Phenacogaster, Eigenmann, 1907

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 250-253

PHENACOGASTER Eigenmann, 1907

ZMS Lucena

Phenacogaster Eigenmann, 1907:769 . Type species: Tetragonopterus pectinatus Cope, 1870 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Vesicatrus Eigenmann, 1911c:174 . Type species: Vesicatrus tegatus Eigenmann, 1911 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Grammabrycon Fowler, 1941b:190 . Type species: Grammabrycon calverti Fowler, 1941 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Phenacogaster apletostigma Lucena, Gama, 2007

Phenacogaster apletostigma Lucena, Gama, 2007:152, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brasil, Amapá: canal principal do rio Santo Antônio , sistema do rio Araguari, município de Porto Grande, 01°06’04.38”N, 51°53’36.74”W [ Brazil]. Holotype: IEPA 2488 .

Distribution: 323 (Lucena, Gama, 2007).

Phenacogaster beni Eigenmann, 1911

Phenacogaster beni Eigenmann, 1911c:174 , Pl. 6 (fig. 4). Type locality: Villa Bella, Rio Beni . [Villa Bella, Bolivia, Rio Beni , into Rio Madeira (Locality where Haseman collected the holotype, in Eigenmann (1911a:311)]. Holotype: FMNH 54597.

Distribution: 318, 319 (Eigenmann, 1911c).

Remarks: The species is still not satisfactorily diagnosed so the distribution is based on the localities of the type material.

Phenacogaster calverti (Fowler, 1941)

Grammabrycon calverti Fowler, 1941b:190 , figs. 99–100. Type locality: Forteleza , Ceará. Holotype: ANSP 69606 .

Distribution: 325, 326 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster capitulata Lucena, Malabarba, 2010

Phenacogaster capitulatus Lucena, Malabarba, 2010:266, fig. 2. Type locality: Peru, Ucayali: Rio Neshuya (sistema do Rio Ucayali, Coronel Portillo ). Holotype: MUSM 20424 .

Distribution: 316 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster carteri (Norman, 1934)

Vesicatrus carteri Norman, 1934:336 , figs. A-C. Type locality: from a forest stream tributary to the Cuyuni River. Holotype: BMNH 1934.9.12:216.

Distribution: 308, 310 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster eurytaenia Lucena, Antonetti, Lucena, 2018

Phenacogaster eurytaenia Lucena, Antonetti, Lucena , in Antonetti , Lucena , Lucena , 2018:272, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás State, Campinaçu , rio Tocantins: downstream of Usina Hidrelétrica de Serra da Mesa , 13°50’55”S, 48°15’45”W ( Funai station ). Holotype: MZUSP 119015 .

Distribution: 324 (Antonetti, Lucena, Lucena, 2018).

Phenacogaster franciscoensis Eigenmann, 1911

Phenacogaster franciscoensis Eigenmann, 1911c:173 , Pl. 6 (fig. 3). Type locality: Boqueiras , near mouth of Rio Porto. [Malabarba, Lucena (1995:338) cited the type locality as: “Boqueirão, near mouth of rio Preto in the label; Boqueirão, rio Grande, rio São Francisco drainage according to the localities of collection of Haseman Expedition...”]. Holotype: FMNH 54599 .

Distribution: 324, 327, 328 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010; Antonetti, Lucena, Lucena, 2018).

Phenacogaster jancupa Malabarba , Lucena, 1995

Phenacogaster jancupa Malabarba , Lucena, 1995:339, fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil: Mato Grosso: Jangada, ribeirão Espinheiro, crossing road BR 364 (from Cuiabá to Jangada), 21 km South of Jangada, rio Cuiabá drainage, 15°24’S, 56°23’W. Holotype: MCP 17279.

Distribution: 343 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster julliae Lucena, Lucena, 2019

Phenacogaster julliae Lucena, Lucena, 2019:1, figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Campo Formoso, rio Salitre, on the road to Lage, ca. 40 km east of Lage, Poços de Doce , rio São Francisco drainage, approx. 10°01’S, 40°42’W. Holotype: MZUSP 123642 .

Distribution: 327 (Lucena, Lucena, 2019).

Phenacogaster maculoblonga Lucena, Malabarba, 2010

Phenacogaster maculoblongus Lucena, Malabarba, 2010:268, fig. 4. Type locality: Venezuela, Bolivar: Caño Caballepe (1 km de Tumeremo, sistema do rio Cuyuni , 07°17’N, 61°30’W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-30230.

Distribution: 307, 308, 309, 310 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster megalosticta Eigenmann, 1909

Phenacogaster megalostictus Eigenmann, 1909a:28 . Type locality: Tumatumari , Lower Potaro River. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53530 . [The holotype was figured in Eigenmann (1912a, plate LIII, fig. 3) and Eigenmann (1927, plate 56, fig. 2). Number of holotype is incorrect in the legend in Eigenmann (1912a)].

Distribution: 310 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster microsticta Eigenmann, 1909

Phenacogaster microstictus Eigenmann, 1909a:30 . Type locality: Tumatumari , Lower Potaro. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52970 . [The holotype was figured in Eigenmann (1912a, plate LIII, fig. 4) and Eigenmann (1927, plate 56, fig. 1)].

Distribution: 310.

Phenacogaster naevata Antonetti, Lucena, Lucena, 2018

Phenacogaster naevata Antonetti, Lucena, Lucena, 2018:275, figs. 4–6. Type locality: Rio das Éguas, rio Tocantins drainage, Porto Nacional, Tocantins State, Brazil, approximately 10°43’S, 48°25’W. Holotype: MCP 49466 .

Distribution: 324 (Antonetti, Lucena, Lucena, 2018).

Phenacogaster napoatilis Lucena, Malabarba, 2010

Phenacogaster napoatilis Lucena , Malabarba , 2010:272, fig. 5. Type locality: Equador, Napo: Rio Napo e afluentes (próximo a Coca, 0°28’S, 76°56’W). [ Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 51485 .

Distribution: 313, 316 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster ojitata Lucena, Malabarba, 2010

Phenacogaster ojitatus Lucena , Malabarba , 2010:275, fig. 6. Type locality: Brasil, Pará : Rio Curuá (Serra do Cachimbo). [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 30551 .

Distribution: 322 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster pectinata (Cope, 1870)

Tetragonopterus pectinatus Cope, 1870:560 . Type locality: From Pebas, Equador. [currently, Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 8090 . [fig. 30 in Fowler (1906) according to Böhlke (1984: 52). Specimen in very poor condition (LR Malabarba, pers. comm.)].

Tetragonopterus Tabatingae Steindachner,1876c:91 [43]. Type locality:Amazonenstrom bei Tabatinga. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) whereabouts unknown.

Tetragonopterus Bairdii Steindachner, 1882c:179 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 57250 (3). [The description of the species was detailed in Steindachner (1882a:35)].

Distribution: 316.

Remarks: Phenacogaster pectinata is still not satisfactorily diagnosed so the distribution is based on its type-locality and on the types-localities of its synonyms P. bairdii and P. tabatingae .

Phenacogaster prolata Lucena, Malabarba, 2010

Phenacogaster prolatus Lucena, Malabarba, 2010:277, figs. 7–8. Type locality: Venezuela: Amazonas: pequeno afluente do Caño Urami (próximo a Santa Lucia, depto. Río Negro , 01°17’N, 66°51’W). Holotype: MBUCV-V-33242.

Distribution: 307, 308, 314 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster retropinnus Lucena, Malabarba, 2010

Phenacogaster retropinnus Lucena , Malabarba , 2010:280, fig. 10. Type locality: Brasil, Mato Grosso: Rio Aripuanã (3 km abaixo da cachoeira Dardanelos, sistema do rio Madeira). [ Brazil]. Holotype: INPA 31367 .

Distribution: 314, 321, 322, 324 (Lucena, Malabarba (2010); Antonetti, Lucena, Lucena, 2018).

Phenacogaster simulata Lucena, Malabarba, 2010

Phenacogaster simulatus Lucena, Malabarba, 2010:283, fig. 11. Type locality: Guiana, Potaro-Siparuni: Tukeit Falls ( Rio Potaro , Mahdia 05°12’18”N, 59°26’55”W. Holotype: ROM 72774 .

Distribution: 310 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster suborbitalis Ahl, 1936

Phenacogaster suborbitalis Ahl, 1936:24 . Type locality: Ostküste Brasiliens. [ Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 20806. [Figure of the holotype in Zarske, Géry (1995, fig. 12)].

Distribution: 323 (H. J. Paepke, pers. comm.).

Remarks: Phenacogaster suborbitalis was described from a specimen donated by Johannes Paul Arnold. According to correspondences sent by Hans-Joachim Paepke (former curator of the fish collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin), Arnold was a great German aquarium hobbyist and received the specimen from an importer, but both the importer and the precise locality of the specimen are unknown. Hans-Joachim Paepke further informed that Arthur Rachow, in a report titled “ Phenacogaster suborbitalis E. Ahl ”, mentioned the locality of the species as Eastern Brazil, in small coastal-streams between the states of Pernambuco and Maceió, but Rachow did not provide the source of the information. Until now, no species of Phenacogaster was found in the area mentioned by Rachow. Two species could be considered as occurring in the “east coast of Brazil ”, P. calverti from coastal rivers in the northeast and P. franciscoensis from Rio São Francisco and Rio Paraguaçu basins. However, they differ from the holotype of P. suborbitalis in several characters. Specimens similar to the holotype of P. suborbitalis were found in northern Brazil (Rio Guamá drainage) and based on that Lucena et al. (2007) cited the distribution of the species in streams near the city of Belém, Pará State.

Phenacogaster tegatus (Eigenmann, 1911)

Vesicatrus tegatus Eigenmann, 1911c:174 , Pl. 7 (fig. 1). Type locality: Jaurú , Upper Paraguay basin. [ Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54573 . [The holotype was considered missing (Ibarra, Stewart, 1987) until the examination of photos of five paratypes ( FMNH 54573 ) from Jaurú, sent by Kevin Swagel in October 24, 2022, which allowed the identification of the holotype among them. This specimen has the peculiar contour of the humeral spot, which is identical to the illustration in Eigenmann, 1911c (plate 7, fig.1) and was reproduced in Eigenmann, 1921(plate 52, fig. 4), and it also presents a half-open mouth, like in the figure. The four remaining type-specimens were cataloged as FMNH 148667 . For other comments see Lucena, Malabarba, 2010].

Distribution: 343, 345 (Lucena, Malabarba, 2010; Casciotta et al., 2003).

Phenacogaster wayampi Le Bail , Lucena, 2010

Phenacogaster wayampi Le Bail , Lucena , in Lucena , Malabarba, 2010:287, figs. 14–15. Type locality: Guiana Francesa: Sistema do Rio Oiapoque. [ French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 1999-1457 .

Distribution: 311 (Le Bail, Lucena In Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).

Phenacogaster wayana Le Bail , Lucena, 2010

Phenacogaster wayana Le Bail , Lucena , in Lucena , Malabarba , 2010:291, figs. 19–21. Type locality: Guiana Francesa: Crique Japigny (sistema do Rio Approuague). [ French Guiana]. Holotype: MNHN 2003-2565 .

Distribution: 311 (Le Bail, Lucena, in Lucena, Malabarba, 2010).