Selaginella fulcrata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Spring, 1843

Shalimov, Aleksandr Petrovich, Wu, Yu-Dong & Zhang, Xian-Chun, 2019, A taxonomic revision of the genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Nepal, PhytoKeys 133, pp. 1-76 : 1

Selaginella fulcrata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Spring Figs 2 (2 A–C), 9C , 16

Selaginella fulcrata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Spring, Bull. Acad. Brux. 10: 231, no.138. 1843; Iwatsuki 1988; Dixit 1992; Thapa 2002; Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017.

≡ Lycopodium fulcratum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 17. 1824.

≡ Lycopodioides fulcrata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 826. 1891. Type. (lectotype, designated by Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015) NEPAL. Lycopodium fulcratum Ham. ex D. Don, Prod Fl. Nep. p. 17. Napaul. Dr. Buchanan (BM, top of sheet).

Description.

Stems glabrous, 50-110 cm, erect. Main stems simple at base, branched from middle part of stem, unequally angular, drying stramineous-brown, 1.3-3.0 mm in diam. in lower part, primary branched copiously pinnate, elongate-deltoid. Axillary leaves ovate-elliptic, 1.2-1.5 × 0.5-0.7 mm, base obtuse, margin ciliate up to middle, rest entire. Ventral leaves ovate-oblong, 1.4-2 × 0.5-0.7 mm, base obtuse, acroscopic base ciliate, rest entire and revolute, basiscopic base with few cilia, apex acute. Dorsal leaves decurrent, 0.8-1.3 × 0.3-0.6 mm, unequally attenuate, subfalcate, subacute, only older leaves ciliate at base, rest entire and younger ones entire throughout. Strobili solitary, terminal, compact, 8-12 × 1-2 mm. Sporophylls monomorphic, ovate, cordate at base, margin denticulate or entie, apex abruptly acute. Megaspores reddish-brown, surface papillate; microspore reddish-brown, surface papillate.

Ecology.

On damp sheltered earth banks at lower elevation. Alt. 200-1200 m.

Distribution in Nepal.

W, C, E.

Nepalese threatened status: LC ( Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015).

General distribution.

INDIA (Bihar).

Chromosome number.

not available data.

Selected specimens examined:

"Nepal n. 1397, Herb. Geheed, Oktbr. 1909" (B); "Nepalia, Wallich s.n."(K); "Mountain Nepalia, E.J.C. n. 125 " (E, photo); "Nepalia s.n." (E00670612, photo); "Nepalia, 1823, Wallich 125 " (K, photo); "Nepalia, 1829, Wallich 125 " (K, photo); "Belsot a Sogaret, 130 m, 9 Nov 1954, A. Zimmermann 2153 " (KYO, photo).

W Nepal: DANG: "Budamar, on moist and chedy place, alt. 310 m. 29 Sep 1982, N.P. Manandhar 8577 " (KATH); "Kwera Panii, Dang, on shady and rocky places, alt. 600 m, 10 Mar 1976, N.P. Manandhar, P.M. Regmi 204 " (KATH); "Between Kurpani and Ghorai, growing on damp shelered earth banks, alt. 4000 ft, 4 Sep 1952, O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 1332 " (US, photo; KYO, photo; E00670606).

SURKHET: "Near Kuepani, Siwalik Hills, growing on shady banks, alt. 1000 ft, 27 Oct 1952, O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 5920 " (KYO, photo; US).

C Nepal: GULMI: "Gundi Khola, Kali Gandaki River, alt. 2500 ft, 13 Oct 1954. Stainton, Sykes, L.H.J. Williams 8929 " (E, photo).

SYANGJA: "Roadbank at Galyang village, S of Waling, N of Tansen, on road between Pokhara and Butwal. 25 Sep 1997. C.R. Fraser-Jenkins et al. 25578 (FN 1556)" (US, photo).

PALPA: "Argali 833275, on moist slope strobilus green, alt. 800 m, 27 Nov 1973, D.P. Joshi, M.M. Amatya 73/105a " (KATH).

CHITAWAN: "Chitawan, Churia hills, Shorea forest undergrowth, 2000 ft., 14 Jun 1975, Laurie 77 " (K); "North-East face of Narayani Ghat, alt. 213-360 m, 3 Jan 1977, s.n., 500 " (KATH); "Damp, rocky sides of small stream-gulley at Lambola Khola, c. ½ km S of Belbas (Satara Kilo) village, 18 km S. of Mugling on road to Narayanghat, S. W. of Kathmandu, alt. 350 m, 20 Jan 2000, C.R. Fraser-Jenkins 28396 (FN 4371)" (US, photo).

MAKAWANPUR: "Forested ridges and cliffs of the Churiya Ghats, N. of Bagmati Bridge (c. 13 km E. of Chandranigarpur on main road), on path to Bagar, W. side of Baginati River, E. of Hetauda, Makawanpur District, Narayani Zone, E.C. Nepal, 21 Oct 1997. C.R. Fraser-Jenkins et al. 25724 (FN 1702)" (KATH); "Above Liot village, Basmari, c. 5 km. W of Hetauda, off Narayanghat road. Densely Sal-forested and rocky stream-gully on S. slope of first range of foothills beyond and N of the Churiya Ghats, 24 Oct 1997, C.R. Fraser-Jenkins et al. 25760 (FN 1738)" (BM001022482).

Figures

Figure 2. Morphological diversity of the leaves of Nepalese Sealginella species 1 A-C S. adunca (Strachey & Winterbottom 5, PE) 2 A-C S. fulcrata (Nakaike 1923, PE) 3 A-C S. involvens (Zhang 345, PE). A - Axillary leaves, B - Dorsal leaves, C - Ventral leaves. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 9. Diversity strobili of Nepalese Selaginella species A S. indica (Nakaike 1325, PE) B S. bryopteris (Tabata et al. 11989, PE) C S. fulcrata (Nakaike 1923, PE) D S. involvens (Zhang 345, PE) E S. pallida (Nakaike 3740, PE) F S. remotifolia (Nakaike 3522, PE) G S. semicordata (Jenkins s. n., PE) H S. helvetica (Zhang 0638, PE) I S. pallidissima (Zhang 2746, PE). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-G), 2 mm (F, H-I).

Figure 16. Selaginella fulcrata (Buch. - Ham. ex D. Don) Spring. A Habit, upper surface B habit, lower surface C strobilus, upper surface D fragment of the upper surface of the lateral branches E fragment of the lower surface of the lateral branches (O. Polunin, W. R. Sykes, L. H. J. Williams 1332, E). Link: (http: // data. rbge. org. uk / herb / E 00670606).