Camaena gaolongensis Zhou, Wang & Lin, 2020

Wang, Pei, Hu, Mei-Ling, Lin, Jun-Hong, Yang, Hai-Fang, Li, Xiao-Jing & Zhou, Wei-Chuan, 2020, Descriptions of four new dextral land snails of the genus Camaena (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Camaenidae) from south China, ZooKeys 996, pp. 37-58 : 37

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.54187
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CF98F8DE-F863-419E-B904-183D85779CAB
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B657A19-59B9-46D2-B874-9DB7120730E9
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B657A19-59B9-46D2-B874-9DB7120730E9
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Camaena gaolongensis Zhou, Wang & Lin
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Camaena gaolongensis Zhou, Wang & Lin sp. nov. Figures 3B View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4 , 5B View Figure 5 , 7 View Figure 7 , Tables 3, 4, 5

Type material.

Holotype. [FJIQBC 19353] Shell height 23.8 mm, shell width 49.0 mm, height of aperture 14.0 mm, width of aperture 19.2 mm, 11 April 2015, collected from the type locality.

Paratype. [FJIQBC 19354] 1 live juvenile, 20 October 2014; [FJIQBC 19355-19356] 2 live adults, 11 April 2015.

Type locality.

Dayao, Gaolong, Tianlin, Guangxi, China (24°11'52.33"N, 105°43'40.56"E).

Etymology.

The name of the new species refers to the type locality.

Diagnosis.

Shell. Shell dextral, large, thick, strong, low, and flat conical. 4.5 whorls, the front whorls increasing slowly. Spire relatively low. Body whorl rapidly expanded. Shell dark brown with clear and dense growth lines on the surface. Apex quite blunt. Suture shallow. The protoconch surface smooth with scale marks, and some short growth lines clear near the outer side of suture under 32 × stereomicroscope. Body whorl with acute and carinate periphery, but no spiral band. Aperture U-shaped. Peristome reflected, white and thick. Columellar lip reflected. Umbilicus reddish brown, open, large, and only 2/5 covered. Inner lip attached to the body whorl, forming translucent callus.

Soft body. Brown with irregularly black lines and spots. Tentacles dark.

Reproductive system. Bursa copulatrix oval and medium sized with long pedunculus, expanded at the base, becoming thinner at the distal end. Flagellum long and smooth, tapering distally. Vas deferens long and thin. Epiphallus medium length and thick. Penis retractor muscle short, slender basally but wide and flat distally. Penis thick and medium length. Inner penial wall supporting longitudinal, stronger, and more widely spaced pilasters, smooth basally, curved distally. Verge irregularly conical, opened basally, extending from the base to the end, with several slanted wrinkles on the surface.

Habitat.

It is common in primary forest and loess areas, but it has not been found on the reclaimed lands outside the primary forest.

Distribution.

Only known from the type locality.

Remarks.

Camaena gaolongensis sp. nov. is clearly different from other dextral camaenids by its quite thick, low, flat, and dark brown conical shell resembling a flying saucer ( Chen et al. 1990, Schileyko 2011). Additionally, the longitudinal pilasters on the inner penial wall are stronger and more widely spaced, as well as smooth at the base but curved at the end, which are also distinct from the other dissected Camaena snails ( Ding et al. 2016, Ai et al.2016).

P -distances of the COI gene between C. gaolongensis sp. nov. and other dextral Camaena species are 0.075-0.203 (Table 3 View Table 3 ), and those between C. gaolongensis sp. nov., C. maguanensis sp. nov., and C. yulinensis sp. nov. are 0.085 and 0.104 respectively. Combining the topological structure of the phylogenetic tree, the new species C. gaolongensis sp. nov. is distinct from other dextral Camaena species.