Anovia circumclusa (Gorham)

Forrester, Juanita A., Vandenberg, Natalia J. & Mchugh, Joseph V., 2009, Redescription of Anovia circumclusa (Gorham) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Noviini), with first description of the egg, larva, and pupa, and notes on adult intraspecific elytral pattern variation, Zootaxa 2112, pp. 25-40 : 27-32

Anovia circumclusa (Gorham)

( Figs. 1–41)

Zenoria circumclusa Gorham, 1899: 262 . Korschefsky, 1931: 108. Blackwelder, 1945: 443. Anovia circumclusa Gordon, 1971 : p.1; Gordon, 1972: 27 –29. (Type depository: BMNH).

Diagnosis: The larva of this species resembles all other known noviine larvae, but is distinguishable by the presence of many chalazae on the lateral strumae of the abdominal segments ( R. cardinalis has 2, and R. koebelei has 4). Anovia circumclusa adults are best recognized by the structure of the male genitalia. In A. circumclusa , the basal lobe is slender and does not extend laterally beyond the internal paramere margin, while in all other Anovia species the basal lobe is quite broad distally, and overlaps the medial paramere margin. Also, the basal piece is widest basally in A. circumclusa , not distally as in A. virginalis .

Egg. Length 0.5 mm, width 0.25 mm. Elongate-oval, color bright magenta. Surface granular, often covered with waxy exudate ( Fig. 1). Eggs typically oriented horizontally, not placed on end; laid singly or in small clusters on exposed leaf surfaces; often laid on or under prey ( Majerus 1994, JAF pers. obs.)

Mature Larva. Length 5–7 mm, ( Figs. 2–4 ). Body ovoid, convex, widest at midpoint, laterally arcuate. Color bright magenta with waxy, white exudate. Dorsal surface moderately setose, finely granulate, covered with waxy exudate ( Figs. 2–4 ). Setae pale, erect, simple, length variable.

Head ( Figs. 5–7 ) prognathous, darkly pigmented, subquadrate, at least twice as long as wide; dorsal and lateral surfaces with several chalazae; seta-like asperities lateral to frontal arms ( Fig. 5 ). Frontal arms vshaped; epicranial stem short, about as wide as long; median endocarina absent. Stemmata arranged in triangular pattern, three on each side. Antenna inserted anteromesad to stemmata, 2-segmented ( Fig. 9 ). Antennomere I robust, length ~ 1/3 width; II small, length subequal to width, sensorium longer than antennomere I. Labrum distinct, subrectangular, weakly bilobed apically ( Figs. 5, 7 ). Mandible triangular, enlarged basally, falcate apically ( Figs. 7, 8 ). Maxillolabial complex retracted ( Figs. 6, 7 ). Maxilla with cardo and stipes fused to form solid, sclerotized structure with slender, arm-like extensions passing anteriorly and laterally around labial palpi; maxillary palpomere 2-segmented; I much broader than long; II about as broad as long ( Figs. 6, 7 ). Mala membranous, transverse. Hypopharyngeal bracon present, well-developed.

Thoracic segments each with a pair of sclerotized plates; meso-and metathorax each with a pair of lateral strumae; struma bearing many chalazae ( Figs. 2–4 ). Legs long, robust, strongly sclerotized dorsally, semimembranous and unpigmented ventrally ( Figs. 10–12 ). Coxa transverse ( Fig. 3 ). Femur robust, almost as broad as long ( Figs. 3 , 10–12 ). Tibia elongate, ventral surface distally setose; distal setae flat, clavate ( Figs. 10–13 ). Tarsungulus strongly curved, basal tooth well-developed. Abdomen 10-segmented; segments I–IX with 2 pairs of sclerotized tubercles, 1 pair of chalazate strumae, and 1 pair of annular spiracles; X bearing pygopod ( Fig. 3 ).

Pupa. Length 4.5–5.5 mm, width 2.5 – 3.5 mm, exarate ( Figs. 14–16 ). Dorsal habitus elliptical, convex, partially covered in last larval exuvium, attached by cauda to substrate. Color (excluding exuvium) magenta with pale setae ( Fig. 15, 16 ). Dark, stout, bristle-like setae present on dorsal surface of head, pronotum, and humeral angles ( Fig. 15 ).

Head length subequal to width. Antenna short, not extending beyond outer margin of eye, club indistinguishable from flagellum. Apical maxillary palpomere strongly securiform ( Fig. 16 ).

Abdomen with 9 ventrites, I and II reduced and hidden beneath metacoxae; dorsal surface of abdomen with paired transverse tubercles on segments I–VIII; anterolateral angles with annular spiracles; IX with bipartite urogomphi.

Adult. Length 4–4.5 mm. Dorsal habitus hemispherical, laterally arcuate, convex; head strongly deflexed, not visible from above; color variable ( Figs. 17–22 ). Vestiture pale, short, moderately dense, posteriorlydirected.

Head width about twice head length; dorsal surface with evenly spaced, small, shallow punctures; ventral surface narrower; postoccipital margin sinuate ( Figs. 23, 24 ). Eyes large, covered entirely by pale, suberect setae. Antennal insertion exposed, anteromesad to inner eye margin. Antenna with 8 articles; antennomere I asymmetrical, laterally expanded; II subglobose; III–V subequal in length and width; VI–VIII forming loose club, VI–VII asymmetrical, expanded medially; VI about as long as IV + V, VII shorter, VIII broadly tapered apically ( Fig. 25 ). Clypeus small, fused to frons ( Figs. 23, 24 ). Frontoclypeal suture absent. Labrum ( Fig. 26 ) emarginate medially, expanded beyond clypeus laterally. Mandible apically bidentate, teeth sickle-shaped, not in same plane, ventral tooth longer than dorsal one; prosthecal fringe well-developed ( Fig. 27 ). Lacinia slender, elongate, apically setose ( Fig. 28 ). Galea broad, elongate, truncate and apically setose. Maxillary palp 3-segmented, palpifer well-developed; palpomere I elongate, about three times as long as basal width, broadest apically, membranous surface exposed; II apically divergent, mesal edge short, membranous surface exposed; III with distal edge almost twice the length of proximal edge, lateral edge twice the length of mesal one ( Fig. 28 ). Labium narrow, labial palp 2-segmented; palpomeres I and II subequal in size, palpomere II gradually narrowed distally to apical sensory area ( Fig. 29 ).

Pronotum with dorsal surface punctate, moderately setose; anterior angles extending forward just beyond lower margin of eye ( Figs. 18, 20, 22 ); anterior edge horizontal just behind head capsule; posterior edge markedly sinuate, slightly notched at scutellum ( Fig. 30 ). Prosternum narrow; prosternal process abruptly raised, rectangular with margins entire; procoxal cavities slightly transverse, closed internally ( Fig. 31 ).

Scutellum triangular. Meso- and metathorax ventrally flattened, pubescent ( Fig. 35 ). Mesoventrite short, narrowest posteriorly. Metaventrite wider than long, finely punctate. Legs ( Figs. 32–34 ) flattened, broad and stout. Femur deeply grooved ventrally for reception of tibia; groove bicarinate, sharply defined, extending almost entire length of femur. Profemur with anterior groove expanded prior to apex. Tibia slightly widened at mid-length, ventral surface broader than dorsal, deeply grooved for reception of tarsus; groove bicarinate. Tarsal formula 3-3-3; tarsomeres I and II elongate, lobed ventrally with spongy pubescence; III elongate, cylindrical; male tarsal claw bifid; female tarsal claw with long triangular tooth ( Fig. 38 ).

Elytron subhemispherical to hemispherical, laterally arcuate, finely punctate, non-striate; epipleuron complete to posterior margin, ventral surface moderately rugose. Wing with reduced cantharoid venation, absent in distal half, with strong medial and cubital veins, one anal vein, jugal lobe present. Abdomen with broad, slightly cleft intercoxal process; postcoxal line incomplete to lateral margin; 6 ventrites; I–V rectangular, progressively narrower in width posteriorly; VI narrower, tapering slightly to rounded apex; male with emarginate apex ( Fig. 37 ), female with apex entire. Pygidium subrectangular, setose, broadly rounded apically ( Fig. 36 ).

Male genitalia with phallobase widest anteriorly; basal lobe slender, not extended laterally beyond internal margin of parameres ( Figs. 39–41 ). Sipho as in Fig. 41 .

Material examined: see Table 2.

Figures

FIGURES 2 – 4. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), mature larva. 2. Habitus, dorsal. 3. Habitus, ventral. 4. Habitus, lateral.

FIGURES 5 – 9. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), larval head and appendages. 5. Head, dorsal. 6. Head, ventral. 7. Head, anterior. 8. Mandible, left, dorsal. 9. Antenna, left, dorsal.

FIGURES 10 – 13. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), larval legs. 10. Prothoracic leg, left, dorsal. 11. Mesothoracic leg, left, anterior. 12. Metathoracic leg, left, anterior. 13. Prothoracic tibia, left, anterior.

FIGURES 14 – 16. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), pupa. 14. Habitus, dorsal, clothed in last larval skin. 15. Habitus, dorsal, last larval skin removed. 16. Habitus, ventral, last larval skin removed.

FIGURES 17 – 22. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), adult. 17. Habitus, dorsal. 18. Habitus, lateral. 19. Habitus, dorsal. 20. Habitus, lateral. 21. Habitus, dorsal. 22. Habitus, lateral.

FIGURES 23 – 29. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), adult head and appendages. (Note: setae and eye facets omitted for clarity.) 23. Head, dorsal. 24. Head, ventral. 25. Antenna, left, dorsal. 26. Labrum, dorsal. 27. Mandibles, dorsal. 28. Maxilla, left, dorsal. 29. Labium, ventral.

FIGURES 30 – 34. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), adult prothorax and appendages. 30. Pronotum, dorsal. 31. Prosternum, ventral. 32. Prothoracic leg, left, anterior. 33. Mesothoracic leg, left, anterior. 34. Metathoracic leg, left, anterior.

FIGURES 35 – 38. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), adult pterothorax, abdomen, and appendages. 35. Pterothorax, ventral. 36. Pygidium, dorsal. 37. Abdomen, ventral. 38.. Metathoracic tarsal claw of female, left, posterior.

FIGURES 39 – 41. Anovia circumclusa (Gorham), adult male genitalia, redrawn with permission from Zootaxa 1720: 66 – 68 (Forrester & Vandenberg 2008). 39. Aedeagus, dorsal. 40. Aedeagus, lateral. 41. Sipho, lateral.