Departamento Paraguari, Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 58609.

Distribution: 343 (Ota, 2010; Fernandes et al., 2010).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Ota (2010) and Azpelicueta, Koerber (2017).

Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger, 1895)

Tetragonopterus ulreyi Boulenger, 1895a:529 . Type locality: Descalvados , Matto Grosso. [Descalvados is a ranch situated at the left bank of the rio Paraguai, in the central area of the Pantanal, Mato Grosso State (ca. 16°44’S, 57°45’W)]. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.17.194–199 (6).

Distribution: 343, 345 (Ota, 2010; Fowler, 1940b).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Ota (2010).

Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858)

Poecilurichthys unilineatus Gill, 1858:420 [60]. Type locality: island of Trinidad, W.I. No types known.

Hemigrammus unilineatus cayennensis Géry, 1959a:248 , fig. 1. Type locality: crique d’eau douce de l’ile de Cayenne. [ French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2179.61 .

Distribution: 304, 309, 310, 311, 316, 319, 321, 323, 326 (Planquette et al., 1996; Mol, 2012; Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Planquette et al. (1996:276–277), Mol (2012:244–246), Lima et al. (2013:268–269).

Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry, 1963

Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry, 1963e:11 , fig. 1, plus 1 unnumbered. Type locality: near Tapurucuara , upper Rio Negro. [ Brazil, Amazonas, ca. 0°21’S, 65°1’W]. Holotype: USNM 198643 .

Distribution: 307, 314, 316, 319, 321 (Lima et al., 2013).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Lima et al. (2013:270–271).

Hemigrammus xaveriellus Lima, Urbano-Bonilla, Prada-Pedreros, 2020

Hemigrammus xaveriellus Lima, Urbano-Bonilla, Prada-Pedreros , 2020:2, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Colombia: Guaviare, Calamar , Caño La Ocho , Río Itilla , tributary of the Río Vaupés basin, 2°00’18.4”N, 72°53’18.3”W. Holotype: MPUJ 14240 .

Distribution: 314 (Lima et al., 2020).

Hemigrammus yinyang Lima, Sousa, 2009

Hemigrammus yinyang Lima , Sousa, 2009:156, figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas , igarapé Castanha, near Sítio São Pedro, 0°11’N, 69°35’W. Holotype: MZUSP 99300 .

Distribution: 314 (Lima, Sousa, 2009).

Species inquirendae ( Hemigrammus )

Hemigrammus aereus Géry, 1959a:257 , figs. 4–5. Type locality: crique Nancibo, bassin de la Conté, un des formateurs du Mahury. [ French Guiana, near Cayenne , ca. 4°49’N, 52°17’W]. Holotype: MHNG 2181.86 .

Remarks: Planquette et al. (1996:295 bis) considered the types of Hemigrammus aereus to be juvenile specimens of either Hemigrammus bellottii or Moenkhausia collettii , presenting a silvery pigmentation due to infestation by trematodes.

Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann, 1918b:152 , Plate 19 (fig. 1). Type locality: Argentina. [There are doubts about the type locality because the holotype was imported as aquarium fish (from P. Matte, a Berlin aquarist)]. Holotype: CAS 44436. Additional material or paratypes: CAS 44437 (1).

Remarks: Comments on the species in Géry, 1959a.

Hemigrammus riddlei Meek , in Eigenmann , Ogle, 1907: 13 Type locality: Los Castillas, Orinoco. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: missing. [in original description it is said to be at the FMNH, but neither catalogue entry nor fish were found (Ibarra, Stewart, 1987:45)].

Remarks: Possibly a species of Microschemobrycon (FCT. Lima, pers. obs.).