Hedychridium bilimbatum Linsenmaier

Rosa, Paolo, Heim, René & Bernasconi, Marco Valerio, 2022, The Palaearctic types of Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the Linsenmaier collection. Part 2. Elampini: genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878, Zootaxa 5090 (1), pp. 1-94 : 78-85

Hedychridium bilimbatum Linsenmaier in Schmidt, 1977: 103.

Hedychridium duplofacialis Linsenmaier in Schmidt, 1977: 103.

Hedychridium duplopunctatum Linsenmaier in Schmidt, 1977: 105.

Hedychridium heraldifacialis Linsenmaier in Schmidt, 1977: 103.

Hedychridium pseudobuyssoni Linsenmaier in Schmidt, 1977: 103. Interestingly, Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 184) listed another name never described, Hedychridium linsenmaieri , which must be considered as nomen nudum too.

Specimens without type status

Many specimens were labelled as types by Linsenmaier, but for different reasons they cannot be considered as such, according to ICZN rules. Here some cases: Linsenmaier (1959a) published Hedychridium lampadum as nomen novum pro Hedychridium lampas ( Christ, 1791) , which is actually an unnecessary replacement name. Some years later, Linsenmaier (1997) wrote that he had mistakenly published the species as a new name (“ nom. n.”) instead of “new species”. He then labelled two specimens in his collection as holotype and allotype of Hedychridium lampadum . These specimens [considered as valid types by Arens (2010)] cannot be considered as types for two reasons: 1) the name lampadum is a replacement name and the only type bearing name is that described by Christ (currently considered lost); 2) a holotype designation assigned 40 years after the description is not valid. After realizing the mistake, Linsenmaier should have described H. lampadum as a new species, with a new name.

In the case of Hedychridium viridiscutellare Arens, 2004b we found two holotypes and two allotypes. In fact, Linsenmaier labelled the holotype and the allotype, but never described this species. Arens (2004b), who described this species some years later, was unable to find the holotype and allotype selected by Linsenmaier and designated other two specimens as the holotype and the allotype. The holotype and the allotype selected by Linsenmaier have been later found in his collection but they have no type status because they were not included in the original description by Arens (2004b), even if they still bear the type labels handwritten by Linsenmaier himself.

Unnecessary replacement names given by Linsenmaier

Linsenmaier provided some unnecessary replacement names. Here the cases for the genus Hedychridium :

- Hedychridium lampadum Linsenmaier, 1959a , unecessary replacement name for H. lampas ( Christ, 1791) (see above).

- Hedychridium roseum limassolense Linsenmaier, 1959a , unnecessary replacement name for H. roseum cypriacum Balthasar, 1953 . [ H. roseum cypriacum Balthasar is a valid name].

- Hedychridium maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959a , unnecessary replacement name for H. sculpturatum palestinense Balthasar, 1953 . [ H. sculpturatum palestinense Balthasar is a valid name].

- Hedychridium maculiventre sculpturatissimus Linsenmaier, 1959b , unnecessary replacement name for H. sculpturatum palestinense Balthasar, 1953 .

- The case of Hedychridium maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959b . Linsenmaier (1959a: 63) replaced the name H.

palestinense Balthasar, 1953 with H. maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959a and listed two localities: “ Palästina and

Jugoslawien ”. On the same page he described the subspecies H. maculiventre sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959a based on a type series of specimens from Cyprus. Later , Linsenmaier (1959b: 235) wrote that he had confused the two taxa and described H. maculiventre as a new species, with a holotype from Jugoslavia (currently Croatia: Dalmatia,

Omis, VIII.1952) and proposed H. sculpturatissimum as the replacement name for H. palestinense Balthasar, 1953 .

These taxonomic changes were rather confusing and many authors, from Kimsey & Bohart (1991) to Arens (2010),

were disorientated by these changes. In synthesis:

• Hedychridium maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959a is an unnecessary replacement name for H. palestinense Balthasar , which is the valid name for the species found in Palestine.

• Hedychridium maculiventre sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959a was correctly described and it is the valid name for the Cypriot species.

• Hedychridium maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959b (described as a new species, with type series) has to be considered a junior homonym of H. maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959a .

• Hedychridium maculiventre sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959b is both a junior homonym of H.

maculiventre sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959a and an unnecessary replacement name for H.

palestinense Balthasar, 1953.

• According to Linsenmaier (1959b) there are two valid taxa: H. maculiventre maculiventre Linsenmaier,

1959b and H. maculiventre sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959b . After the publication of the world catalogue by Kimsey & Bohart (1991), Linsenmaier (1997: 258) recognised that the name H. palestinense

Balthasar, 1953 is valid. However, he did not realize that if so, the name H. maculiventre sculpturatissimum

Linsenmaier, 1959b was unnecessary, and in the same page he considered three valid names ( H. palestinense

Balthasar, 1953, H. maculiventre maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959b ; H. maculiventre sculpturatissimum

Linsenmaier, 1959b). If the latter interpretation with three taxa is correct, then the third taxon is incorrectly named.

• Arens (2010: 407) used Linsenmaier's latest interpretation (1997).

• After a written exchange, Arens and Rosa agreed that the third species needed a new name. Arens (2011:

316) renamed the species from Jugoslavia (currently Croatia) as H. maculisternum Arens 2011 .

• Arens (2011) considered all these taxa as subspecies of Hedychridium scutellare ( Tournier, 1878) . However,

despite the specific or subspecific rank, the final synonymic list of these taxa is:

1) H. palestinense Balthasar, 1953 (taxon from Palestine) (= maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959a , unnec. repl. name for H. palestinense Balthasar, 1953 ; sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959b , unnec. repl. name for H. palestinense Balthasar, 1953 nec H. sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959a ).

2) H. sculpturatissimum Linsenmaier, 1959a (taxon from Cyprus),

3) H. maculisternum Arens, 2011 (taxon from Croatia) (= maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959b , nec maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959a .

Lapsus calami: dates, localities, and identification of sexes

In some cases, we found lapsus calami for both collection dates and localities.For example,in the case of Hedychridium verhoeffi yermasoyiense, Linsenmaier wrote a different date from that which is pinned to the type specimen (August 5, 1957, rather than September 1, 1957). In other cases, the month of collection (i.e., Hedychridium inusitatum ) or the year of collection are wrong.

The genus Hedychridium in Linsenmaier’s systematics

Linsenmaier subdivided the Palaearctic species of the genus Hedychridium in four subgenera and fiveteen species groups. In the first revision of the West Palaearctic species, Linsenmaier (1959a) proposed three subgenera: Hedychridium s.str., Acrotoma Mocsáry, 1902b and Hexachrydium Bischoff, 1913 (correct spelling: Hexachridium). The name Acrotoma Mocsáry, 1902b is objectively unavailabe because it is a junior homonym of Acrotoma Boettger, 1881 (Mollusca, Clausiliidae ) ( Kimsey & Bohart 1991). However, Linsenmaier (1999) continued to use it as valid subgeneric name. Linsenmaier (1959a) considered Buyssonia Mocsáry, 1902b and Wollmannia Mocsáry, 1909 as synonyms of Acrotoma and Tetrachrydium Zimmermann, 1952 synonym of Hexachridium. Only later, Linsenmaier (1968) correctly recognised Wollmannia as a subgenus of Hedychrum Latreille, 1802 , after receiving a specimen in exchange from Nikol’skaya.

Linsenmaier (1959a) firstly established two species groups: H. roseum group and H. sculpturatum group. Afterward, Linsenmaier (1968) provided the first classification of the species groups and established the following ones: H. luteipenne group, H. planifrons group, H. postthoracicum group, H. plagiatum group, H. ardens group, H. monochroum group (= Cyrteuchridium Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954), H. incrassatum group (= Zarudnium Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954, Zarudnidium Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954, Cyrteuchrum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954), H. margaritaceum (= Irenula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954), H. flavipes group (= Colpopyga Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954), H. roseum group (= Euchrum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954), H. sculpturatum group (= Euchrum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954). In the same publication, Linsenmaier (1968) described the subgenus Prochridium . Some years later, Linsenmaier (1994) established the H. semenovi group, and then (1997) the H. anale and H. heliophilum groups. Finally, some changes were proposed by Linsenmaier (1999), namely the description of the H. luteum group and H. modestum group, and the union of some groups: H. ardens-monochroum group and H. roseum-sculpturatum group. If the formation of the first group was unnecessary and not supported by any morphological or molecular analyses, the establishment of the H. roseum-sculpturatum group was a new step forward a better classification, since members of the H. roseum group subsequently proved to be females (with nonmetallic abdomen) and males (with metallic abdomen included in the H. sculpturatum group) of the same species ( Rosa 2003; Arens 2004a).

Linsenmaier’s classification (1959a, 1959b, 1968, 1969, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1999) for the Palaearctic species is here syntethised.

Genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878 Subgenus Prochridium Linsenmaier, 1968 Subgenus Hedychridium s. str. modestum group planifrons group plagiatum group luteum group ardens-monochroum group coriaceum group anale group heliophilum group incrassatum group flavipes group elongatum group margaritaceum group roseum - sculpturatum group

Subgenus Acrotoma Mocsáry, 1902b

Subgenus Hexachridium Bischoff, 1913

Remarks. The H. planifrons group was renamed attenuatum group by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) and later H. wroughtoni group by Strumia (1999), because Hedychridium wroughtoni du Buysson, 1896 is the first species described in the species group.

Systematic groups according to Linsenmaier’s classification

The following list includes West Palaearctic Hedychridium species according to Linsenmaier’s classification. The list is a summary of both bibliographic data and unpublished records as found in his collection.

How to read the catalogue

Taxon name * taxon present in collection and discussed in literature by Linsenmaier

(= Taxon name) taxon considered a synonym by Linsenmaier

Taxon name ** taxon present in collection, but never cited by Linsenmaier

Taxon name *** taxon cited or described by Linsenmaier, but not present in collection.

[Taxon name] In square brackets: correct spelling, current status, or other remarks

Genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878

Subgenus Prochridium Linsenmaier, 1968

Hedychridium (Prochridium) hirtipes * du Buysson in Mocsáry, 1902a; H. punctum * Linsenmaier, 1994 ; H. sericatum * Linsenmaier, 1994 ; H. homalosomus *** Linsenmaier, 1994.

Subgenus Hedychridium s. str.