CRENUCHIDAE Günther, 1864

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 293-310

CRENUCHIDAE Günther, 1864

PA Buckup

Crenuchina Günther, 1864:280. Type genus: Crenuchus Günther, 1863 .

Characidiinae Fowler, 1932:349 . Type genus: Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 . Additional comments: Name not defined in Fowler (1932:349), but used as valid in prevailling recent practice.

Elachocharacinae Géry, 1971:163. Type genus: Elachocharax Myers, 1927 . Additional comments: Name appeared first in a table on page 152, but the new name is formally defined on page 163.

Geisleriinae Géry, 1971:163. Type genus: Geisleria Géry, 1971 . Additional comments: Name appeared first in the title on page 153, but the new name is formally defined on page 163.

AMMOCRYPTOCHARAX Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1976

Ammocryptocharax Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1976:326 . Type species: Ammocryptocharax elegans Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1976 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Ammocryptocharax elegans Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1976

Ammocryptocharax elegans Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1976:331 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Colombia, State of Vichada, Vichada river basin, Caño Muco about 15 km west of Puerto Gaitán toward Puerto Carreno. Holotype: USNM 210692 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 315, 316 (Buckup, 1993).

Ammocryptocharax lateralis (Eigenmann, 1909)

Characidium laterale Eigenmann, 1909a:36 . Type locality: Amatuk. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 72627.

Distribution: 310 (Buckup, 1993).

Ammocryptocharax minutus Buckup, 1993

Ammocryptocharax minutus Buckup, 1993:109 , fig. 4. Type locality: Rio Urubaxi , beach near confluence with Rio Negro, 64°45’W, 0°35’S, Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43671 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 316* (Buckup, 1993; Buckup, pers. obs.).

Ammocryptocharax vintonae (Eigenmann, 1909)

Characidium vintoni Eigenmann, 1909a:36 . Type locality: Shrimp Creek . [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52756 .

Distribution: 310, 308 (Buckup, 1993).

CHARACIDIUM Reinhardt, 1867

Characidium Reinhardt, 1867:55 . Type species: Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Neuter.

Chorimycterus Cope, 1894b:67 . Type species: Chorimycterus tenuis Cope, 1894 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Nanognathus Boulenger, 1895d:2 . Type species: Nanognathus borellii Boulenger, 1895 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Poecilosomatops Fowler, 1906:323 . Type species: Characidium etheostoma Cope, 1872 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 .

Jobertina Pellegrin, 1909d:151 . Type species: Characidium (Jobertina) interruptum Pellegrin, 1909 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 .

Microcharax Eigenmann, 1909a:35 . Type species: Nannostomus lateralis Boulenger, 1895 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Geryichthys Zarske, 1997:158 . Type species: Geryichthys sterbai Zarske, 1997 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Synonymy with Characidium proposed by Melo et al., 2016:6.

Characidium alipioi Travassos, 1955 Characidium alipioi Travassos, 1955a:613 , figs. 1–12. Type locality: Ilha dos Pombos - Rio Paraíba - Estado do Rio. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 5550. Distribution: 329, 352 (Leitão, Buckup, 2014). Characidium amaila Lujan, Agudelo-Zamora, Taphorn, Booth, López-Fernández, 2013

Characidium amaila Lujan, Agudelo-Zamora, Taphorn, Booth, López-Fernández, 2013:455 , figs. 1A, 2, 4, 5. Type locality: Guyana, Region 8, Kuribrong River drainage, a tributary of the Potaro/ Essequibo River system, confluence of the Amaila and Kuribrong rivers immediately above Amaila Falls (Rapids 1), 5°22’33”N, 59°33’1”W. Holotype: CSBD 1655.

Distribution: 310 (Lujan et al., 2013).

Characidium bahiense Almeida, 1971

Characidium (Jobertina) bahiensis Almeida, 1971:112 , fig. 1. Type locality: Arembepe , Bahia. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 8940 .

Distribution: 328 (Almeida, 1971).

Characidium barbosai Flausino Junior , Lima, Machado, Melo, 2020

Characidium barbosai Flausino Junior , Lima, Machado, Melo, 2020:351, figs. 1, 3A. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, córrego Longa Vida, tributary of rio Guaporé, Serra da Borda , 14°45’35”S, 59°42’14”W. Holotype: ZUEC 17139 .

Distribution: 319 (Flausino Junior et al., 2020).

Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941

Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941b:179 , fig. 90. Type locality: Forteleza , Ceará. [Original reference to type locality is a misspelling for “Fortaleza”, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 69523 .

Distribution: 326, 327*, 328* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium boavistae Steindachner, 1915

Characidium fasciatum var. boavistae Steindachner, 1915c:30 [16], Pl. 3 (fig. 4). Type locality: dem Rio Branco , und ... einem sekundären Nebenflusse desselben, dem rio Miang. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 62427 (24), 62431–32 (19, 6), 62426 (2).

Characidium voladorita Schultz, 1944:280 , fig. 32. Type locality: 4 km. Above Motatán in the Motatán, Maracaibo Basin. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: USNM 121407 .

Distribution: 303*, 307*, 308*, 315 (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium boehlkei Géry, 1972

Characidium boehlkei Géry, 1972b:79 , Pl. 7 (fig. 1). Type locality: rio Cururay , bassin du rio Napo. [ Ecuador]. Holotype: ZMH H1624 .

Distribution: 313, 316* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium bolivianum Pearson, 1924

Characidium bolivianum Pearson, 1924:31 , Pl. 9 (fig. 3). Type locality: Popoy river, Upper Beni. [ Bolivia]. Syntypes: CAS 60253 (orig. 13, now 9), UMMZ 16688 (4), USNM 117523 [orig. IU 17301] (1). Additional material: CAS 60255 (13), CAS 60256 (2).

Distribution: 318 (Pearson, 1924).

Characidium borellii (Boulenger, 1895)

Nanognathus borellii Boulenger, 1895d:3 . Type locality: S. Pablo, prov. Tucuman. [ Argentina]. Holotype: MZUT P 2563 .

Distribution: 339 (Boulenger, 1895d).

Characidium brevirostre Pellegrin, 1909

Characidium brevirostre Pellegrin, 1909c:345 [4]. Type locality: Nord dy Brésil (Ancien Contesté franco-brésilien) [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNHN 1898-0051 .

Distribution: 311, 323 (Pellegrin, 1909c).

Remarks: Geographic distribution is uncertain.

Characidium cacah Zanata, Ribeiro, Araújo-Porto, Pessali, Oliveira-Silva, 2020

Characidium cacah Zanata, Ribeiro, Araújo-Porto, Pessali, Oliveira-Silva, 2020:506 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Jaboticatubas, rio Cipó, Serra do Cipó National Park, rio das Velhas sub-basin, rio São Francisco basin, 19°20’36.2”S, 43°36’30.4”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125765 .

Distribution: 327 (Zanata et al., 2020).

Characidium caucanum Eigenmann, 1912

Characidium caucanum Eigenmann, 1912b:25 . Type locality: Cali. [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56057.

Distribution: 302 (Eigenmann, 1912b).

Characidium chancoense Agudelo-Zamora, Ortega-Lara, Taphorn, 2020

Characidium chancoense Agudelo-Zamora, Ortega-Lara, Taphorn, 2020:250 , figs. 1, 2f, 4, 5c, 6c, 7c. Type locality: Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Ansermanuevo, upper Río Cauca drainage, Río Chanco , 4°46’30.14”N, 76°0’8.62”W. Holotype: IMCN 4528 .

Distribution: 302 (Agudelo-Zamora et al., 2020).

Characidium chicoi da Graça, Ota, Domingues, 2019

Characidium chicoi da Graça, Ota, Domingues, 2019:1481 , figs. 1,2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Itiquira Municipality, Rio Comprido, tributary of the Rio Correntes , Rio Paraguay Basin , 17°32’4.4”S, 54°25’38.9”W. Holotype: MCP 54162 .

Distribution: 343 (da Graça et al., 2019).

Characidium chupa Schultz, 1944

Characidium chupa chupa Schultz, 1944:283 , fig. 33. Type locality: Río Chama at Estanques. Estado de Merida. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: USNM 121417 .

Characidium chupa torbesensis Schultz, 1944:286 , fig. 34. Type locality: Río Torbes , 1 km. above Táriba, Orinoco drainage. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: USNM 121415 .

Distribution: 303, 307*, 308* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium clistenesi Melo, Espíndola, 2016

Characidium clistenesi Melo, Espíndola, 2016:553 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Rio Capivara , tributary of rio Paraguaçu, Chapada Diamantina, Lençóis , Bahia, Brazil, 12°27’27”S, 41°22’35.7”W. Holotype: MZUSP 120530 .

Distribution: 328 (Melo, Espíndola, 2016).

Characidium crandellii Steindachner, 1915

Characidium crandellii Steindachner, 1915c:32 [18]. Type locality: Miangflusse, einem Zuflusse des Cotingo , der, mitdem Tacutú verignigt, oberhalb Boa Vista in den Rio branco mündet. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 62673 (5), 69260 (2).

Distribution: 308, 310, 314*, 315 (Armbruster et al., 2021; Buckup, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Armbruster et al. (2021).

Characidium cricarense Malanski, Sarmento-Soares, Silva-Malanski, Lopes, Ingenito, Buckup, 2019

Characidium cricarense Malanski, Sarmento-Soares, Silva-Malanski, Lopes, Ingenito, Buckup, 2019:4 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, São Mateus municipality, São Mateus basin, rio Cricaré at Cachoeira do Inferno rapids, 18°42’24.5”S, 40°16’7.2”W, 18 m above sea level. Holotype. MNRJ 51282 .

Distribution: 328 (Malanski et al., 2019).

Characidium declivirostre Steindachner, 1915

Characidium declivirostre Steindachner, 1915c:31 [17]. Type locality: Rio Coquenan , einem Zuflusse des Rio Caroni in Venezuela. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 62442 (4).

Distribution: 308, 314*, 315* (Armbruster et al., 2021; Buckup, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Armbruster et al., (2021).

Characidium deludens Zanata, Camelier, 2015

Characidium deludens Zanata, Camelier, 2015:492 , figs. 2b, 5, 6. Type locality: Bahia, Piatã , rio Cochó, tributary of the upper rio Paraguaçu, 13°00’37”S, 41°53’14”W, 1,231 m above sea level. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 115009 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Camelier, 2015).

Characidium dule Agudelo-Zamora, Tavera, Murillo, Ortega-Lara, 2020

Characidium dule Agudelo-Zamora, Tavera, Murillo, Ortega-Lara, 2020:8 , figs. 6–7, 8c-d, 9. Type locality: Colombia, Chocó , Unguia , río Arquía, at the village of Arquía, 08°00’07.1”N, 77°06’56.2”W. Holotype: IMCN 8941 .

Distribution: 301 (Agudelo-Zamora et al., 2020).

Characidium duplicatum Armbruster, Lujan, Bloom, 2021

Characidium duplicatum Armbruster, Lujan, Bloom, 2021:113 , fig. 10. Type locality: Guyana, Region 8 (Potaro-Siparuni), Potaro-Essequibo River basin, Kuribrong River , in rapids at Grass Shoals , 05.40791, –059.53179. Holotype: CSBD F-3614 .

Distribution: 310 (Armbruster et al., 2021).

Characidium etheostoma Cope, 1872

Characidium etheostoma Cope, 1872b:259 , Pls. 8 (fig. 2), 13 (fig. 3). Type locality: Ambyiacu river [drainage], Eastern Ecuador. [Río Ampyiacu, Peru]. Lectotype: ANSP 8152 . [Designated by Fowler (1906:324, fig. 17). Treated as holotype by Böhlke (1984:46)].

Distribution: 316 (Cope, 1872b).

Characidium etzeli Zarske, Géry, 2001

Characidium etzeli Zarske, Géry, 2001c:237 , figs. 6–8. Type locality: 4 km von Bella Vista (etwa 50 km nordöstlich Encarnaçion in Richtung Rio Parana). [Correct spelling for “Encarnaçion” is Encarnación; Paraguay]. Holotype: MTD F 22650 .

Distribution: 345 ( Zarske, Géry, 2001c).

Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867

Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867:56 , Pl. 2 (figs. 1–2). Type locality: er almindelig i de fleste af de Baekke og Aaer, der falde i Rio das Velhas; ogsaa i Smaasoerne forekomme den, og jeg har navnlig erholdt flere Exemplarer Tra Soen Lagoa Santa ved den lille By af samme Navn. [...] Baek i Naerheden af den faa Miil fra Lagoa Santa liggende Landsby Sumidouro. [Buckup (1992) restricted the type locality to “Soumidouro Bakken” [= Córrego do Sumidouro], near Lagoa Santa, Município de Lagoa Santa, MG, Brazil. It is likely that the Sumidouro brook is located near the village of Sumidouro, where Reinhardt collected specimens in the first days of October (Reinhardt, 1867). According to Reinhardt, the village of Sumidouro is located a few Danish miles (“faa Miil”) from Lagoa Santa]. Lectotype: ZMUC P241103. [Designated by Buckup (1992)].

Distribution: 327, 344 (Buckup, 1992).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Buckup (1992).

Characidium geryi (Zarske, 1997)

Microcharacidium geryi Zarke, 1997:163 , figs. 5–7. Type locality: Peru, Departamento Loreto, Pucallpa, Quebrada Manatai bei der Hazienda der Familie Ramirez na der Strasse Campoverde - Nueva Requena (etwa 08°35’S, 75°50’W). Holotype: MTD F 17355 .

Distribution: 316, 317 (Zarske, 1997).

Remarks: Transferred to the genus Characidium by Melo et al. (2016).

Characidium gomesi Travassos, 1956

Characidium gomesi Travassos, 1956:3 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Córrego da Lazica - Ouro Fino - Minas Gerais - (Bacia de Mogi Guaçu). [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 8584 .

Distribution: 244 (Travassos, 1956).

Characidium grajahuensis Travassos, 1944

Characidium grajahuensis Travassos, 1944:2 , Pls. 1–6. Type locality: Riacho que abastece a caixa de água do Grajaú, Rio de Janeiro, Distrito Federal, Brasil. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 3855 .

Distribution: 352 (Travassos, 1944).

Characidium hasemani Steindachner, 1915

Characidium hasemani Steindachner, 1915a:201 . Type locality: Rio Surumú bei Serra do Mello und aus dem Rio Rupununi . [ Brazil and Guyana]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 69253–54 (3, 2).

Characidium surumuense Steindachner, 1915a:202 . Type locality: Rio Surumu, einem Nebenflusse des Rio Branco bei Serra do Mello. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (3) NMW .

Distribution: 308*, 315, 320*, 322* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Buckup, 1993:102 formally placed Characidium surumuense Steindachner, 1915 as synonym of Characidium hasemani Steindachner, 1915 which constitutes a first reviser action.

Characidium heinianum Zarske, Géry, 2001

Characidium heinianum Zarske, Géry, 2001c:231 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Bolivien, Departamento Beni, Rio Ipurupuru , Nebenfluss des Rio Mamoré, unweit de Kreuzung des Flusses na der Strasse nach San Ramon, etwa 73 km nördlich Trinidad (14°12’538”S, 64°56’268”W). [ Bolivia. Coordinates for type locality corrected by Neumann (2011:243) to 14°12.538’S, 64°56.268’W]. Holotype: MTD F 24825 .

Distribution: 318 ( Zarske, Géry, 2001c).

Characidium heirmostigmata Da Graça, Pavanelli, 2008

Characidium heirmostigmata Da Graça, Pavanelli, 2008:53 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Município de Prudentópolis, upper rio Paraná basin, rio Barra Grande, tributary to left margin of rio Ivaí, approx. 24°40’S, 51°15’W. Holotype: MZUSP 97738.

Distribution: 344 (Graça, Pavanelli, 2008).

Characidium helmeri Zanata, Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, 2015

Characidium helmeri Zanata, Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, 2015:372 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Bahia, Prado , rio Ribeirão, on road between Cumuruxatiba and Corumbau, tributary of rio Cahy, 17°00’45”S, 39°12’07”W, 17 m above sea level. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 42610 .

Distribution: 328 (Zanata et al., 2015).

Characidium iaquira Zanata, Ohara, Oyakawa, Dagosta, 2020

Characidium iaquira Zanata, Ohara, Oyakawa, Dagosta, 2020:2 , figs. 1–4a, 4c, 5. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Tapurah, stream on the road between Inhangá and Tapurah, rio Arinos drainage, rio Juruena sub basin, rio Tapajós basin, 12°23’13”S, 56°41’54”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125780 .

Distribution: 320 (Zanata et al., 2020).

Characidium interruptum Pellegrin, 1909

Characidium (Jobertina) interruptum Pellegrin, 1909d:151 . Type locality: Serra d’Estrello (Brésil). [Regan (1913a) incorrectly assigned the type locality to the State of Rio Grande do Sul, but the locality is actually located in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (see discussion in Géry, 1960b)]. Holotype: MNHN 1909- 0309 .

Characidium (Jobertina) dubia Travassos, 1952a:8 , Pls. 1–2, 4, 6–9. Type locality: Estrada Velha de Petrópolis - Baixada Fluminense - Estado do Rio de Janeiro. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 5542 .

Distribution: 352 (Pellegrin, 1909d).

Characidium japuhybense Travassos, 1949

Characidium japuhybensis Travassos, 1949a:229 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Japuhyba, Município de Angra dos Reis, Est. do Rio de Janeiro. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 5139 .

Distribution: 352 (Travassos, 1949a).

Characidium kalunga Melo, Bouquerel, Masumoto , França, Netto-Ferreira, 2021

Characidium kalunga Melo, Bouquerel, Masumoto , França, Netto-Ferreira, 2021:3, figs. 1–6. Type locality: Rio Almécegas at Cacahoeira de Almécegas II, tributary of rio dos Couros, rio Tocantins basin, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil, 14°11’11”S, 47°36’15”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125824 .

Distribution: 324 (Melo et al., 2021).

Characidium kamakan Zanata, Camelier, 2015

Characidium kamakan Zanata, Camelier, 2015:488 , figs. 1, 2a. Type locality: Bahia, Camacan, rio Panelão on the road between Camacan and Jacareci, rio Pardo basin, 15°25’16”S, 39°31’48”W, 162 m above sea level. Holotype: MZUSP 115000 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Camelier, 2015).

Characidium krenak Oliveira-Silva, Santos, Lopes, Zanata, 2022

Characidium krenak Oliveira-Silva, Santos, Lopes, Zanata, 2022:3 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Caranaíba, rio dos Costas, tributary of rio Piranga sub-basin, upper rio Doce basin, 20°51’37”S, 43°43’11”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125896 .

Distribution: 328 (Oliveira-Silva, Santos, Lopes, Zanata, 2022).

Characidium lagosantense Travassos, 1947

Characidium lagosantensis Travassos, 1947:23 , Pls. 6–9. Type locality: Lagoa Santa. Estado de Minas Gearis. Brasil. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 4582 .

Distribution: 327 (Travassos, 1947).

Characidium lanei Travassos, 1967

Characidium lanei Travassos, 1967:45 , fig. 2. Type locality: Fazenda Poço Grande , Juquiá, São Paulo. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 6185 .

Distribution: 330 (Travassos, 1967).

Characidium laterale (Boulenger, 1895)

Nannostomus lateralis Boulenger, 1895d:2 . Type locality: Colonia Risso. [ Paraguay]. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.1.30.16–19 (4 or 5); MSNG 35133 (1); MZUT 1349 (2), 1044 (many), 1400 (1), 2565 (?).

Distribution: 343 (Boulenger, 1895d).

Characidium lauroi Travassos, 1949

Characidium lauroi Travassos, 1949b:87 , figs. 1–10. Type locality: Rio das Pedras, Fazenda Penedo, Agulhas Negras (Rezende), Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 5529 .

Distribution: 329 (Travassos, 1949b).

Characidium litorale Leitão, Buckup, 2014

Characidium litorale Leitão, Buckup, 2014:15 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, mun. Casimiro de Abreu, Córrego Aldeia Velha, tributary of Rio São João , under the Aldeia Velha road bridge, near Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Bom Retiro , 22°28’03.00”S, 42°17’51.00”W. Holotype: MNRJ 38929 .

Distribution: 352 (Leitão, Buckup, 2014).

Characidium longum Taphorn , Montaña, Buckup, 2006

Characidium longum Taphorn , Montaña, Buckup, 2006:3, fig. 1. Type locality: Venezuela: Apure, Rio Capanaparo drainage: Caño La Guardia (06.84000°N, 67.32500°W). Holotype: MCNG 53371 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314 (Taphorn et al., 2006).

Characidium marshi Breder, 1925

Characidium marshi Breder, 1925:5 , fig. 5. Type locality: Rio Sucubti , Darien, Panama. Holotype: AMNH 8405 .

Distribution: 210 (Breder, 1925).

Characidium mirim Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, Buckup, 2013

Characidium mirim Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, Buckup, 2013:362 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, rio das Mortes, at bridge on road between Chapada dos Guimarães and Campo Verde, 15°30’20”S, 55°13’38”W. Holotype: MZUSP 111123 .

Distribution: 324 (Netto-Ferreira et al., 2013).

Characidium nambiquara Zanata, Ohara, 2020

Characidium nambiquara Zanata, Ohara, 2020:2 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Comodoro, igarapé Piolhinho on road BR 174 , ca. 12 km from Comodoro on the way to Nova Lacerda , immediately below the reservoir of the Usina Real Norte (small hydroelectric dam), upper rio Guaporé drainage, rio Madeira basin, 13°46’50”S, 59°46’10”W. Holotype: MZUSP 118566 .

Distribution: 319 (Zanata, Ohara, 2020).

Characidium nana Mendonça, Netto-Ferreira, 2015

Characidium nana Mendonça, Netto-Ferreira, 2015:188 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Rio 13 de Maio, approximately 40 km from Castelo dos Sonhos, 8°38’54.65”S, 55°1’45.04”W. Holotype: MPEG 31838 .

Distribution: 316, 322 (Mendonça, Netto-Ferreira, 2015).

Characidium nupelia Da Graça, Pavanelli, Buckup, 2008

Characidium nupelia Da Graça, Pavanelli, Buckup, 2008:326 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Rosário Oeste, Córrego Forquilha, tributary to Rio Manso (downstream from Manso Reservoir ), upper Rio Paraguay basin, 14°44’58”S, 56°07’39”W. Holotype: MZUSP 87743 .

Distribution: 343 (Graça et al., 2008).

Characidium occidentale Buckup, Reis, 1997

Characidium occidentale Buckup, Reis, 1997:532 , fig. 1A. Type locality: arroio Canoin (approximately 28°07’S, 55°13’W) on road between Pirapó and São Nicolau, mn. São Nicolau, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 17585 .

Distribution: 332 (Buckup, Reis, 1997).

Characidium oiticicai Travassos, 1967

Characidium oiticicai Travassos, 1967:47 , fig. 1. Type locality: Paranapiacaba , São Paulo. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 9480 .

Distribution: 344 (Travassos, 1967).

Characidium onca Melo, Brito, Ribeiro , Lima, 2021

Characidium onca Melo, Brito, Ribeiro , Lima , 2021:4, figs. 1–4. Type locality: Brazil, Distrito Federal , Brasília , córrego Taquara at Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, tributary of ribeirão Gama , tributary of Lago Paranoá, tributary of the left bank of rio São Bartolomeu, upper rio Paraná basin, 15°54’55.04”S, 47°54’23.87”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125807 .

Distribution: 344 (Melo et al., 2021).

Characidium orientale Buckup, Reis, 1997

Characidium orientale Buckup, Reis, 1997:535 , fig. 1B. Type locality: arroio Chasqueiro on road ( BR116 ) between Pelotas and Arroio Grande, mun. Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (approximately 32°09’S, 53°03’W). Holotype: MCP 16847 .

Distribution: 334 (Buckup, Reis, 1997).

Characidium papachibe Peixoto, Wosiacki, 2013

Characidium papachibe Peixoto, Wosiacki, 2013:52 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, State of Pará , Juruti , unnamed stream left tributary to Rio Aruã, left tributary to Rio Arapiuns, itself a left tributary to Rio Tapajós, 02°34’31.9”S, 55°54’16.1”W. Holotype: MPEG 19612 .

Distribution: 316 (Peixoto, Wosiacki, 2013).

Characidium pellucidum Eigenmann, 1909

Characidium pellucidum Eigenmann, 1909a:39 . Type locality: Gluck Island . [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52764 .

Distribution: 310, 311* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium phoxocephalum Eigenmann, 1912

Characidium phoxocephalum Eigenmann, 1912b:26 . Type locality: Paila. [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56061.

Distribution: 302 (Eigenmann, 1912b).

Characidium pteroides Eigenmann, 1909

Characidium pteroides Eigenmann, 1909a:40 . Type locality: Konawaruk. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53548.

Distribution: 310 (Eigenmann, 1909a).

Characidium pterostictum Gomes, 1947

Characidium pterostictum Gomes, 1947:18 , Pl. 1 (fig. 3). Type locality: Rio Maquiné , a tributary of Lagôa dos Quadros, Conceição do Arroio County, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: UMMZ 143289 .

Distribution: 330*, 331*, 335, 334*, 332*, 342*, 343*, 345* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium pumarinri Teixeira, Melo, 2020

Characidium pumarinri Teixeira, Melo, 2020:2 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Perú, Departamento de Huánuco, provincial de Leoncio Prado, ciudad de Tingo Maria, Quebrada Uli, a tributary of Río Huallaga, Río Huallaga basin, 09°14’29.34”S, 76°00’34.3”W. Holotype: MUSM 69364 .

Distribution: 313 (Teixeira, Melo, 2020).

Characidium purpuratum Steindachner, 1882

Characidium purpuratum Steindachner, 1882b:142 . Type locality: Canelos. [ Ecuador]. Syntypes: NMW 69264 (4).

Distribution: 313 (Steindachner, 1882b).

Characidium rachovii Regan, 1913

Characidium (Jobertina) rachovii Regan, 1913a:231 . Type locality: Paranagua , Brazil. [Type locality corrected to Vila da Quinta, Município de Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, by Buckup, Malabarba (1990)]. Syntypes: BMNH 1913.1.1.15–17 (3).

Characidium (Jobertina) theageri Travassos, 1952a:22 , Pls. 1, 3, 6–9. Type locality: Paissandu - Uruguai. Holotype: MNRJ 4661 .

Distribution: 334*, 332*, 342*, 343*, 345* (Travassos, 1952a; Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium roesseli Géry, 1965

Characidium roesseli Géry, 1965c:201 , Pl. 18 (fig. 16), fig. 7. Type locality: Igarapé Preto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km em aval de Leticia. [ Brazil]. Holotype: SMF 7213 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1965c).

Characidium samurai Zanata, Camelier, 2014

Characidium samurai Zanata, Camelier, 2014:333 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Piraí do Norte , rio do Peixe, tributary of rio das Almas, 13°46’35”S, 39°23’40”W. Holotype: MZUSP 108188 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Camelier, 2014).

Characidium sanctjohanni Dahl, 1960

Characidium sanctjohanni Dahl, 1960b:477 , figure. Type locality: Noanamá, Río San Juan. [Colombia]. Holotype: ICN-MHN 211. [Agudelo-Zamora et al., 2014].

Distribution: 301 (Dahl, 1960b).

Characidium satoi Melo, Oyakawa, 2015

Characidium satoi Melo, Oyakawa, 2015:282 , figs. 2, 4. Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, mun. Três Marias, Córrego Curral das Éguas, tributary of Rio Abaeté, Rio São Francisco basin, 18°07’13”S, 45°24’52”W. Holotype: MZUSP 114614 .

Distribution: 327 (Melo, Oyakawa, 2015).

Characidium schindleri Zarske, Géry, 2001

Characidium schindleri Zarske, Géry, 2001c:234 , figs. 4–5. Type locality: Bolivien, linker Nebenfluss zum Palmar, 114 km. [ Bolivia. Neumann (2011:244 located type locality at approximately at 17°0’47.00”S, 65°18’25.00”W]. Holotype: ZSM 29470 .

Distribution: 318 ( Zarske, Géry, 2001c).

Characidium schubarti Travassos, 1955

Characidium schubarti Travassos, 1955b:365 , figs. 1–8. Type locality: Córrego entre Murtinhos e Jaguariaíva - Paraná. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 8853 .

Distribution: 344 (Travassos, 1955b).

Characidium serrano Buckup, Reis, 1997

Characidium serrano Buckup, Reis, 1997:541 , fig. 4A. Type locality: rio Jacutinga on road ( BR283 ) between Seara and Concórdia, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil (approximately 27°10’S, 52°09’W). Holotype: MCP 12488 .

Distribution: 333 (Buckup, Reis, 1997).

Characidium steindachneri Cope, 1878

Characidium steindachneri Cope, 1878:688 . Type locality: Peruvian Amazon. [Several localities are mentioned in the article where the species was described, and the original description does not specify which one is the type locality, but indicates that the specimens were collected in 1873; in the begining of the article the author states that most specimens collected in 1873 came from Nauta, Peru]. Holotype: ANSP 21428. [Fowler (1906:325, fig. 18); Böhlke (1984:54)].

Characidium catenatum Eigenmann, 1909a:40 . Type locality: Warraputa. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 52761.

Characidium ladigesi Géry, 1972b:77 , Pl. 6 (figs. 1–2). Type locality: rio Villano. [ Ecuador]. Holotype: ZMH H1864 .

Distribution: 307*, 308*, 310*, 314*, 316, 318*, 319*, 320*, 321* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Precise distribution is unknown, because species limits are poorly known.

Characidium sterbai (Zarske, 1997)

Geryichthys sterbai Zarske, 1997:159 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Peru, Departamento Loreto, Rio Huacamayo, nahe Aguaytia (etwa 09°00’S, 75°29’W). Holotype: MTD F 17561 .

Distribution: 317 (Zarske, 1997).

Characidium stigmosum Melo, Buckup, 2002

Characidium stigmosum Melo, Buckup, 2002:988 , fig. 1. Type locality: Small stream tributary of córrego Ave Maria, near Santo Antônio farm headquarters, 14 km north of Cavalcante, mun. Cavalcante, Goiás, 13°47’S, 47°30’W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 40804.

Distribution: 324 (Melo, Buckup, 2002).

Characidium summum Zanata, Ohara, 2015

Characidium summus Zanata, Ohara, 2015:369 , figs. 1a, 2–3. Type locality: Brazil, Rondônia, Guajará-Mirim, upper rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré , rio Madeira basin, 10°50’46.29”S, 63°37’47.29”W. Holotype: MZUSP 116954 .

Distribution: 321 ( Zanata, Ohara, 2015).

Characidium tapuia Zanata, Ramos, Oliveira-Silva, 2018

Characidium tapuia Zanata, Ramos, Oliveira-Silva, 2018:78 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Maranhão, Loreto, creek tributary of rio Balsas , at the road between Loreto and Buritirana, Fazenda Fogoso, 06°59’34”S, 45°11’07”W, 275 m a.s.l. Holotype: UFPB 11604 .

Distribution: 325 ( Zanata, Ramos, Oliveira-Silva, 2018).

Characidium tatama Agudelo-Zamora, Tavera, Murillo, Ortega-Lara, 2020

Characidium tatama Agudelo-Zamora, Tavera, Murillo, Ortega-Lara, 2020:5 , figs. 3–4, 8a–b. Type locality: Colombia, Chocó , San José Del Palmar, río Ingará by the bridge, 04°55’13.39”N, 76°12’21.48”W. Holotype: IMCN 8925 .

Distribution: 301 (Agudelo-Zamora et al., 2020).

Characidium tenue (Cope, 1894)

Chorimycterus tenuis Cope, 1894b:67 . Type locality: upper waters of the Jacuhy [= Jacuí] river. [The detailed description of this species (Cope, 1894b) references to the description of the genus Chorymycterus Cope (1894) , which indicates that the specimens were collected in the “upper waters of the Jacuhy River”, Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 21576. [Fowler (1906:325); Böhlke (1984:55)].

Distribution: 332*, 334 (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium timbuiense Travassos, 1946

Characidium timbuiensis Travassos, 1946:3 , Pls. 1–4. Type locality: Córrego Valssungana - Tributário do Rio Timbuí - próximo a Santa Tereza - Município de Santa Teresa - Estado do Espírito Santo - Brasil - 785m de altitude. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 4285 .

Distribution: 328 (Travassos, 1946).

Characidium travassosi Melo, Buckup, Oyakawa, 2016

Characidium travassosi Melo, Buckup, Oyakawa, 2016 :[2], figs. 1, 3a–c. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Reserva do Iguaçu, rio das Torres, a small tributary of rio Jordão , rio Iguaçu basin, 38 km southeast of Pinhão, 25°48’28”S, 51°59’01”W. Holotype: MZUSP 85940 .

Distribution: 330, 346 (Melo et al., 2016).

Characidium vestigipinne Buckup, Hahn, 2000

Characidium vestigipinne Buckup, Hahn, 2000:151 , fig. 1. Type locality: headwaters of rio Caraguatá (approximately 28°9’S, 52°18’W) approximately 200 m from RS-135 highway, at Fazenda [5 farm] Dückel, município Coxilha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 20317 .

Distribution: 333 (Buckup, Hahn, 2000).

Characidium vidali Travassos, 1967

Characidium vidali Travassos, 1967:49 , figs. 3–4. Type locality: Rio Soberbo , Barreira (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, 400 m), 3° distrito de Magé, Rio de Janeiro. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 9757 .

Distribution: 329*, 352 (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Characidium wangyapoik Armbruster, Lujan, Bloom, 2021

Characidium wangyapoik Armbruster, Lujan, Bloom, 2021:117 , figs. 1A, 11–12. Type locality: Guyana (border with Brazil), Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8), Amazon River basin, Ireng River, first shoal upriver from split with Sukwabi Creek, 5.07711, –59.97423. Holotype: CSBD F-3615 .

Distribution: 315 (Armbruster et al., 2021).

Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, da Graça, Pavanelli, Buckup, 2008

Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, da Graça, Pavanelli, Buckup, 2008:170 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Mun. Caldas Novas, riacho outside of Parque Estadual de Caldas Novas , 17°46’9”S, 48°39’19”W. Holotype: DZSJRP 10474.

Distribution: 324, 344 (Silveira et al., 2008).

Characidium xavante Da Graça, Pavanelli, Buckup, 2008

Characidium xavante Da Graça, Pavanelli, Buckup, 2008:329 , figs. 4–5. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Primavera do Leste, Córrego Xavante , on the road from MT-130 to Culuene dam, upper Rio Xingu basin, 14°38’24”S, 53°55’38”W. Holotype: LIRP 5285 .

Distribution: 322, 320 (Da Graça et al., 2008; Da Graça et al., 2021).

Characidium zebra Eigenmann, 1909

Characidium zebra Eigenmann, 1909a:38 . Type locality: Maripicru, a branch of the Ireng. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53547.

Characidium fasciadorsale Fowler, 1914a:233 , fig. 3. Type locality: Rupununi River, British Guiana. [According to the original description, the type locality is situated “in North Latitude 2° to 3°, and West Longitude 50°20’”, but the longitude value is incorrect. The longitude of the Rupununi river at the stated latitude is at least 58°50’W, Guyana (Buckup, unpublished)]. Holotype: ANSP 39317 [not 39307]. [Catalog numbers of type specimens corrected by Böhlke (1984)].

Distribution: 307*, 309*, 310, 314*, 315*, 316*, 318*, 319*, 320*, 321*, 322*, 324* (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Precise distribution is unknown, because species limits are poorly known.

Species inquirenda ( Characidium )

Leporinus macrolepidotus Peters, 1868b:455 . Type locality: Rio de Janeiro. [ Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 6774 . [Géry et al. (2001) and Zarske (2012a) presented information on the holotype]. Remarks: Precise distribution is unknown because species is still undelimited.

CRENUCHUS Günther, 1863

Crenuchus Günther, 1863:443 . Type species: Crenuchus spilurus Günther, 1863 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Crenuchus spilurus Günther, 1863

Crenuchus spilurus Günther, 1863:443 . Type locality: Essequibo, Guiana. [ Guyana]. Holotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.92.

Distribution: 307*, 308*, 310, 311*, 314*, 315*, 316* (Buckup, 1993; Buckup, pers. obs.).

ELACHOCHARAX Myers, 1927

Elachocharax Myers, 1927:114 . Type species: Elachocharax pulcher Myers, 1927 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Geisleria Géry, 1971:154 . Type species: Geisleria junki Géry, 1971 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Elachocharax geryi Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1978

Elachocharax geryi Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1978:173 , figs. 9–14. Type locality: Brazil, State of Amazonas , Rio Negro, Lago Paricatuba (3°7’S, 60°30’W). Holotype: MZUSP 13249 .

Distribution: 307, 314 (Buckup, 1993).

Elachocharax junki (Géry, 1971)

Geisleria junki Géry, 1971:154 , fig. 2. Type locality: rio Novo , affluent du rio Jamari à enviiron 45 km à l’est de Porto Velho sur le rio Madeira, Territorio Guaporé, Brésil. 63°30’ long. ouest, 8°46’ lat. Sud. [“Territorio de Guaporé ” is currently the State of Rondônia, Brazil]. Holotype: MHNG 2229.07 .

Distribution: 314, 321 (Buckup, 1993).

Elachocharax mitopterus Weitzman, 1986

Elachocharax mitopterus Weitzman, 1986:740 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Departamento Río Negro , Caño Chola , where crossed by road from San Carlos de Río Negro to Solano , about 01°58’N, 67°00’W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-15270.

Distribution: 308, 314 (Buckup, 1993).

Elachocharax pulcher Myers, 1927

Elachocharax pulcher Myers, 1927:115 . Type locality: Venezuela: Caño de Quiribana , near Caicara. Holotype: CAS 44250.

Elachocharax georgiae Géry, 1965c:204 , Pl. 18 (fig. 18), figs. 8–9. Type locality: Igarapé Preto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km em aval de Leticia. [ Brazil]. Holotype: SMF 7215 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 316 (Buckup, 1993).

KLAUSEWITZIA Géry, 1965

Klausewitzia Géry, 1965c:198 . Type species: Klausewitzia ritae Géry, 1965 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Klausewitzia ritae Géry, 1965

Klausewitzia ritae Géry, 1965c:199 , Pl. 18 (fig. 17), figs. 5–6. Type locality: Igarapé Preto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km en aval de Leticia. [ Brazil]. Holotype: SMF 7201 [not 7202].

Distribution: 316 (Buckup, 1993).

LEPTOCHARACIDIUM Buckup, 1993

Leptocharacidium Buckup, 1993:103 . Type species: Leptocharacidium omospilus Buckup, 1993 . Type by original designation. Gender: Neuter.

Leptocharacidium omospilus Buckup, 1993 Leptocharacidium omospilus Buckup, 1993:103 , fig. 2. Type locality: mouth of left bank tributary (“white river”) of Río Mawarinuma (= Río Baria ), 5 km upstream of Neblina expedition base camp (66°10’W, 0°55’N, 120 m elevation), Departamento Río Negro , Territorio Federal del Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: AMNH 98287 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314 (Buckup, 1993).

MELANOCHARACIDIUM Buckup, 1993

Melanocharacidium Buckup, 1993:113 . Type species: Characidium blennioides Eigenmann, 1909 . Type by original designation. Gender: Neuter.

Melanocharacidium auroradiatum Costa, Vicente, 1994

Melanocharacidium auroradiatum Costa , Vicente , 1994:68, fig. 1. Type locality: Brésil: Estado de Goiás, um petit affluent du rio Verde, bassin du rio Araguaia, 1 km S de São Miguel do Araguaia, 13°22’S, 50°15’W. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 12444 .

Distribution: 324 (Costa, Vicente, 1994).

Melanocharacidium blennioides (Eigenmann, 1909)

Characidium blennioides Eigenmann, 1909a:37 . Type locality: Erukin , tributary of the Potaro above Kangaruma. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 71043 .

Distribution: 310 (Buckup, 1993).

Melanocharacidium compressum Buckup, 1993

Melanocharacidium compressus Buckup, 1993:114 , fig. 5. Type locality: backwater of Río Orinoco , 66°28’W, 3°4’N, behind sand playa, circa 1/2 hour upstream from Isla Temblador, Territorio Federal del Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 161666 .

Distribution: 307, 308 (Buckup, 1993).

Remarks: Name as published in Buckup, 1993:114 is a typo. Correct name should be Melanocharacidium compressum , as in all illustrations of original descriptions.

Melanocharacidium depressum Buckup, 1993

Melanocharacidium depressum Buckup, 1993:117 , fig. 7. Type locality: Cachoeira Morena , Rio Uatumã [approximately 2°10’S, 59°30’W], Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 1738 .

Distribution: 316 (Buckup, 1993).

Melanocharacidium dispilomma Buckup, 1993

Melanocharacidium dispilomma Buckup, 1993:120 , fig. 8. Type locality: Cachoeira Morena , Rio Uatumã [approximately 2°10’S, 59°30’W], Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 6628 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 315, 316, 320, 322, 324 (Buckup, 1993; Buckup, pers. obs.).

Melanocharacidium melanopteron Buckup, 1993

Melanocharacidium melanopteron Buckup, 1993:125 , fig. 10. Type locality: Río Caroni , below Guri dam, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 26957 .

Distribution: 308 (Buckup, 1993).

Melanocharacidium nigrum Buckup, 1993

Melanocharacidium nigrum Buckup, 1993:128 , fig. 12. Type locality: Rio Mucajaí , upstream of Ilha do Paredão, Território Federal de Roraima, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 1681 .

Distribution: 315, 316 (Buckup, 1993).

Melanocharacidium pectorale Buckup, 1993

Melanocharacidium pectorale Buckup, 1993:130 , fig. 13. Type locality: Cachoeira

Morena , Rio Uatumã [approximately 2°10’S, 59°30’W], Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 6629 .

Distribution: 308, 314, 315, 316 (Buckup, 1993).

Melanocharacidium rex (Böhlke, 1958)

Characidium rex Böhlke, 1958a:92 , Pl. 5 (fig. 7). Type locality: Chicherota region , not far from the mouth of Río Bobonaza, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 75949 .

Distribution: 313 (Böhlke, 1958a).

MICROCHARACIDIUM Buckup, 1993

Microcharacidium Buckup, 1993:137 . Type species: Jobertina eleotrioides Géry, 1960 . Type by original designation. Gender: Neuter.

Microcharacidium bombioides Vieira, Netto-Ferreira, 2021

Microcharacidium bombioides Vieira, Netto-Ferreira, 2021:58 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas , Novo Airão, Rio Negro basin (02°37’17”S, 60°56’39”W). Holotype: UFRGS 28560 .

Distribution: 314, 316 ( Vieira, Netto-Ferreira, 2021).

Microcharacidium eleotrioides (Géry, 1960)

Jobertina eleotrioides Géry, 1960b:4 , figs. 2–3, photo p. 6. Type locality: little brook between “St. Patawa” and “St. Grand Bacou”, Middle-Mana , French Guiana, (between 4– 5°N and 53– 54°W). Holotype: MNHG 2201.13 .

Distribution: 311 (Buckup, 1993).

Microcharacidium gnomus Buckup, 1993

Microcharacidium gnomus Buckup, 1993:137 , fig. 16. Type locality: Small stream ( Río Orinoco drainage), 5°58’S, 67°36’W, between Rio Paraiba [= Pacia] Grande and Puerto Ayacucho , ca. 25 km from Puerto Ayacucho , Departamento Ature, Territorio Federal del Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-21790.

Distribution: 307, 308, 314 (Buckup, 1993).

Microcharacidium weitzmani Buckup, 1993

Microcharacidium weitzmani Buckup, 1993:141 , fig. 18. Type locality: Small “caño”( Río Orinoco drainage), 5°25’W, 67°46’N, 2 km south of Mirabel, Río Orinoco drainage, on road between Puerto Ayacucho and Samariapo, Departamento Ature, Territorio Federal del Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-21796.

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 316, 323 (Buckup, 1993).

ODONTOCHARACIDIUM Buckup, 1993

Odontocharacidium Buckup, 1993:136 . Type species: Klausewitzia aphanes Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1977 . Type by original designation. Gender: Neuter.

Odontocharacidium aphanes ( Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1977)

Klausewitzia aphanes Weitzman, Kanazawa, 1977:151 , figs. 1–6. Type locality: São João , near Tapurucuara [0°25’N, 65°0’W], from a secondary stream (“ígarapé”) in terra firma Rio Negro drainage [Município de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro], Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 12978 .

Distribution: 307, 308, 314, 316 (Buckup, 1993).

Odontocharacidium varii Queiroz Rodrigues, Netto-Ferreira, 2020

Odontocharacidium varii Queiroz Rodrigues, Netto-Ferreira, 2020:3 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Venezuela, Río Negro Municipality , Río Orinoco , Caño Chola , where it crosses the road from San Carlos de Río Negro to Solano, 1°58’00”N, 67°00’00”W. Holotype: MHNLS 26156 .

Distribution: 308, 314 (Queiroz Rodrigues, Netto-Ferreira, 2020).

POECILOCHARAX Eigenmann, 1909

Poecilocharax Eigenmann, 1909a:34 . Type species: Poecilocharax bovalii Eigenmann, 1909 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Key to species in Ohara, Pastana, Camelier, 2022.

Poecilocharax bovaliorum Eigenmann, 1909

Poecilocharax bovalii Eigenmann, 1909a:34 . Type locality: Creek at Savannah Landing. [ Guyana]. Holotype: FMNH 53544 .

Distribution: 308*, 310 (Buckup, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Original name has been emended because it refers to a patronym in plural form.

Poecilocharax callipterus Ohara, Pastana, Camelier, 2022

Poecilocharax callipterus Ohara, Pastana, Camelier, 2022:5 . Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State , Apuí , tributary of Rio Canadá, Rio Juma , Rio Aripuanã drainage, Rio Madeira Basin, road AM 174 between Apui and Novo Aripuanã towns, 6°51’36”S, 59°58’36”W, 140 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Holotype: MZUSP 121650 .

Distribution: 321 (Ohara, Pastana, Camelier, 2022).

Poecilocharax rhizophilus Ohara, Pastana, Camelier, 2022

Poecilocharax rhizophilus Ohara, Pastana, Camelier, 2022:14 , figs. 12–14. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State , Apuí , Igarapé Mutum, tributary of the Rio Juma , Rio Aripuanã drainage, Rio Madeira basin, Apuí, Amazonas State, Brazil, 7°14’58”S, 59°58’40”W, 123 m a.s.l. Holotype: MZUSP 121652 .

Distribution: 321 (Ohara et al., 2022).

Poecilocharax weitzmani Géry, 1965

Poecilocharax weitzmani Géry, 1965c:207 , Pl. 18 (fig. 19), figs. 10–11. Type locality: Igarapé Preto, collatéral de l’Amazone supérieure près de Belem, à environ 60 km em aval de Leticia. [ Brazil]. Holotype: SMF 7332 .

Distribution: 308*, 314*, 316 (Buckup, pers. obs.).

SKIOTOCHARAX Presswell, Weitzman, Bergquist, 2000

Skiotocharax Presswell, Weitzman, Bergquist, 2000:178 . Type species: Skiotocharax meizon Presswell, Weitzman, Bergquist, 2000 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Skiotocharax meizon Presswell, Weitzman, Bergquist, 2000

Skiotocharax meizon Presswell, Weitzman, Bergquist, 2000:185 , figs. 1–6. Type locality: Guyana: tributary of the Mazaruni River , upstream of Aruwai Falls; approximately 6°18’45”N, 60°35’41”W. Holotype: CSBD uncat.

Distribution: 310 (Presswel et al., 2000).