Hoffmannseggia Cav., Icon. 4: 63. 1798

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Hoffmannseggia Cav., Icon. 4: 63. 1798 nom. cons.

Figs 36 , 38 , 45

Larrea Ortega, Nov. Rar. Pl. Descr. Dec.: 15. t. 2. 1797, nom. rej., non Larrea Cav., Anales Hist. Nat. 2(4): 119. 1800 [ Zygophyllaceae ]. Type: Larrea glauca Ortega [≡ Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert]

Moparia Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(5): 317. 1930. Type: Moparia repens (Eastw.) Britton & Rose [≡ Caesalpinia repens Eastw. (≡ Hoffmannseggia repens (Eastw.) Cockerell)]

Type.

Hoffmannseggia falcaria Cav., nom. superfl. [≡ Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert (≡ Larrea glauca Ortega)]

Description.

Perennial woody herbs, most species forming a basal rosette, or subshrubs, unarmed, often arising from bud-bearing and tuberous roots, shoots pubescent and with gland-tipped trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, ovate or deltate, acuminate, caducous or persistent. Leaves bipinnate, ending in a pair of pinnae plus a single terminal pinna (except for Hoffmannseggia aphylla (Phil.) G.P. Lewis & Sotuyo); pinnae in 1-13 opposite pairs; leaflets small and numerous, in 2-15 (18) opposite pairs per pinna. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx (hypanthium and sepals) usually persistent as the fruit matures; sepals 5, weakly imbricate; petals 5, free, yellow to orange, the median petal often with red markings; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent; ovary glabrous to pubescent, eglandular to glandular. Fruit laterally compressed, straight or sometimes falcate, the sutures almost parallel, papery to leathery, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or with glandular trichomes, indehiscent or dehiscent, with twisting valves. Seeds compressed, ovoid.

Chromosome number.

2 n = 24 [ H. drepanocarpa A. Gray, H. eremophila (Phil.) Burkart ex Ulibarri, H. glauca (Ortega) Eifert, H. microphylla Torr., H. oxycarpa Benth., H. viscosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Hook. & Arn.] ( Fedorov 1969; Zhao 1996; Zanin and Cangiano 2001).

Included species and geographic distribution.

Twenty-five taxa in 23 species, with an amphitropical distribution in the Americas: 10 species restricted to North America (southern USA and Mexico), 12 in South America (mainly Andean), and one species ( H. glauca ) widespread throughout the range of the genus (Fig. 45 ).

Ecology.

Subtropical desert and semi-desert grassland, often in open areas and on disturbed sites, on sandy, rocky, or calcareous soils.

Etymology.

Named by Antonio José Cavanilles for the German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist, Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg (1766-1849).

Human uses.

Hoffmannseggia glauca produces tubers once eaten by indigenous groups in North America (but sometimes becomes a noxious weed); the roots of H. intricata Brandegee produce a reddish-brown dye ( Lewis 2005b).

Notes.

A complete synopsis and key to species [except H. aphylla which was transferred to the genus by Lewis and Sotuyo (2010)] is available in Simpson and Ulibarri (2006).

Taxonomic references.

Britton and Rose (1930, under Larrea and Moparia ); Burkart (1936); Gagnon et al. (2016); Lewis (1998, under Caesalpinia pumilio Griseb., 2005b); Lewis and Sotuyo (2010); Macbride (1943, under Caesalpinia ); Simpson (1999); Simpson and Miao (1997); Simpson and Ulibarri (2006); Simpson et al. (2004, 2005); Ulibarri (1979, 1996).

Figures

Figure 36. Fruits of Caesalpinieae A Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon B Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico (Lewis 2057) C Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart, Paraguay, (Fortunato 8650) D Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Ulibarri, Peru, Arequipa, (Hughes et al. 2342) E Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos, Chile (Baxter et al. DCI 1859) F Zuccagnia punctata Cav., Argentina, Mendoza G Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Somalia H Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) I Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil J Libidibia paraguariensis (Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) K Coulteria mollis Kunth, Guatemala (Lewis et al. 1714) L Cenostigma pluviosum var. cabralianum (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil (Lewis et al. 2019) M Pomaria jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., USA. Photo credits A AA Dreyer B, I, K, L GP Lewis C RH Fortunato D, H, J CE Hughes E P Baxter F Italo Specogna, Flora mendocina (http: // www. floramendocina. com. ar / clase _ 3 / zuccagnia _ punctata _ p 9558. html) G M Thulin M P Alexander, SEINet Arizona Chapter (https: // swbiodiversity. org / seinet / imagelib / imgdetails. php? imgid = 253949).

Figure 38. Vegetative traits of the Caesalpinieae A Hoffmannseggia minor (Phil.) Ulibarri, Bolivia B Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon C Moullava spicata (Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharastra D Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., undersurface of leaflets showing glands, Somalia E Pomaria austrotexana B. B. Simpson, USA, Texas F Small tree of Erythrostemon nicaraguensis (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (Hawkins et al. 4) G Leopard bark of Libidibia paraguariensis (D. Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) H Lenticelled bark of Erythrostemon nicaraguensis (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Nicaragua, Esteli (Hawkins et al. 4) I Young flush of leaves of Cenostigma pluviosum var. intermedium (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (Lima et al. 7901) J Fluted trunk of Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico, Oaxaca, (Hughes 1947) K Prickles on woody protuberances on a young trunk of Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil, Bahia (Lima et al. 7909) L Recurved spines of Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash, (Hughes et al. 3055). Photo credits A GP Lewis B AA Dreyer C Shivaprakash, iNaturalist (https: // inaturalist. ca / observations / 81864757) D M Thulin E WR Carr F-H, J CE Hughes I, K, L E Gagnon.

Figure 45. Distribution of Hoffmannseggia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.