Spachea A. Juss.

de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor & Pellegrini, Marco O. O., 2024, A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry, PhytoKeys 242, pp. 69-138 : 69-138

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11252713

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E062209A-9266-5246-B64F-06A827D15CC9

treatment provided by

PhytoKeys by Pensoft (2024-05-22 13:15:20, last updated 2024-11-25 23:50:59)

scientific name

Spachea A. Juss.
status

 

1.3. 2. Spachea A. Juss. View in CoL in Deless., Icon. Sel. Pl. 3: 19. 1838 [1837].

= Lophanthera A. Juss. View in CoL , Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 13: 328. 1840, syn nov. Type species: Lophanthera kunthiana A. Juss. View in CoL , nom. superfl. [≡ Spachea longifolia (Kunth) R. F. Almeida & M. Pell. ].

= Spachea sect. Meckelia Mart. ex A. Juss. , Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 13: 326. 1840 ≡ Meckelia (Mart. ex A. Juss.) Griseb. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12 (1): 25. 1858. Type species: Spachea tricarpa A. Juss. View in CoL

= Andersoniella C. Davis & Amorim , Harvard Pap. Bot. 25 (1): 51–56. 2020, nom. illeg., non Andersoniella K. J. F. Schmitz (1897) Andersoniodoxa C. Davis & Amorim View in CoL , Phytotaxa 470 (1): 121–122. 2020, syn. nov. Type: Andersoniodoxa spruceana (Nied.) C. Davis & Amorim View in CoL [≡ Lophanthera spruceana (Nied.) R. F. Almeida & M. Pell. View in CoL ].

Type.

Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) A. Juss.

Notes.

Spachea was described by Jussieu (1837) to accommodate the species previously placed in Byrsonima with unisexual flowers. Lophanthera was initially described by Jussieu (1840) based on L. kunthiana A. Juss. , an illegitimate renaming of Galphimia longifolia Kunth. Grisebach (1858) transferred G. longifolia to Lophanthera and placed L. kunthiana in synonymy. Niedenzu (1914) described the second species of Lophanthera , L. spruceana Nied. , ca. 50 years after Grisebach. With the expansion of the Amazonian frontier in Brazil, Ducke described the third and fourth new species of the genus almost two decades later (1925, 1937). Finally, Davis et al. (2020 a, b) proposed Andersoniodoxa for the three species of Lophanthera with white to pink flowers and winged anthers. This was, in theory, strongly supported by molecular data. Nonetheless, the authors never made the sequences used in their article available in public repositories, and the analysis produced by us includes the type species of the three genera and recovers them as a strongly supported clade. Thus, we propose the recognition of a broadly circumscribed but morphologically cohesive Spachea , including all species of Lophanthera and Andersoniodoxa .

In the expanded circumscription presented here, Spachea includes 12 species (five threatened species; Suppl. material 1) of large trees distributed in flooded to non-flooded rainforests from the Amazon basin and Central America ( POWO 2024). The highly unusual structure of the fruits in S. longifolia and S. spruceana is worth mentioning, as it might be a water dispersal adaptation that enables buoyancy in the mericarp. For an identification key for Spachea , see Anderson (1981) for the Guyana Highland, Almeida et al. (2020) for Brazil, and Pool (in prep.) for Mesoamerica.

Davis CC, Marinho LC, Amorim AMA (2020 a) Andersoniella: a new genus of Neotropical Malpighiaceae. Harvard Papers in Botany 25: 51–56. https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v25iss1.2020.n6

Davis CC, Marinho LC, Amorim AMA (2020 b) Andersoniodoxa, a replacement name for Andersoniella (Malpighiaceae). Phytotaxa 470 (1): 121–122. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.470.1.9

POWO (2024) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ [Accessed 26. 11. 2023]

Pool A (in prep) Malpighiaceae. In: Ulloa CU, Hernández HM, Davidse G, Barrie FR, Knapp s, Dressler R (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Saint Louis.

Almeida RF, Francener A, Pessoa C, Sebastiani R, Oliveira YR, Amorim AMA, Mamede MCH (2020) Malpighiaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB155 [Accessed 07. 12. 2023]

Anderson WR (1981) Malpighiaceae. In: The Botany of the Guyana Highland – Part XI. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 32: 21–305.

Grisebach A (1858) Malpighiaceae. In: Martius KFP (Ed.) Flora brasiliensis 12 (1). Fleischer, Leipzig, 124 pp.

Jussieu A (1837) Malpighiaceae. In: Delessert JPB (Ed.) Icones selectae plantarum, vol. 3. Treuttel and Würtz, Paris, 18–21.

Jussieu A (1840) Malpighiacearum synopsis, monographiae mox edendae prodromus. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Series 2, 13: 247–291, 321–338.

Niedenzu F (1914) Malpighiaceae americanae III. Arbeiten aus dem botanischen Institut des Kgl. Lyceum hosianum in Braunsberg: 1–61.

Schmitz F, Hauptfleisch P (1897) Dumontiaceae. In: Engler A, Prantl K (Eds) Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten, Teil 1, Abteilung 2. Leipzig, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 515 - 521.

A

Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

Tracheophyta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Order

Malpighiales

Family

Malpighiaceae