Haplodrassus signifer ( C.L. Koch, 1839 )

Bosmans, Robert, Kherbouche-Abrous, Ourida, Benhalima, Souâd & Hervé, Christophe, 2018, The genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in the Mediterranean and the Maghreb in particular (Araneae: Gnaphosidae), Zootaxa 4451 (1), pp. 1-67 : 42-44

Haplodrassus signifer ( C.L. Koch, 1839)

Figs 154‒161 , 167‒171

Drassus signifer C. L. Koch, 1839: 31 , fig. 452 (♀).

Drassodes troglodytes: Simon 1914: 122 , 140, 209, Figs 249‒250 .

Haplodrassus signifer: Grimm 1985: 147 , figs 146‒148, 170‒171; Levy 2004: 19, figs 46‒52.

Types. Holotype female of Drassus signifer from Bohemia; not examined.

Diagnosis. Males of this species are easily recognized by the presence of a distinct crest on the sigmoid embolic apophysis of the palp ( Figs 158 , 164 ) and the rounded dilatation of the tibial apophysis ( Figs 159 , 168 ). Females resemble H. securifer sp. n. but can be distinguished by the straight anterior margin of the pro-fovea ( Figs 151 , 165 ), curved in H. signifer ( Figs 160 , 170 ) and the more rounded lateral pockets ( Figs 166 versus 171).

Description. Measurements: Male (n=20): Total length 4.7‒7.4; carapace 2.1‒3.4 long, 1.7‒2.7 wide. Female (n=20): Total length 5.1‒11.8; carapace 2.1‒5.5 long, 2.1‒5.5 wide.

Colour: Carapace reddish brown with darker cephalic part and radiating striae; legs yellowish brown; abdomen dark grey to black, often with obscure paler chevrons. Spinulation: General pattern, but ventral spines on Mt I often absent.

Male palp ( Figs 156‒159 , 167‒169 ): Tibial apophysis distinctly constricted distally, then widening into a rounded knob ( Figs 159 , 168 ); embolic apophysis S-shaped, distal part with a distinct crest ( Figs 158 , 164 ).

Epigyne ( Figs 160‒161 , 170‒171 ): As long as wide; hood strongly recurved laterally; pro-fovea short by the prolonged anterior margin of the areola, half the length of the fovea ( Figs 160 , 170 ); fovea often with median groove; lateral pockets reniform ( Figs 161 , 171 ).

Citations in the Maghreb. TUNISIA, Tunis, La Mohammedia ( Pavesi 1880), Tunis ( Pavesi 1884), Kairouan, Kairouan ( Pavesi 1880).

Further material examined. AFRICA, ALGERIA, Tébessa, Tébessa, 1300m, forêt de Bekkaria (N35°21'20” E8°14'40”), 2♂, pitfalls in Pinus halepensis forest, 1.V.1989 ( CRB) . MOROCCO, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Aguelmane Azigza, 1♂ 1♀, 6.IV.1950, Ch. Alluaud leg. ( ISRM) ; Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Oulmès S., ravin de l’Oued Assellalou (N33°25’25” W 6°00’ 10), 1♀, 11.III.1955, J. B. Panouse leg. ( ISRM) . EUROPE, SPAIN, Alava, Salvatierra (N42°51'5” W2°23'28”), 1♂ 2♀, stones in low maquis, 6.IV.1992 ( CRB) , Avila, Puerto del Pico (N40°19'16” W5°0'46”), 1300m, 1♀, 15.V.1992, P. Poot leg. ( CRB) , Puerto de Menga (N40°28'36” W5°0' 42""), 1570m, 1♀, stones in grassland, 1.IV.1997 ( CRB) , Burgos , Puerto de la Brugula (N42°25'49” W3°30'11”), 990m, 2♀, stones in Pinus forest, 31.III.1997 ( CRB) , Cantabria, Puerto de San Glorio (N43°4'1” W4°45'51”), 1500m, 1♂ 2♀, pitfalls in wasteland, 17.VII.1985 ( CRB) , Ciudad Real, Pozuelo de Calatrava (N38°53’6” W3°50’53”), 2♀, J. M. de la Fuente leg, Coll. Simon 24235 ( MNHN AR15705 ), Gerona , Collada de Toses (N42°19'50” E2°2'10”), 1800m, 3♂, pitfalls in dry Pinus forest, 10.VII.1991 ( CRB) , Málaga, Casares (N36°26'48” W5°17'8”), 2♀, V.1986, J. De Beir leg. (CRB), Palencia, Fuentes de Nava, Laguna de la Nava (N39°2’58” W3°41’47”), 1♂ 1♀, IV.‒XI.1996, U. Stengele leg. ( CRB) , Rioja, Navarrete (N42°25'41” W2°33'49”), 420m, 1♂ 1♀, stones in grassland, 7.IV.1992 ( CRB) , Segovia, 10 km E. Casla (N41°7'20” W3°41'52”), 1100m, 1♀, stones in grassland, 31.III.1997 ( CRB) , Toledo, Talavera la Nueva (N39°55'11” W4°52'22”), 370m, 1♂, litter in forest along Rio Tajo, 1.IV.1997 ( CRB) . FRANCE, mixed unknown localities (‘ Gallia Meridionalis’), one of them Alpes-Maritimes, Menton, 2♂ 1♀, as Drassodes macellinus hebes, Coll. Simon 2083 ( MNHN AR15708 ), Haute-Corse, Calacuccia, Lozzi, road to Monte Cinto (N42°20'46” E9°0'25”), 1200m, 2♀, stones in maquis, 25.V.1995 ( CRB) , 10 km from Calvi (N42°33’57” E8°45’25”), 1♂ 2♀, pitfalls in maquis, 15. V.1982 ( CRB) , Col de Vergio (N42°17'24” E8°52'39”), 1460m, 3♂ 1♀, stones in Juniperus forest, 24.V.1995 ( CRB) , Gorges de Restonica (N42°14'28” E9°10'52”), 1300m, 1♂, stones in Pinus laricio forest, 26.V.1995 ( CRB) , E. Urtaca (N42°35'40” E9°9' 57'), 1♂, stones in garrigue, 23.V.1995 ( CRB) , Haute -Savoie, Saint Julien-Mont-Denis (N45°14'48” E6°25'30”), 750m, 1♀, pitfalls in grassland, 6.VI.1986 (CRB), Pyrénées-Orientales, Mont Canigou, Escala de l’Ours (N42°32'58” E2°29'40”), 1400m, 1♂, 5.VII.1991 ( CRB) , Col de Puymorens , 1850m, 2♂ 1♀, pitfalls in dry grassland, 11. VI.1991 ( CRB) . ITALY, Sardinia, Carbonia-Iglesias, Fluminimaggiore S. (N39°24'38” E8°29'26”), at entrance of Grotta su Manua , 200m, 1♂, seeving Quercus litter, 15.IV.2014 ( CRB) , Nuoro , Orgosolo N. (N40°13'6” E9°22'47”), 610m, 1♀, seeving Quercus litter, 18.IV.2014 ( CRB) , Sassari , Alghero W., Parco di Porto (N40°36'59” E8°9'51”), 1♂ 1♀, 10.IV.2014 ( CRB) . GREECE, Attiki-Saronic Islands, Attiki, Marathon, Enoee ruins (N38°9'28” E23°56'1”), 80m, 1♂ 1♀, stones in phrygana, 19.IV.2000 ( CRB) , Oros Imittos, W. Peania (N37°56'47” E23°50'0”), 450m, 1♀, 20.IV.2000 ( CRB) , Crete, Sitia , 2♀, as H. severus, Grimm det. ( MCSNB) , Ipeiros, Ioannina, Vikos-Aoos national park, Astraka (N39°57'54” E20°47'31”), 1910m, 2♀, pitfalls in grassland, 12.VII.2007, B. Vandenberghe leg. ( CRB) , Evvoia- Voroies Sporades, Evvoia, Papades, Aghia Anna (N38°55'44” E23°21'51”), 550m, 1♀, stones in grassland, 12.V.2001 (CRB), Evvoia, Prokopi-Nea Pagontas road (N38°42'38” E23°30'57”), 700m, 1♂, stones in grassland, 10.V.2001 (CRB), Kyklades: Iraklia (N36°50’15” E25°27’21”), 50m, 1♀, on walls of house, 6.III.2016, 1♀, 9.IV.2017, 1♂, in pitfals in phrygana, 20.IV.2017, Y. Gavalas leg. (CYG) ; Makedonia, Halkidiki, Monopigado (N40°26'4” E23°8'5”), 400m, 1♂, pitfalls in Quercus forest, 22.III‒12.VI.2004, L. Provoost leg. ( CRB) , Thessaloniki, NE. Thessaloniki (N40°42'20” E22°58'58”), 200m, 1♂, pitfalls in dry Pinus forest, 7.II‒6.VI.2004, L. Provoost leg. ( CRB) , Peloponnisos, Argolis, Achladokambos (N37°32'44” E22°31'10”) 1000m, 2♀, under stones, 26.IV.2016 ( CRB) , Korinthia, Lake Stymphalia , (N37°50'39” E22°27'15”), 615m, 1♂, pitfalls under Quercus bushes on slope to lake, 20.IV‒27.IV.2016 ( CRB) , Sterea Elada, Etolio-Akarnania, Paleros S., Agios Dimitriou (N38°46'6” E20°53'6”), 50m, 2♀, stones in quarry, 17.IV.2000 ( CRB) , Stanos S., lake Amvrakia (N38°46'51” E21°11'17”), 20m, 1♂, stones in olive groove, 15.IV.2000 ( CRB) , Fokida, Lake Mornou (N38°31'06” E22°09'06”), 440m, 1♀, 25.IV.2015 , P. Ponel leg. (CPP), Voiotia, Oros Parnassos, Kalivia Arachovas (N38°31'24” E22°32'49”), 900m, 1♀, pitfalls in grassland, 18.IV.2000 (CRB), Thiva (N38°19’30” E23°19’08”), 200m, 1♀, 1998, L. Picard leg. ( CRB) . CYPRUS, Famagusta, Büyükkonuk ( Konik ) (N35°24'32” E33°59'28”), 150m, 1♂, pitfalls in Pinus forest, III‒V.2011 ( CRB) , Yenibogaziçi ( Agios Sergios ) (N35°12'3” E35°53'43”), 30m, 1♂, stones in phrygiana, 17.III.2011, 1♂, in pitfalls at same site, 15‒ 27.V.2011 ( CRB) , Kyrenia, Kalkani ( Kalo Chorio ) (N35°15'27” E33°2'22”), 100m, 1♀, stones in grassland, 20.III.2011 ( CRB) , Vouni ruins (N35°10'11” E32°46'24”), 250m, 1♀, under stones, 20.IIII.2011 ( CRB) , Pafos, Kouklia-Pissoura road (34°40'27” E32°37'06”), 150m, 1♀, stony slope to the sea, 22.III.2011 ( CRB) , Nicosia, Prodromos E., near Prodromos dam (N34°56'58” E32°50'39”), 1550m, 1♀, stones in Pinus forest, 23.V.2001 ( CRB) .

Distribution. Holarctic. In the Nearctic it is known from southern Canada, to central-S Mexico, in the Palaearctic up to 70°. In the Maghreb, the species appears to be rare. It is known from the NE of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Libya.

Figures

FIGURES 154–161. Haplodrassus signifer (male from Crete, Nida Plateau, female from France, Corse). 154. Male, dorsal aspect; 155. Female, dorsal aspect; 156. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 157. Idem, ventral view; 158. Embolic apophysis, ventral view; 159. Male palpal tibia, dorsolateral view; 160. Epigyne, ventral view; 161. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURES 162–171. Figs 162‒166. Haplodrassus securifer sp. n. (Tunisia, Gafsa). 162. Male left palp, ventral view; 163. Male palpal tibia, dorsolateral view; 164. Embolic apophysis, ventral view; 165. Epigyne, ventral view; 166. Vulva, ventral view. Figs 167‒171. Haplodrassus signifer (male from Crete, Nida Plateau, female from France, Corse). 167. Male left palp, ventral view; 168. Male palpal tibia, dorsolateral view; 169. Embolic apophysis, ventral view; 170. Epigyne, ventral view; 171. Vulva, ventral view.

FIGURES 241–251. Haplodrassus mediterraneus (Syria). 241. Male, dorsal aspect; 242. Idem, ventral aspect; 243. Female, dorsal aspect; 244. Idem, ventral aspect; 245. Male palpal tibia, dorsolateral view; 246. Male palp, retrolateral view; 247. Idem, ventral view; 248. Idem, prolateral view; 249. Epigyne, ventral view; 250. Vulva, ventral view; 251. Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURES 145–153. Haplodrassus securifer sp. n. (Tunisia, Gafsa). 145. Male, dorsal aspect; 146. Female, dorsal aspect; 147. Male palpal tibia, dorsolateral view; 148. Male left palp, retrolateral view; 149. Idem, ventral view; 150. Idem, prolateral view; 151. Epigyne, ventral view; 152. Vulva, ventral view. 153. Vulva, dorsal view.