Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869 )

Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra & Araujo, Paula Beatriz, 2024, Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species, Zootaxa 5455 (1), pp. 1-84 : 19-25

Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869)

( Fig. 9–11 )

Astacus Brasiliensis von Martens 1869: 16 , 17, pl. 2, fig. 2 and 2b.

Astacus brasiliensis . —­ Huxley 1879: 771.

Parastacus brasiliensis .—­ Huxley 1879: 771, fig. 2D; 1880: 250, fig. 64. — Ortmann 1902: 293. — Faxon 1914: 405. — Riek 1971: 133. — Buckup and Rossi 1980: 667, figs. 5–7, 8, 21. — Hobbs 1989: 79, fig. 365; 1991: 801, fig. 3k.—­ Buckup & Bond-Buckup, 1994: 19..—­ Crandall & De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Miranda et al. 2018: 1270, fig. 3.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 884 (key), fig. 23.71B.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1b.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key), table II.

Parastacus braziliensis .—­ Moreira 1901: 80 [erroneous spelling]

Astacus braziliensis .—­ Moreira 1901: 80 [erroneous spelling]

Parastacus brasiliensis brasiliensis .—­ Fontoura & Conter 2008: 29.

Type locality. Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil ( Buckup and Bond-Buckup, 1994) .

Type material re-examined. Lectotype. one male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, coll. Hensel ( MNB 3322 ) . Paralectotypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ same data as lectotype ( MNB 3322 ) ;

Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ one male, Ilópolis , 10/VI/2004, coll. D . Bona ( ZCUMCN 0022 ) ; one male and two juveniles, one male, Roca Sales , 29/04/2006, coll. L. K. Ruckert ( ZCUMCN 0096 ) ; one male, Colinas , 24/V/2004, coll. D. Winter ( ZCUMCN 0020 ) ; one male and two females, Arroio do Meio , 22/ V/2005, coll. S. Henz ( ZCUMCN 0021 ) ; one male, Arroio do Meio , V/2005, coll. S. Henz ( ZCUMCN 0024 ) ; one male, Lajeado , 26/V/2004, coll. E. Ost ( ZCUMCN 0023 ) ; Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado , 26/VIII/2004, coll. L. Johann ( ZCUMCN 0055 ) ; two males, Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado , 26/VIII/2004, coll. L. Johann & C. Birkheuer ( ZCUMCN 0057 ) ; one male, Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado , 30/V/2005, coll. L. Johann & C. Birkheuer ( ZCUMCN 0088 ) , one male, Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado , 30/V/2005, coll. L. Johann & C. Birkheuer ( ZCUMCN 0092 ) ; four males, Dois Irmãos , 1981 ( UFRGS 2346 ) ; one female, Venâncio Aires , 21/III/04, coll. A. B. Closs ( UFRGS 4793 ) ; one female, Venâncio Aires, 01/III/2004; one sni, Venâncio Aires (29°36’7.2”S; 52°16’4.8”W) XII/2014, coll. N. N. Uhlman ( UFRGS 6003 ) ; one sni, Arroio próximo ao morro Carapuça, Taquari , 13/IV/1985, coll. H.G. Konrad ( UFRGS 3480 ) ; one female, Arroio próximo ao Morro Carapuça, Taquari , V/1985, coll. H.G. Konrad ( UFRGS 3355 ) ; one male Arroio próximo ao Morro Carapuça, Taquari , V/1985, coll. H.G. Konrad ( UFRGS 3355 ) ; three males, Taquara , 06/IX/1998, coll. G. Bond-Buckup & L. Buckup ( UFRGS 2694 ) ; one male and one female, Taquara, 1981 ( UFRGS 2342 ) ; one male, Taquara, Fazenda Fialho , 07/IX/1998, coll. P. Buckup ( UFRGS 2364 ) ; one male, km 42, estrada Porto Alegre —­ Taquara , 06/II/1983 ( UFRGS 1371 ) ; one male, Residencial Itacolomi, Gravataí , XII/2017, coll. K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 6594 ) ; one ovigerous female (with only three eggs), Taquara , coll. V. Ihering ( MNB 6494 ) ; one snd, Itacolomi Mountain , 6/IV/1980, coll. K. Kleebank ( UFRGS 1358 ) ; one sni, Morro Agudo, Gravataí , 21/X/2001 ( UFRGS 3168 ) ; one sni, Gravataí, Morro Agudo , 13/ IV/2002, coll. A. Zimmer ( UFRGS 3499 ) ; two males, Fazenda Sr. Dário, Bacia do Rio do Sinos, Gravataí (29°48'09.1"S; 50°58'05.5"W), 07/XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes & I.S. Campos-Filho ( UFRGS 5948 ) ; one female, Palavra da Vida, Gravataí (29°48'10.7"S; 50°55'52.3"W), 19/X/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes & F.B. Ribeiro ( UFRGS 6295 ) ; one sni, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hillaire , 10/XII/1976, coll. Edna ( UFRGS 275 ) two males, Parque Saint’Hilaire , coll. Edna ( UFRGS 279 ) ; one female, Parque Saint’Hilaire, Viamão , coll. E. Ferronato ( UFRGS 329 ) ; one female, Parque Saint’Hilaire, Viamão , coll. E. Ferronato ( UFRGS 330 ) ; three sni, Viamão , Parque Saint’Hilaire ( UFRGS 583 ) ; one female, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire , VII/1981 ( UFRGS 584 ) ; one male, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire , V/1987, coll. Turma de Carcinologia ( UFRGS 6800 ) ; one juvenile, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire , 14/III/1985, coll. L. Buckup, G. Bond-Buckup & O. Facchini ( UFRGS 1361 ) ; one male, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire , 13/XII/1976, coll. L. Buckup ( UFRGS 2351 ) ; one male, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire 12/VIII/1994 ( UFRGS 2701 ) ; one female and one juvenile, Fazenda Quinta da Estância Grande, Viamão (-30.284127’S; -51.230806’W), 30/VIII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes & F.B. Ribeiro ( UFRGS 5946 ) ; 1 sni, Arroio Garcia, Viamão , 10/IV/2002, coll. Eutenes, Castro & Souto ( UFRGS 6700 ) ; two males, one female and 11 juveniles, Porto Alegre (30°2’S; 51°13’W), coll. Hensel ( MNB 3448 ) ; our males, Porto Alegre, Sítio Ronco do Bugio. 23/IX/2014, coll. A. F. Quadros ( UFRGS 6377 ) ; one male and one female, Porto Alegre, Vila Jardim , 25/V/1963, coll. N. Klevaco ( UFRGS 282 ) ; one male, Praça da Vila Renascença, Porto Alegre (30°5’51.79”S; 51°11’30.26”W), 10/II/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes, F.B. Ribeiro & G.C. Dalló ( UFRGS 5861 ) ; one female, Porto Alegre, Parque Natural Morro do Osso (30°07’19”S; 51°14’01”W), 2014, coll. K.M. Gomes & A. Kessler ( UFRGS 5338 ) ; three males and two juveniles, Parque Natural Morro do Osso, Porto Alegre (- 30.118810S; - 51.237538W), 22/III/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes & M. Pasolius ( UFRGS 5947 ) ; one female, Porto Alegre, Morro Santana , 06/IV/2013, coll. K. M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5757 ) ; three males, Beco do Retiro, Porto Alegre (- 30.15433S; - 51.101651W), 10/XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes & A.C. Oliveira ( UFRGS 6598 ) ; one female, Morro da Agronomia, Porto Alegre , 26/XI/1975, coll. Bruno ( UFRGS 278 ) ; one sni (dry specimen), riacho em Porto Alegre , 26/V/1958, coll. Odilo & Artur ( UFRGS 1353 ) ; two juveniles and one male, arredores do Morro São Pedro, Zona Sul, Porto Alegre (UTM 22J 48.9036 66.61503), X/2015, coll. C.E. Machado ( UFRGS 6362 ) ; four juveniles, Arroio do Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre , 5/X/1977, coll. G. Bond-Buckup ( UFRGS 274 ) ; one male and one juvenile, Rua João Possuelo, Zona Sul, Porto Alegre (- 30.107983S; - 51.1965W), 06/IV/2013, coll. T.G. Loureiro & K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5759 ) ; one male and one juvenile, Piquete na Estrada dos Alpes, Zona Sul, Porto Alegre (- 30.096733S; - 51.184604W), 06/IV/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5760 ) ; one male and three juveniles, Arroio na Estrada dos Alpes, Porto Alegre (- 30.0948S; -51.18.797W), 06/IV/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes, G.M. Cardoso & T.G. Loureiro ( UFRGS 5762 ) ; one juvenile, Praça Lagos, Zona Sul, Porto Alegre (- 30.152548S; - 51.4430W), 04/ II/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5763 ) ; one male and one female, Praça da Vila Jardim Renascença, Zona Sul, Porto Alegre (- 30.09772S; - 51.191740W), 10/VII/2013, coll. K.M Gomes, F.B. Ribeiro & G.C. Dalló ( UFRGS 5860 ) ; one male, Sítio do Mato, Zona Sul, Porto Alegre (- 30.1174176S; 51.14280W), 22/III/2014, coll. M. Pasolius ( UFRGS 5868 ) [ILLUSTRATED]; one male, Ac. Mário, Lomba do Pinheiro, Porto Alegre (- 30.151726S; - 51.08326W), 21/XI/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 6023 ) ; one male, Rua Dona Francisca, Lomba do Pinheiro, Porto Alegre (- 30.134718S; - 51.103294W), 26/IX/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes & D.C. Kenne ( UFRGS 6025 ) ; one sni, Estrada das Quirinas, Porto Alegre (- 30.16395S; - 51.07972W), 10/XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 6024 ) ; two males, sede camprestre dos funcionários da CEEE, Ponta Grossa, Porto Alegre (- 30.184127S; - 51.230806W), 09/ XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes & D.C. Kenne ( UFRGS 6026 ) ; two juveniles, Guaíba, Fazenda São Maximiliano , 28/ IV/1984, coll. N. F. Fontoura ( UFRGS 1367 ) ; 1 sni, Passo da Mônica, Guaíba , IV/1991, coll. L.C. Kucharski ( UFRGS 2349 ) ; 2 sni, Drenagem Patos, Guaíba (30°09'58.2"S; 51°28'01.6"W), 2005, coll. J. Anza ( UFRGS 6234 ) ; five juveniles, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, 23/IX/1979, coll. L. Buckup ( UFRGS 324 ) ; one female, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, 18/XII/1978, coll. Flamarion ( UFRGS 331 ) ; one male, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, 14/XII/2017, coll. A.F. Huber & P.B. Araujo ( UFRGS 6549 ) ; one male, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul (30°05'59.3"S; 51°41'42.1"W), 05/IV/2018, coll. F.B. Ribeiro & A.F. Huber ( UFRGS 6597 ) ; 1 sni, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul (30°05'59.3"S; 51°41'42.1"W), 22/VI/2017, coll. F.B. Ribeiro & A.F. Huber ( UFRGS 6500 ) ; one sni, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul (30°05'59.3"S; 51°41'42.1"W), 06/XII/2018, coll. A.F. Huber & F.B. Ribeiro ( UFRGS 6655 ) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel , 27/ III/1998 ( UFRGS 2735 ) ; three males and three sni, Mariana Pimentel , IX/2016 ; one male, Mariana Pimentel (30°20’39"S; 51°22’39”W), 13/X/1997, ( UFRGS 2721 ) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel , 05/I/1999, ( UFRGS 2754 ) ; two males and one female sni, Mariana Pimentel, ( UFRGS 2761 ) ; five females, Mariana Pimentel , 05/XII/1998, ( UFRGS 2762 ) ; nine males, Mariana Pimentel ( UFRGS 2765 ) ; one male, 13 females and three sni, Mariana Pimentel ( UFRGS 2767 ) ; three males, Mariana Pimentel (30°20’41”S; 51°33’55”W), 12/IV/2010, coll. W. Beduchaud, K.M. Gomes & S. Santos ( UFRGS 4890 ) ; four males and one female, Mariana Pimentel , 9/X/1986 ( UFRGS 2337 ) ; three females, Mariana Pimentel (30°20’00’S; 51°22’39”W), coll. N. F. Fontoura ( UFRGS 2338 ) ; three males and one female, Mariana Pimentel , 09/V/1988 ( UFRGS 2352 ) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel , 03/II/1998 ( UFRGS 2736 ) ; one female, Mariana Pimentel , 14/X/1997 ( UFRGS 2709 ) ; three males and one female, Mariana Pimentel , 18/III/1998 ( UFRGS 2752 ) ; five males and four females, afluente Arroio Pequeno, Mariana Pimentel (- 30.37201S; - 51.53758W), 26/I/2013), coll. K.M. Gomes ( UFRGS 5754 ) ; four males, one female and two juveniles, Morro do Cerro Negro, Mariana Pimentel (- 30.34564S; - 51.568990W), 28/XI/2012, coll. K.M. Gomes & L. Pandolfo ( UFRGS 5756 ) ; one male, Morro Cerro Negro, Mariana Pimentel (- 30.34564S; - 51.56899W); 2 sni, Mariana Pimentel, 25/VI/2016, coll. F.B. Ribeiro, K.M. Gomes & A. Hirschmann ( UFRGS 6411 ) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel , 31/III/1998 ( UFRGS 2722 ) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel , 31/III/1998 ( UFRGS 2742 ) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel , 23/I/1999 ( UFRGS 2753 ) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel , 14/II/1994 ( UFRGS 3356 ) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel, Estrada do Boqueirão, Cerro da Cavalhada , 20/VIII/1982, coll. R. V. Sá Filho ( UFRGS 1357 ) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel, affluent of river Ribeirão Pequeno (30°21’13”S; 51°32’03”W), 24/VI/2010, coll. K. M. Gomes & Sandro Santos ( UFRGS 4927 ) ; six males and one juvenile, Horto Florestal Mariana , 03/III/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr ( UFRGS 2223 ) ; two males, Mariana Pimentel, Horto Florestal Mariana , 11/XI/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr & G. Vinciprova ( UFRGS 2265 ) ; 1 sni, Arroio da Cascata, Horto Florestal Ramos, Mariana Pimentel , 30/X/2001, coll. W. Bruschi Jr. ( UFRGS 3196 ) ; two males and three juveniles, Horto Florestal Mariana, Arroio Menor, Jacuí Basin , 23/V/1987, coll. W. Bruschi Jr & G. Vinciprova ( UFRGS 2221 ) ; two juveniles, Arroio Menor, Horto Florestal Mariana , 13/IX/1997 ( UFRGS 2250 ) ; one male, Arroio da Cascata, Horto Florestal Mariana , 11/XI/1993, coll. W. Bruschi Jr & G. Vinciprova ( UFRGS 2258 ) ; one male, Arroio Tolloti (next Horto Florestal Mariana), Mariana Pimentel (UTM 041896/6647703), 18/VI/2002, coll. F. Vilella ( UFRGS 3524 ) ; two males and three female, Horto Florestal Ramos, Mariana Pimentel , Arroio dos Ratos Basin, 02/IX/1997, W. Bruschi Jr. ( UFRGS 2215 ) ; five males and one juvenile, Horto Florestal Mariana, Mariana Pimentel , 14/VIII/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr. ( UFRGS 2218 ) ; one male, Horto Florestal Santo Amaro, Arroio Mosquito , 26/XI/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr & G. Vinciprova ( UFRGS 2274 ) ; one male, Horto Florestal Ramos, Arroio 3, coll. W. Bruschi Jr & Cristiano (2260) ; one male, Sertão Santana (30°27’10”S; 51°35’36”W), 23/VI/2010,coll. K.M.Gomes & S. Santos ( UFRGS4924 ) ; one female, Sertão Santana (30°25’35.69”S; 51°39’45.92”W), coll. P. Colombo, I. Colombo & L.Q. Hoffman ( UFRGS 6551 ) ; one sni, Tributátio Arroio do Salso (sentido Barão do Triunfo —­ Sertão Santana ) (31°21’38”S; 51°41’04”W), coll. K. M. Gomes & S. Santos ( UFRGS 4887 ) .

Diagnosis and description. von Martens (1869) and Buckup and Rossi (1980).

Remarks. Additional characters not mentioned in the original description by von Martens (1869) or in the redescription by Buckup and Rossi (1980) are: eyes small ( Fig. 9A, B, C ); front narrow ( Fig. 9A, B ); epistome anterolateral section with a small conical projection ( Fig. 10A ); antenna when extended back reaching telson; antennal scale lateral margin straight ( Fig. 10D ); antennule internal ventral border of basal article with sharp spine ( Fig. 10A ); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the third tooth from the anterior is the largest ( Fig. 10E ); SLP4 smallest and very close to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 larger than SLP4 and close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with concave surface, median keel present and inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes visible and well separated to each other ( Fig. 10B, C ); male cuticle partition present. As von Martens (1869) did not designate a holotype, Buckup & Bond-Buckup (1980) designated the largest specimen of lot MNB 3322 as the lectotype, with Porto Alegre as the type-locality. Miranda et al. (2018) conducted molecular phylogenetic reconstructions using mitochondrial and nuclear markers that indicated the existence of multiple cryptic lineages within P. brasiliensis , of which only one can be considered as P. brasiliensis sensu stricto [here analyzed]. Some of these lineages of P. brasiliensis lato sensu were recently described as new species, P. guapo and P. gomesae ( Huber et al. 2022) . Parastacus brasiliensis is morphologically similar to P. fluviatilis , P. guapo , P. gomesae , P. promatensis , P. tuerkayi , P. macanudo in having large and laterally flattened chelipeds, and lateral margin of antennal scale straight, but it can be distinguished by the strong concavity of the rostrum dorsal surface.

Color of living specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon, tailfan and pereiopods greenish brown, dark brown, or black. Antennal flagellum light brown ( Fig. 11C, D ).

Habitat and Ecology. Streams and springs ( Fig. 11A ) ( Buckup & Rossi 1980; Miranda et al. 2018). Burrows are built in stream margins and are not complex and usually shallow (less than 50 cm), consisting of up to two single openings with chimneys with an average height of 5 cm ( Fig. 11B ) ( Buckup & Rossi 1980; Miranda et al. 2018). Burrows of P. brasiliensis can be identified as type 1a, b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification ( Ribeiro et al. 2020).

Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul ( Buckup & Rossi, 1980; Miranda et al. 2018).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869): A—­ habitus, dorsal view (UFRGS 5868); B—­ cephalon, dorsal view (UFRGS 5866); C—­ cephalon, lateral view (UFRGS 5868); D—­ female pleonal somites, dorsal view (UFRGS 278); E—­ first to third male pleonal pleurae (UFRGS 5868); F—­ first to third female pleonal pleura (UFRGS 278); G—­ tailfan (UFRGS 5868). Scale bars: A, D, E, G—­ 10 mm; B, C, F—­ 5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869): A—­ epistome (UFRGS 278); B—­ thoracic sternites and gonopores (UFRGS 5868); C—­ thoracomere 8, caudal view (UFRGS 278); D—­ antennal scale, lateral view (UFRGS 5868); E—­ mandible (UFRGS 5868); F—­ third maxilliped, ventral view (UFRGS 278); G—­ third maxilliped, dorsal view (paratype 4 UFRGS 278); H—­ first pereiopod, lateral view (UFRGS 276); I—­ first pereiopod, dorsal view (UFRGS 278); J—­ second pereiopod, lateral view (UFRGS 5868). Scale bars: A, C, F, G, I, J—­ 5 mm; B, H—­ 10 mm; D, E—­ 3.33 mm.

FIGURE 11. Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869), habitat and living specimens:A—­ habitat, stream in the municipality of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B—­ burrow opening with chimney; C—­ living specimen, ovigerous female dorsal view; D—­ living specimen. White arrow indicates the chimney.