Cleistopholis glauca Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901

Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, PhytoKeys 207, pp. 1-532 : 87-89

Cleistopholis glauca Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901

Figs 21 , 23 ; Map 3C

= Cleistopholis grandiflora De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 1(1): 39, 1903. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinshasa, Région de Kimuenza, Gérard P. s.n., Oct 1900: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820327]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820655].

= Cleistopholis bequaertii De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. i.; 464, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu, Walikale - Lubutu, Bequaert J.C.C. 6624, 15 Jan 1915: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820402]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820396].

Type.

Gabon. Estuaire; Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 376, Apr 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0154073]; isotypes: K[K000198885, K000198884]; P[P00362650, P00362649, P00362652]; MPU[MPU011662] .

Description.

Tree, 10-35 m tall, d.b.h. 80 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5-15 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1.5 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate, subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, axillary, peduncule distinct 2-10 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-18 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 15-35 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 3, all basal, basal bracts 1-2 mm long, 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals 3, 10-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 2-4 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, ovate to orbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 20 to 30, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 24, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma flat, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 18-30 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 8, 18-30 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, finely warty, not bumpy, green when ripe; seed (1 to) 2 per monocarp, 15-25 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent.

Distribution.

Central Africa; from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from South, Central, Littoral, South-West and East regions, with one collection from Adamaoua region.

Habitat.

A very common species, mainly growing as a pioneer species in disturbed areas and along forest margins. Altitude 100-1200 m a.s.l.

Local and common names known in Cameroon.

None recorded.

IUCN conservation status.

Least Concern (LC) ( Cosiaux et al. 2019f).

Uses in Cameroon.

None recorded.

Notes.

Closely resembles C. patens , see below for differences.

Specimens examined.

Adamaoua Region: A 80 km au SO de Banyo-Plaine Tikar, 6.75°N, 11.82°E, 27 June 1969, Biholong M. 219 (P,YA). Central Region : Feup ( Yaoundé), 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 July 1917, Chevalier A.J.B. 33473 (P,WAG); near Ebolbom village 3 km est of Ngoumou 2 km north west of Otélé, 3.59°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 430 (MPU,WAG,YA); Avom, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 57 (P). East Region : Bertoua, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 17 February 1960, Letouzey R. 3036 (P,YA); Region de Moloundou , 2.05°N, 15.17°E, 01 August 1949, SRFK 1372 (P,YA). Littoral Region : 18 km SEof Douala along road to Ndonga (=old to Edea), 4.05°N, 9.71°E, 20 August 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 6467 (B,BR,C,GC,K,L,LUAI,MO,P,UC,WAG,YA). South Region : 20 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.05°N, 10.05°E, 09 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4784 (B,BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,POZG,WAG,YA); on road between Campo and Kribi, 2.62°N, 9.847°E, 16 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 389 (WAG,YA); Rocher du Loup km 36 road Kribi-Campo, 2.61°N, 9.85°E, 06 January 1983, de Kruif A.P.M. 1046 (MO,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area 2.73°N, 9.873°E, 13 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3846 (KRIBI,WAG,YA). South-West Region : Mungo River F.R., 4.78°N, 9.566°E, 02 December 1999, Cheek M. 10229 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Ntali, 5.25°N, 9.576°E, 01 December 2000, Etuge M. 4873 (K); Nyandong-forest above village, 4.98°N, 9.585°E, 20 March 2003, Etuge M. 4917 (K); Forest and forest relictss near Mundemba, 4.96°N, 8.916°E, 16 January 1985, Thomas D.W. 4200 (P); Near Mundemba town, 4.96°N, 8.916°E, 12 May 1986, Thomas D.W. 6121 (MO,P,WAG,YA) .

Figures

Map 3. A Artabotrys velutinus B Brieya fasciculata C Cleistopholis glauca D Cleistopholis myristiciflora E Cleistopholis patens F Cleistopholis staudtii G Dennettia tripetala H Duguetia barteri I Duguetia confinis. White borders represent region limits in Cameroon; green patches represent protected areas (see methods and Suppl. material 1: Fig. S 1).

Figure 21. Cleistopholis glauca A flowering branch, note long petioles B detail of inflorescence C flower, top view, note imbricate inner petals D internal petal, inner view E detail of receptacle, top view F stamen, front and side views G carpel, side view and view of ovules H fruit, note smooth monocarps I longitudinal section of seed A-G from Le Testu 8786; 8 from Klaine 41. Drawings by Helene Lamourdedieu, Publications Scientifiques du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; modified from Le Thomas (1969 b, pl. 15, p. 89).

Figure 23. Cleistopholis glauca A habit, note long drooping branches B flowers, top view, inner petals imbricate, not opened yet C fruit, note smooth monocarps D flowering branch, inner petals open revealing receptacle. Cleistopholis patens E trunk F base of leaf blades, upper view. Cleistopholis staudtii G leaf, top view, note long petioles H leaf, lower view I flowering branch, note long linear outer petals A-C Sosef 2036, Gabon D Couvreur 389, Ebodje, Cameroon E, F Couvreur 1202, Masea, Cameroon G-I Couvreur 570, Gabon. Photos Thomas L. P. Couvreur.