Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915

Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Zorić, Ljiljana Šašić, Likov, Laura, Tot, Tamara, Veselić, Sanja & Djan, Mihajla, 2021, Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies, European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1), pp. 88-135 : 111-115

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1401
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8C5C34F-CCBB-420B-9319-1DA224A5D783
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5013400
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07B6D1E-FFF2-2B58-DA0A-FEFEFEBDFE0F
treatment provided by	Felipe (2021-06-22 13:08:24, last updated 2024-12-09 16:58:10)
scientific name	Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915
status

Treatment

Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915 View in CoL

Figs 1 View Fig , 4F View Fig , 5F View Fig , 6F View Fig , 9F View Fig , 10F View Fig , 11F View Fig , 12F View Fig , 14E View Fig , 15E View Fig , 16E View Fig , 18D View Fig , 19D–F View Fig , 20 View Fig , 23A–B View Fig

Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915: 102 View in CoL (type locality: Kenya, Njoro).

Diagnosis

Small (6–7 mm), black species with narrow, white pollinose, tergal fasciae. Oral margin distinctly protruded ( Fig. 9F View Fig ); face and frons without pollinosity, except narrow vitta along eye margins; terga 2–4 with medial pollinose fasciae ( Figs 5F View Fig , 14E View Fig ); tergum 4 covered with whitish to yellowish pile; male genitalia with S-shaped posterior lobe of surstyle, gradually narrowing toward tip ( Fig. 19D View Fig : pl), anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 19D View Fig : ams). Differs from Merodon bombiformis , M. vittatus sp. nov., M. multifasciatus and M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov. by absence of distinct pollinose vittae on scutum (conspicuous in these four species); narrow medial pollinose fasciae on terga 3 and 4 (broad in M. vittatus sp. nov., M. multifasciatus and M. zebra sp. nov.) and male genitalia with moderately broad posterior lobe of surstylus, narrower than in M. multifasciatus , but broader than in M. vittatus sp. nov. and M. zebra sp. nov. ( Figs 7A, D View Fig : pl, 19D: pl). Similar to M. lotus sp. nov. from which differs in presence of distinct medial pollinose fasciae on terga 2 and 3 (absent in males and indistinct in female of M. lotus sp. nov.) and more protruded oral margin ( Fig. 9E–F View Fig ).

Material examined

Lectotype (designated here by A. Vujić) KENYA • 1 ♀; Njoro , about 140 km NW of Nairobi; 0.37° S, 35.917° E; 2322 m a.s.l.; date unknown; A.J. Cholmley leg.; BMNH NHMUK010369943 GoogleMaps .

Bezzi published the Syrphidae of the Ethiopian Region with the descriptions of two new species, Merodon planifacies and M. melanocerus ( Bezzi 1915) . In the same work, he presented diagnostic characters for, and notes on, the third Ethiopian species, M. nasicus , referring to 1914 as the year of its description ( Bezzi 1915: 102), based on material from Eritrea in the collections of the Hungarian Museum. Bezzi (1915) also stated that there was a single female specimen of this species from Njoro, in British East Africa. Subsequently, in the Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region ( Smith & Vockeroth 1980), and in the Diptera Database ( Evenhuis & Pape 2020) , this Njoro specimen was erroneously considered as the holotype. Shortly after his 1915 monograph, Bezzi published a description of Lampetia (Merodon) nasica ( Bezzi 1921) , based on a male and female from Eritrea in the collection of the Hungarian Museum. This is actually the unpublished description from 1914 ( Bezzi 1915). However, based on International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), the oldest available name for a taxon is its valid name, therefore the publication with the first appearance of the name of the taxon ( Bezzi 1915) should be considered as valid. Following from this conclusion, in addition to specimens from Eritrea, cited in both publications ( Bezzi 1915, 1921), one female specimen from Kenya ( Bezzi 1915), deposited in BMNH, also belongs to the syntype series. The Diptera collection in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest, including the syntypes from Eritrea, was destroyed by a fire in 1956. However, in order to stabilize nomenclature should additional specimens of the type series be found, we designate the specimen from BMNH as lectotype.

Additional material

BURUNDI • 1 ♂; Bururi ; 3.951° S, 29.619° E; 1950 m a.s.l.; 20 Mar. 1949; F.J. François leg.; FSUNS ID 21976 ; RBINS GoogleMaps .

ETHIOPIA • 1 ♂; Welo Gondi , 60 km SW Lalibela; 7.779° N, 35.458° E; 2485 m a.s.l.; 9 Oct. 2005; A. Freidberg leg.; FSUNS ID 04972 ; TAUI GoogleMaps .

ERITREA • 1 ♀; Adi Keyh (on eastern slope of Ethiopian highlands); 14.816° N, 39.383° E; 2442 m a.s.l.; Sep. 1902; Dr A. Andreini leg.; LSF GoogleMaps .

Redescription

Original description without any illustrations was based on single male and female ( Bezzi 1921).

Length: small sized species, body 6–7 mm, wing 5–6 mm (n =2).

Male

HEAD ( Figs 4F View Fig , 9F View Fig , 11F View Fig , 12F View Fig ). Antenna ( Fig. 4F View Fig ) reddish-brown; pedicel elongated, approximately as long as basoflagellomere (relation scape: pedicel: basoflagellomere =1.0: 3.0: 3.0); basoflagellomere concave dorsally, with acute apex; arista reddish-brown, thickened basally, 1.3 times as long as basoflagellomere. Face black, without pollinosity, except along eye margins and covered with whitish to yellowish pile, except on bare medial vitta that occupies ½ width of face. Oral margin strongly protruded ( Fig. 9F View Fig ). Frons black, without gray pollinosity, except eye margins, covered with whitish to yellowish pile. Vertical triangle isosceles ( Fig. 12F View Fig ), usually dark brown, predominantly covered with a long, yellow pile. Ocellar triangle equilateral. Eye pile black in upper half and gray in lower, as long as scape. Eye contiguity about 15–18 ommatidia long. Occiput black, partly pollinose, covered with yellowish to whitish pile.

THORAX ( Fig. 6F View Fig ). Mesonotum dark brown, covered with light yellowish to yellowish pile; scutum without or with indistinct pollinose longitudinal vittae; postpronotum and anterior margin of scutum with sparse gray pollinosity. Pleuron dark brown, covered with gray pollinosity and the following parts with whitish to yellow pile: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, most of the posterior anepisternum except anterior end, antero-ventral and postero-dorsal part of katepisternum, anepimeron, metasternum. Wing hyaline, mostly covered with microtrichia; veins yellow to brown. Calypter pale yellow. Halter with yellow pedicel and capitulum. All three femora dark brown to black, except reddish apex; tibiae mostly reddish, medially dark brown; basal three tarsomeres yellowish to reddish, the rest blackish ( Fig. 6F View Fig ). Metatrochanter without calcar. Metafemur moderately thickened, with less developed apicoventral triangular lamina, more or less dentate, the apical dens is distinct ( Fig. 6F View Fig ). Pile on legs predominantly whitish to yellow.

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 5F View Fig ). Dark brown with yellow to whitish-yellow pile on lateral margins. Tergum 1 usually with pollinosity at least laterally, covered with short pile; tergum 2 with narrow medial fascia interrupted in the middle, covered with whitish pile; tergum 2 medially mostly covered with short black pilosity; terga 3 and 4 with or without narrow pollinose posterior margin and distinct medial fascia interrupted in the middle; tergum 3 covered with short black pile medially; tergum 4 covered with longer whitish to yellowish pilosity, except few black pile in anterior half. Brown sterna pollinose, covered with white or yellow pile.

GENITALIA ( Figs 18D View Fig , 19D–F View Fig ). Posterior lobe of surstyle moderately broad, bent, S-shaped, gradually narrowing toward tip ( Fig. 19D View Fig : pl); anterior lobe of surstyle undeveloped ( Fig. 19D View Fig ); anterior margin of surstyle rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 19D View Fig : ams); cercus square like ( Fig. 19D View Fig : c). Hypandrium with theca medially distinctly narrowed ( Fig. 19F View Fig ). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus small, pointed ( Fig. 18D View Fig : s).

Female ( Figs 14E View Fig , 15E View Fig , 16E View Fig , 20 View Fig )

Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism: metafemur usually with very small apical dens on triangular lamina ( Figs 16E View Fig , 20B View Fig ); frons with non pollinose medial vitta ( Fig. 15E View Fig ); vertex shiny, non pollinose, mostly covered with black pile.

Period of flight and distribution ( Fig. 1 View Fig )

Merodon nasicus is known from Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Burundi. On the basis of our data, the flight period was found to be in March and from September to October. This species occurs only on high mountains at elevation between 2000 and 2500 m a.s.l. in vegetation of montane forest-tundra ( Sayre et al. 2013).

References

Bezzi M. 1915. The Syrphidae of the Ethiopian Region based on Material in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History) with Descriptions of new Genera and Species. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10351

Bezzi M. 1921. Syrphidae aethiopicae Musei nationalis hungarici [concl.]. Broteria: Serie Zoologica 19: 5 - 22.

Curran C. H. 1939. Records and descriptions of African Syrphidae (Diptera). III American Museum Novitates 1025: 1 - 11.

Evenhuis N. L. & Pape T. 2020. Systema Dipterorum, Version 2.6. Available from http: // diptera. org / [accessed 2 Jun. 2020].

Hull F. M. 1944. Some flies of the Family Syrphidae in the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 11 11 (73): 21 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934408527401

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th edition) [Incorporating Declaration 44, amendments of Article 74.7. 3, with effect from 31 December 1999 and the Amendment on e-publication, amendments to Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78, with effect from 1 January 2012]. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from https: // www. iczn. org / the-code-online / [accessed 17 Jul. 2020].

Sayre R., Comer P., Hak J., Josse C., Bow J., Warner H., Larwanou M., Kelbessa E., Bekele T., Kehl H., Amena R., Andriamasimanana R., Ba T., Benson L., Boucher T., Brown M., Cress J., Dassering O., Friesen B., Gachathi F., Houcine S., Keita M., Khamala E., Marangu D., Mokua F., Morou B., Mucina L., Mugisha S., Mwavu E., Rutherford M., Sanou P., Syampungani S., Tomor B., Vall A., Vande Weghe J., Wangui E., & Waruingi L. 2013. A New Map of Standardized Terrestrial Ecosystems of Africa. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers. Available from http: // www. aag. org / cs / publications / special / map _ african _ ecosystems [accessed 24 May 2021].

Smith K. G. V. & Vockeroth J. R. 1980. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (ed.) Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region: 488 - 510. British Museum, London.

Figures

Fig. 1. Distribution map of the Merodon bombiformis species group.

Fig. 4. Male antenna, lateral view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov. paratype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 05174). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 5. Male abdomen, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov. holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov. holotype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25089). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (RBINS; FSUNS ID 21976). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 6. Male metaleg, lateral view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 05174). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 9. Male head, lateral view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., holotype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25089). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 10. Mesonotum, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatusCurran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25090). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). A, C, E-F. Male. B, D. Female. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 11. Male head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., holotype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25089). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 12. Male head, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., holotype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25089). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 14. Habitus of the female, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04278). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25090). D. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NMSA; FSUNS ID ZA6_067). E. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915, lectotype (BMNH NHMUK010369943). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 15. Female head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04278). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25090). D. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NMSA; FSUNS ID ZA6_067). E. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915, lectotype (BMNH; NHMUK010369943). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 16. Female metaleg, lateral view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04278). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NHMW; FSUNS ID 05725). D. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NMSA; FSUNS ID ZA6_067). E. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915, lectotype (BMNH NHMUK010369943). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 18. Male genitalia, aedeagus, lateral view. A. Merodon lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_060). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (NBCN LML-05-3; FSUNS ID 03909). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Abbreviation: s = lateral sclerite of aedeagus. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 19. Male genitalia. A–C. Merodon funestus (Fabricius, 1794) (FSUNS; FSUNS ID F99). D–F. M. nasicusBezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04792). A, D. Epandrium, lateral view.B, E. Epandrium, ventral view. C, F. Hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: ams = anterior margin of surstyle; pl = posterior lobe of surstyle. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 20. Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915, lectotype, ♀ (BMNH NHMUK010369943). A. Head, lateral view. B. Metafemur and metatibia, lateral view. C. Antenna, lateral view. D. Abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 23. Apical part of male metafemur, lateral view. A–B. Merodon nasicus Bezzi, 1915. A. Specimen RBINS (FSUNS ID 29176). B. Specimen TAUI (FSUNS ID 04972). C. M. funestus (Fabricius, 1794) (FSUNS; FSUNS ID F98), dentate apicoventral triangular lamina on metafemur marked with arrow. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Male genitalia. A–C. Merodon zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 05174). D–F. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). A, D. Epandrium, lateral view. B, E. Epandrium, ventral view. C, F. Hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: ams = anterior margin of surstyle; c = cercus; pl = posterior lobe of surstyle. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 1. Distribution map of the Merodon bombiformis species group.