Ruizodendron ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr.

Erkens, Roy H. J., Oosterhof, Jessica, Westra, Lubbert Y. T. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2017, Revisions of Ruizodendron and Pseudephedranthus (Annonaceae) including a new species and an overview of most up-to-date revisions of Neotropical Annonaceae genera, PhytoKeys 86, pp. 75-96 : 80-84

Ruizodendron ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. Figs 2 , 3

Ruizodendron ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr., Arkiv för Botanik Ser. 28B (4): 3. 1936. - Guatteria ovalis Ruiz & Pav., Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis 1: 146. 1798.

Type.

PERU. Huánuco: Pozuzo, anno 1782, Ruiz & Pavón s.n. (holotype MA [barcode MA811639 ], only photograph seen; isotype B) .

Description.

Tree, 5-45 m tall, 10-70 cm diam., buttresses to ca. 1.5 m high, young twigs longitudinally fissured, sparsely covered with appressed, silvery hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long, soon glabrous. Leaves: petioles 5-10(-15) by 1-2 mm; lamina elliptic to ovate, rarely narrowly so, 6-25 by 4-12 cm (index 1.5-2(-3)), chartaceous, olive green to greenish brown and shiny above in sicco, glaucous to pale brown below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed, silvery hairs to ca. 0.4 mm long mainly on larger veins below, base rounded with the extreme base slightly attenuate; apex obtuse, rarely acute; secondary veins 7-14 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised to flat above, shortest distance between secondary veins and margin 1-3 mm, tertiary veins strongly raised above, percurrent to reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, 1-flowered, rarely 2 together through auxiliary bud formation, often appearing on small, leafless lateral branches. Indument: pedicels, outer side of bracts and sepals densely covered with appressed, silvery hairs to ca. 0.4 mm long, petals sparsely so; pedicels 4-8 by 1 mm, fruiting pedicels to ca. 10 by 1-3 mm; bracts 2, soon falling, one bract placed just below the articulation, ovate, ca. 4 mm long, other bract placed at ca. 0.2 from the base of the pedicel, ovate-triangular, ca. 4 mm long; sepals ovate-triangular, 5-6 by 3-4 mm, soon falling; petals white to cream in vivo, black in sicco, narrowly elliptic, 20-50 by 3-5 mm, membranous, base widened enclosing the pollination chamber; torus slightly raised; stamens ca. 1.5 mm long; carpels ca. 1 mm long. Monocarps 1-10, green, maturing black in vivo, brownish black in sicco, transversely ellipsoid, 15-20{-25} by 10-16 mm, glabrous, apex excentrically apiculate (apiculum to ca. 1 mm long), wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; stipes 8-25 by 1-1.5 mm, excentrically placed. Seed transversely ellipsoid, 14-22 by 9-13 mm, orange-brown.

Distribution.

Colombia (Amazonas, Cundinamarca, Meta), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbios), Peru ( Huánuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Martín, Ucayali), Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba (?), La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre). Fig. 1 .

Habitat and ecology.

In tropical rain forest, often on alluvial soil. At elevations of up to 800 m. Flowering: July to September; fruiting: August to May.

Vernacular names.

Bolivia: Blanquillo (Vargas C. et al. 1133), Fariña seca de bajío (Dominguez & Gonzales 42), Ojojo blanco (DeWalt et al. 283, Neill & Quevedo 9386, Seidel et al. 5640), Ojoso (Vargas C. et al. 5366), Ojoso blanco (Del Aguila et al. 95), Ojoso negro (Cruz & Terceros 208, Meneces & Terceros 473, D.N. Smith et al. 14160, 14194A, 14215, 14346), Palo fino (Cruz & Medina 153), Periquina hoja menuda (Meneces & Hartshorn 777); Tumuqui (Tacana name) (DeWalt et al. 283). Brazil: Envira orelha de onça (Silveira et al. 1094), Piaçaba (Campbell et al. 9473a). Ecuador: Aparina cara caspi (Quichua name) (Zuleta 364), Shampipian (Ortega U. 233). Peru: Ochabaja (Begazo 61), Panjil ruro ( Albán C. 5878, Schunke V. 1203), Paujil ruro (Tello 257), Paujil ruro amarillo ( Kröll 217).

Specimens examined.

Bolivia. Beni: Prov. Moxos, 130 km S of San Ignacio, Del Aguila et al. 95 (U), 27 km from San Borja, along road to Trinidad , 260 m, D.N. Smith et al. 14160 (U), 14194A (U), 14215 (MO); Prov. Ballivian, 35 km on the road from Yucumo to Rurrenabaque, 230 m, D.N. Smith et al. 14346 (MO) . La Paz: Prov. Iturralde, Comunidad de Santa Fé, 250 m, DeWalt et al. 510 (U), Upper Madidi ridge top, 7 km NE of camp, 370-380 m, Gentry et al. 70691 (MO); Prov. Iturralde, Ixiamas, 90 m, Couvreur & Vargas 213 (MO, RB); Prov. Sur Yungas , Basin of Rio Bopi , Asunta, near Evenay, 690-750 m, Krukoff 10669 (A, F, G, K, MICH, MO, NY, S, U, UC, US); Prov. Sur Yungas , Upper Rio Beni, concession of cooperativa Sapecho , 600 m, Seidel et al. 5640 (U) . Pando: Prov. Manuripi, Batraja, 35 km E of Puerto Rico , 150 m, Chatrou et al. 453, 457 (U). Santa Cruz: San Rafael de Amboró, Centro de Estudios Ambientales, 400 m, Maas et al. 8762 (U); Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboró, Campamento Molle, San Germán, road from Yapacaní to Rio Ichilo , 400 m, Maas et al. 8773 (U); Prov. Ichilo, Reserve Forestal ' El Choré’, 240 m, Meneces et al 473, 476 (U); Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboró, 23 km S of Buena Vista , along Rio Chonta , 420 m, Nee 36863 (LPB, MO, NY, U); Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboró, 4 km SW of Buena Vista , S side of Río Surutu, 315 m, Nee 39391 (MO, NY, U, WIS); Prov. Ichilo, Reserva Forestal Choré, Río Ibabo, bosque experimental "Elias Meneces", 180 m, Neill et al. 9386 (G, MO); Prov. Sara, 400 m, Steinbach 7248 (A, E, F, G, K, LPB, MO, NY, U); Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboró, Rio Yapoje and Saguayo, 8 km SW of El Carmén , 360 m, Vargas C. et al. 1129 (MO), 1133 (NY, MO); Prov. Ichilo, El Carmen , 8 km SSW of Buena Vista , on the way to Huayti , 400 m, Vargas C. & Mendéz F. 5366 (U) . Brazil. Acre: Upper Rio Moa near Fazenda Arizona, Campbell et al. 6196 (U); Fazenda Bom Sossego, between Igarapé Cujubim and Igarapé Jacamin, Campbell et al. 8633, 9473a (U); Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul, Igarapé Humaitá, afflente do Rio Juruá, Colocação Várzea Grande, Cid et el. 10453 U); Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul , Rio Jurua , entrada do Igarapé Viseu, Cid et al.10535 (U); Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul , Upper Rio Jurua , Fazenda Calila Sara, Cid et al. 10839 (MO, U), Mun. Sena Madureira, Basin of Rio Purus , Rio Iaco , right bank, Nova Olinda, between Igarapé Santo Antonio and Igarapé Boa Esperança, Daly et al. 7909 (U); Mun. Marechal Thaumaturgo, Basin of Rio Juruá, Rio Bagé, Daly et al. 10245 (U); Mun. Manoel Urbano, Rio Chandles (tributary of Rio Purus ), downstream from Igarape Canamari , Daly et al. 11234 (U); Colonia Cinco Mil (" Seita do Cipo" ), Nelson 818 (MICH, MO, NY, RB, U, US); Mun. Xapuri, Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, Serigal Floresta, Colocação Rio Branco , Figueiredo 270 (U); Tarauacá, Bacia do Alto Jurua , Rio Tarauaca , Reserva Indigena Praia do Carapana , Colocação Nova Morada. Silveira et al. 1094 (U) . Colombia. Linden s.n. (CGE); Cundinamarca: Mun. Yacopi , vereda El Morro, 405 m, Rangel et al. 13563 (U) . Meta: Parque Nacional Natural Tinigua, Serranía Chamusa, Centro de Investigaciones Primatologicas La Macarena , Stevenson 299 (COL). Ecuador. Napo: Parque Nacional Yasuní, Pozo petrolero Daimï, 200 m, Cerón et al. 4227 (MO); Cantón Tena, Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 8 km E of Misahuallí , 400 m, Cerón et al. 5976 (G, GB, MO, U), Cantón Aguarico, Reserva Etnica Huaorani, 260 m, Dik 1220 (U), Parque Nacional Yasuní, Pozo petrolero Daimï I, Conoco, 230 m, Hurtado et a1. 21 (MO, U); Cantón Tena, Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 8 km E of Misahuallí , 450 m, Maas et al. 8600 (U), Río Napo, 8 km down the river from Puerto Misahuallí, 400 m, Neill & Palacios 7130 (U); Reserva Biológica Jatun Sacha, Río Napo, 8 km Río E of Misahualli , 450 m, Neill & Manning 8014 (U); Estación Experimental INIAP Payamino, 5 km NE of Coca , 250 m, Palacios et al. 1036 (AAU, F, U); Reserva Biológica Jatun Sacha, Río Napo, 8 km down the river from Misahualli , on right side, 450 m, Palacios 1421 (U, MO); Cantón Loreto, Payamino-Loreto road, Comunidad Jumandi, 350 m, Palacios 10950 (F, U); 30 km NNW of Coca, Río Huashito, Site of Proyecto Huashito , 250 m, T.D. Pennington 10609 (U); Cantón Tena, Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 400 m, Revelo 65 (U); Cantón Orellana, Sector Huashito, 20 km N of Coca, Propriedad de Palmoriente , 250 m, Rubio 249 (G, GB, K, MO); Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, confluence of Río Arajuno and Rio Puni , 450 m, Zuleta 39 (U), Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 400 m, Zuleta 364 (U) . Pastaza: Cantón Arajuno, Campamentos temporales 11-12, 785 m, Freire et al. 3468 (U) . Sucumbios: Reserva de Produccion Faunistica Cuyabeno , 1 km N of Laguna Grande , 265 m, Valencia et al. 68558 (AAU). Peru. Huánuco: Tingo Maria, Asplund 13193 (G, NY, S); Prov. Puerto Inca , Distr. Yuyapichis , Dantas , 270 m, Kröll 217 (G, NY), 569 (G), 623 (G), 781 (G); Prov. Pachitea, Distr. Honoria, Schunke V. 1203 (F, G, GH, K, MO, NY); Distr. Yuyapichis, Prov. Puerto Inca, Unidad Modelo de Manejo y Producción Forestal Dantas, 270 m, Tello 257 (G, MO, ibidem, Timaná 143 (G); Shapajilla, 630 m, Woytkowski 32 (F) . Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Yanamono, Explorama Tourist Camp, Río Amazonas halfway between Indiana and mouth of Rio Napo , 130 m, Gentry et al. 42403 (MO) . Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Río Heath, Pto. San Antonio, 210 m, Aguilar & Castro 916 (U), 1076 (U), Communidad Nativa, Sonene, ca 8 km above confluence with Río Madre de Dios, 180 m, Alexiades et al. 1210 (U); Prov. Manú, Parque Nacional de Manu, Estación Biológico Cocha Cashu, Chatrou et al. 157 (U), Parque Nacional “Bahuaja-Sonene”, Díaz et al. 9037 (U), Díaz & Ramírez 9548 (U); Cashucocha Camp, Río Manu, Parque Nacional de Manu , 380 m, Gentry et al. 26821 (U), 26952 (F); Cocha Cashu Biological Station , Parque Nacional de Manu , 400 m, Gentry 43334 (U), Gentry 43537 (MO); Tambopata Nature Reserve , junction of Rio La Torre and Rio Tambopata , 250 m, Gentry et al. 57751 (MO); Prov. Tambopata, 15 km ENE of Puerto Maldonado , Cusco Amazónico, 200 m, Gentry et al. 68713 (MO); Prov. Manu, Puerto Maldonado, Los Amigos Biological Station , Madre de Dios River, Janovec et al. 2014 (U), ibidem, 270 m, Maceda 7 (U); Prov. Tambopata , Cusco Amazónico, 200 m, Núnez et al. 10607 (MO); Prov. Manu, Rio Manu , Pakitsa - behind station, 350 m, Sobrevila et al. 1782 (F); Prov. Tambopata, Las Piedras , Cusco Amazónico, 200 m, Timaná et al. 1722, 2795, 3060 (MO) . San Martín: Prov. Huallaga, Barranca, 380 m, Albán C. 5878 (F); Juanjuí, Alto Rio Huallaga , 400 m, Klug 3798 (F, GH, K, MO, NY, S); Moyobamba - Tarapoto, km 20, 1000 m, T.D. Pennington & Daza 16708 (U; Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Distr. Tocache Nuevo, Quebrada de Saule Grande (margen derecho del Rio Huallaga ), Schunke V. 4387 (G, GH, K, MO, NY, US) . Ucayali: Prov. Pucallpa, Estación Experimental Alexander von Humboldt, Begazo 61, 99 (U); Prov. Coronel Portillo, Humboldt station , near Campo Verde, ca. 34 km SW of Pucallpa , 200 m, Morawetz & Wallnöfer 11-19985 (U); Prov. Coronel Portillo, Bosque Nacional Alexander von Humboldt, km 68 of Pucallpa-Tingo Maria road, 270 m, Oliveira 15 (MO); Prov. Ucayali, Distr. Pampa Hermosa, Pampa Hermosa , 240 m, Reynel R. 832 (U); Prov. Coronel Portillo, Bosque Nacional Alexander von Humboldt, km 68 of Pucallpa-Tingo Maria road, 270 m, Salazar 32 (MO); Canchahuayo , Río Ucayali, 500 m, Vásquez et al. 6958 (AAU, F, NY, MO, U) .

Notes.

This species is easily recognizable by a combination of oval and on both sides rounded leaves with an olive green colour, long and narrow petals (often drying blackish), and stipes and apicules that are excentrically placed.

Maas et al. 8773 from Bolivia: Inner layer of monocarps ca. 5 mm thick, orange-yellow, sweet and edible.

Figures

Figure 1. Distribution map of Ruizodendron ovale, Pseudephedranthus fragrans and P. enigmaticus.

Figure 2. a Flowering branch of Ruizodendron ovale b The asymmetrical, transversely-ellipsoid monocarps of Ruizodendron ovale (van der Werff 22749, MO). Missouri Botanical Garden, used with permission. Photograph 1 b downloaded from http: // www. tropicos. org. Photograph 1 a taken by Abel Monteagudo, 1 b taken by Rodolfo Vasquez.

Figure 3. Drawing of Ruizodendron ovale. a Top of a branch b Flower c Base of flower with part of petals removed to show the interior d Fruit e Monocarp f Monocarp in longitudinal section showing laterally attached seed g Seed viewed clockwise starting from right: longitudinal view, hilum side, and in longitudinal section. Drawings by H. Rypkema.