Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

Trivedi, Jigneshkumar N., Doshi, Mahima, Patel, Krupal J. & Chan, Benny K. K., 2021, Diversity of intertidal, epibiotic, and fouling barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from Gujarat, northwest India, ZooKeys 1026, pp. 143-178 : 143

Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Figures 2H, I , 8

Examined material.

Two specimens (BD 5.33 and 5.59 mm), LFSc.ZRC-159, on carapace of crab Portunus sanguinolentus , Kuda, Bhavnagar (21°37.70'N, 72°18.40'E), 17 April 2019, Gujarat, India, sandy shore, leg. J. Trivedi.

Diagnosis.

Shell white, slightly conical and six-plated, radii board. Specimens living on turtles display oval-shaped depressions on radii of each shell plate. Specimens living on surfaces of decapods have a smooth outer surface, without any depressions on radii (Fig. 2I ). Aperture large, scutum and tergum reduced, elongated rectangular in shape (Fig. 2I ). Maxilla bilobed (Fig. 8A ); maxillule feebly notched, cutting edge straight (Fig. 8B ); mandible with five teeth, lower margin short (Fig. 8C-E ). Mandibulatory palp elongated with rough edges (Fig. 8F ). Labrum having cleft with numerous sharp teeth (Fig. 8G, H ).

Remarks.

Previously, Chelonibia living on decapods were identified as C. patula and Chelonibia living on sea turtles as C. testudinaria . Cheang et al. (2013) and Zardus et al. (2014) revealed there is no significant genetic difference between C. patula and C. testudinaria , suggesting that these are the same species and their morphological differences are the result of phenotypic plasticity. We consider C. testudinaria as including two major morphs. The Chelonibia patula morph has a smooth white shell and lives mainly on decapods, while the Chelonibia testudinaria morph has oval depressions on the radii and lives mainly on surfaces of turtles. Dwarf males are often housed in these depressions on the Chelonibia testudinaria morph ( Zardus and Hadfield 2004; Collareta 2020).

Worldwide distribution.

Chelonibia testudinaria has been recorded in the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea ( Pasternak et al. 2002; Rawson et al. 2003) including Greece ( Kitsos et al. 2003, 2005), Israel ( Pasternak et al. 2002), Italy (Relini 1980; Frazier and Margaritoulis 1990), and Turkey ( Bakir et al. 2010). Further records included Australia ( Jones and Hosie 2016), Pakistan ( Javed and Mustaquim 1994), and India ( Krishnamoorthy 2007).

Distribution in India.

This species has been reported from Gujarat (Frazier 1990; present study), Maharashtra ( Wagh and Bal 1974), Kerala (Pillai 1958), Lakshadweep Islands ( Hayashi 2013), Tamil Nadu ( Daniel 1956; Krishnamoorthy 2007), Andhra Pradesh ( Nilsson-Cantell 1938), Pulicat lake ( Daniel 1981), Odisha (formerly Orissa) ( Nilsson-Cantell 1938), west Bengal ( Daniel 1981), and Andaman and Nicobar Islands ( Nilsson-Cantell 1938).

Figures

Figure 2. Gujarat barnacles A Striatobalanus tenuis (Hoek, 1883) on gastropod shell (Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822) B top view of Striatobalanus tenuis (BD: 11.28 mm) LFSc. ZRC- 157 C external and internal view of scutum and tergum D Megabalanus tintinnabulum on shores LFSc. ZRC- 182 E external and internal view of scutum and tergum F Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854), top view, (BD: 12.38 mm) LFSc. ZRC- 181, external and internal views of scutum and tergum G Amphibalanus reticulatus (Utinomi, 1967), top view, (BD: 14.99 mm) LFSc. ZRC- 158, external and internal views of scutum and tergum H Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) on crab Portunus sanguinolentus I Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758), top view (BD: 5.33 mm) LFSc. ZRC- 159, internal view of scutum and tergum J Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758, (CL: 16.39 mm) LFSc. ZRC- 162, a. Side view of capitulum K Lepas anserifera Linnaeus, 1758, (CL: 16.28 mm) LFSc. ZRC- 183, Side view of capitulum.

Figure 8. Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758), (BD: 5.33 mm) LFSc. ZRC- 159, Light Microscopy on mouth parts A maxilla B maxillule C mandible D close up on the inferior angle of mandible E close up on the teeth of mandible F mandibulatory palp G labrum H close up view on the cutting edge of labrum, showing the teeth. Scale bars in µm.