Hydriastele pinangoides (Becc.) Baker & Loo (2004: 66)

Petoe, Peter, Heatubun, Charlie D. & Baker, William J., 2018, A monograph of Hydriastele (Areceae, Arecaceae) in New Guinea and Australia, Phytotaxa 370 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

6. Hydriastele pinangoides (Becc.) Baker & Loo (2004: 66) . Nenga pinangoides Beccari (1877: 28) . Leptophoenix pinangoides (Becc.) Beccari (1885: 82) . Nengella pinangoides (Becc.) Burret (1936c: 315) . Gronophyllum pinangoides (Becc.) Essig & Young (1985: 135) . Lectotype (designated by Essig & Young (1985) based on an annotation by H. E. Moore in Florence, 1956]):— INDONESIA. West Papua Province: Ramoi, 1972, Beccari 430 (FI!)

Nenga affinis Beccari (1877: 29) . Leptophoenix affinis (Becc.) Beccari (1885: 82) . Nengella affinis (Becc.) Burret (1936c: 316) . Gronophyllum affine (Becc.) Essig & Young (1985: 136) . Hydriastele affinis (Becc.) Baker & Loo (2004: 62) . Type:— INDONESIA. West Papua Province: Kapaor, April 1872, Beccari s.n. (holotype FI!, isotype K!).

Nenga calophylla Schumann & Lauterbach (1900: 208) . Nengella calophylla (K.Schum. & Lauterb.) Beccari (1914: 27) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe Province: Sattelberg, Lauterbach 564 (holotype B†, type photo FI!).

Leptophoenix minor Beccari (1905: 298) . Nengella minor (Becc.) Burret (1936c: 315) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Mekeo Distr., San Giuseppe R., 10 November 1892, Loria s.n. (holotype FI!).

Gronophyllum densiflorum Ridley (1916: 232) . Leptophoenix densiflora (Ridl.) Burret (1936b: 205) . Nengella densiflora (Ridl.) Burret (1936c: 316) . Type:— INDONESIA. Papua Province: Mt. Carstensz [Mt. Jayawijaya], 1913, Kloss s.n. (holotype BM, isotype K!).

Leptophoenix incompta Beccari (1923: 452) . Nengella incompta (Becc.) Burret (1936c: 316) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. East Sepik Province: Ettapenberg, Ledermann 9017 (holotype B†).

Leptophoenix mayrii Burret (1933: 709) . Nengella mayrii (Burret) Burret (1936c: 314) . Gronophyllum cyclopense Essig & Young (1985: 136) . Hydriastele cyclopensis (Essig & B.E.Young) Baker & Loo (2004: 64) . Type:— INDONESIA. West Papua Province: Arfak Mts., Mayr 24 (holotype B†, isotype BO).

Leptophoenix micrantha Burret (1933: 710) . Nengella micrantha (Burret) Burret (1936c: 314) . Gronophyllum micranthum (Burret) Essig & Young (1985: 136) . Hydriastele micrantha (Burret) Baker & Loo (2004: 65) . Type:— INDONESIA. Papua Province: Wandammen Mts., 8 July 1928, Mayr 253 (holotype B†, isotype BO!).

Leptophoenix pterophylla Beccari (1934: 131) . Nengella pterophylla (Becc.) Burret (1936c: 316) . Type:—Cultivated in Bogor Botanic Gardens ex New Guinea, X D 114 (holotype FI!).

Leptophoenix yulensis Beccari (1934: 130) . Nengella yulensis (Becc.) Burret (1936c: 316) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Central Province: towards Mt. Yule, 8 December 1890, von Mueller s.n. (holotype MEL!, isotype FI!).

Leptophoenix macrocarpa Burret (1935: 340) . Nengella macrocarpa (Burret) Burret (1936c: 316) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Central Province: Mafulu, 1933, Brass 5299 (holotype B†, isotypes BRI!, NY!).

Leptophoenix brassii Burret (1935: 339) . Nengella brassii (Burret) Burret (1936c: 316) . Gronophyllum leonardii Essig & Young (1985: 134) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Western Province: Kubuna, 1933, Brass 5631 (holotype A, isotypes BO!, BRI!, NY!).

Leptophoenix microcarpa Burret (1935: 342) . Nengella microcarpa (Burret) Burret (1936c: 316) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Central Province: Dieni, 9 May 1933, Brass 3998 (holotype B†, isotypes A!, NY, BRI, BO!).

Nengella rhomboidea Burret (1939: 207) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Western Province : Palmer R., July 1936, Brass 7201 (holotype A!, isotype BRI).

Figure 12 (line drawing). Figure 13 (photo plate). Figure 14 (map).

Solitary or clustering, slender understorey or midstorey palm to 7(–10) m tall, bearing 5–10 leaves per crown. Stem (0.8–) 1.5–7.5 cm in diam. Leaf 50–157 cm long including petiole; sheath 15–52 cm long; petiole 15–54 cm long; leaflets 5–10(–13) per side, very variable in size and shape, irregularly arranged usually in 2 or 3 widely spaced groups, occasionally with portions of the lamina regularly pinnate, or very rarely the entire blade regularly pinnate, single- or multi-fold, broadly (rarely narrowly) cuneate, praemorse apically. Inflorescence (13–) 18–30 cm long including 1.5–3 cm peduncle, branched to 1 order, protandrous; rachillae 2–5(–6), pink; triads spirally arranged. Staminate flower 6–8 × 1–3 mm in bud (when dry), reddish; stamens 6. Pistillate flower ca. 4 × 3.5 mm at fruiting stage, crimson, with free sepals and free petals with conspicuous, triangular tips. Fruit 10–16 × 4–8 mm when ripe, ellipsoid or cylindrical to fusiform, pink, red, purple or blackish, with a distinct, dark, sclerotic zone encircling apical stigmatic remains (up to ca. 2 mm in diam.). Seed 6–10 × 2–4 mm, ellipsoid; endosperm ruminate.

Distribution:— New Guinea and the islands of Misool, Waigeo, and Kobroor in the Aru archipelago.

Habitat:— Lowland or premontane rainforest on well-drained to water-logged soil. Primary or secondary forest on clay, limestone karst and volcanic soils, 0–1350 m.

Uses:— Stems used for spears, spearheads, bow material, arrowheads and for sewing thatch, the foliage used as roofing material. Planted as an ornamental and used for magic.

Vernacular names:— Tapolo (Pawaian), Gilaia (Waskuk), Kobu (Wagu), Ugarreh (Daga), Mara (Ambakanjah) , Kupal (Gal), Tegradri (Irarutu), Bim, Kabim (Matbaat) , Yali (Biyal), Seraach (Maibrat), Sêméngbrè (Hattam). manggam (Maprik, unknown dialect), tooma (Western Province, unknown dialect).

Conservation status:— Least Concern (LC; Heatubun et al. 2018).

Specimens examined:— INDONESIA. Maluku Province: Aru Islands, Pulau Kobroor, 0 m, 6°15’S, 134°17’E, 6 November 1994, van Balgooy 6855 (K!, L!); West Papua Province: Ramoi, 0°57’S, 131°20’E, 1872, Beccari 430 (FI!, K!);Andai, 1872, Beccari 551 (FI!); Kabupaten Pegunungan Arfak,Arfak Mountains, Minyambou, Mt. Nerimbau, 1600 m, 1°8’S, 133°51’E, 19 May 1962, Koster BW 13879 (L!, LAE!, MAN); Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni, Concession of PT. Manokwari Mandiri Lestari, Blok RKT 2010, Jalur 22 Petak 18Y, 250 m, 18 July 2010, Heatubun CH 1040 (K!, MAN); Kabupaten Kaimana, Teluk Arguni, Distrik Arguni Bawah, Kampung Jawera, Hutan Manggai, 0 m, 3°4’S, 133°40’E, 3 October 2010, Heatubun CH 1074 (K!, MAN); Kabupaten Teluk Wondama, Distrik Wombu (Wasior Barat), Wosimi, Kambi Forest, 50 m, 3°0’S, 134°32’E, 18 August 2006, Heatubun CH 777 (BO, K!, MAN); Kabupaten Manokwari, Warmare; Valley of River Prafi, new road to Manyambo, 350 m, 0°47’S, 133°58’E, 25 August 1995, Dransfield JD 7605 (BO, K!); Manokwari, Kebar, Kebar Valley, forest immediately due N of Andjai in valley, 550 m, 0°55’S, 133°3’E, 30 April 1995, Davis 685 (K!); Manokwari Distr., Warmare, Prafi R. valley, new road to Manyanbo, 350 m, 0°47’S, 133°58’E, 25 August 1995, Zona 689 (FTG, K!); Manokwari Distr., Nuni, Sungei Asai, between Mt. Manggombo and Mt. Marwadibau, 0 m, 0°45’S, 133°56’E, 15 August 1995, Zona 671 (FTG, K!); Vogelkop Peninsula, Segior, North west side of Lake Ajamaru, 250 m, 1°14’S, 132°12’E, 10 March 1962, Vink BW 15285 (A, K!, L!); Sorong, Tourism Park, Klasaman, KM14, 50 m, 0°55’S, 131°22’E, 25 July 1996, Wally 490 (K!, MAN); Sorong, Waifoi village, Waigeo Island, Raja Ampat Islands, 200 m, 0°14’S, 130°50’E, 25 June 1997, Wally 702 (K!, MAN); Sorong, Waifoi Village, Waigeo Island, Raja Ampat Islands, 400 m, 0°14’S, 130°50’E, 25 June 1997, Maturbongs RAM 506 (K!, MAN); Sorong, Mamiai, Waigeo Island, 50 m, 0°20’S, 131°9’E, 25 June 1997, Heatubun 87 (K!, MAN); Manokwari, Cultivated, in the front of a mosque within the university area, 100 m, 0°51’S, 134°4’E, 13 August 1995, Keim AK 2 (K!); Wandammen Peninsula, Wasior Distr., Manokwari Regency, Kowi, near Wondiwoi village (formerly Kobiari Village), ca. 9 km S of Wasior, 900 m, 2°48’S, 134°32’E, 24 February 2000, Baker et al. 1057 (BO, K!, MAN); Siwi village, Ransiki Subdistr., Manokwari, 1°30’S, 134°2’E, 28 January 1999, Heatubun CH 290 (BO, FTG, K!, MAN); Raja Ampat Regency, Misool Island, Motlol, 0 m, 1°53’S, 129°44’E, 22 January 2002, Heatubun CH 358 (K!, MAN); Sorong Distr., Cape Seget, Seget Camp, 0 m, 1°20’S, 131°0’E, 26 January 2002, Heatubun CH 367 (K!, MAN); Sorong Distr., around Wavari Logging Camp, 10 km SW of Limalas village, 0 m, 21 January 2002, Wanggai 04 (BO, K!, LAE, MAN); Sorong Distr., N Misool Island, about 20 km W of Waigama village, near Motlol Camp, 0 m, 1°53’S, 129°44’E, 22 January 2002, Maturbongs 699 (BO, K!, LAE, MAN); Sorong Distr., Warsamson, Warsamson R., 0 m, 0°49’S, 131°23’E, 28 January 2002, Heatubun 373 (K!, MAN); Tambrouw Regency, Fef Distr.; Forest above Fef, 550 m, 0°48’S, 132°27’E, 26 January 2013, Baker 1377 (BO, K!, L, MAN); Papua Province: Wandamen Mts., 1400 m, 8 July 1928, Mayr 253 (BO!); Kapaor, April 1872, Beccari s.n. (FI!, K!); Fak-Fak, Timika, Road to Kali Kopi from mile 38. Loc 35, 100 m, 4°25’S, 136°56’E, 6 February 1998, Baker et al. WJB 819 (BH, BO, K!, MAN); Fak-Fak, Timika, between Timika and port, peat lens (plot 22) Loc 20, 0 m, 4°47’S, 136°51’E, 16 February 1998, Witono JK 17 (BH, BO, K!, L, MAN); Jayawijaya, Snow Mountains region, E of the Baliem Valley, Kab. Jayawijaya, Kec. Kurima, vicinity of Panggema village, 1350 m, 4°10’S, 139°20’E, October 1992, Milliken 1423 (K!); Mt. Carstensz [Mt. Jayawijaya], 4°5’S, 137°11’E, 12 January 1912, Kloss s.n. (K!); Jayapura, North Cyclops Mts., 150 m, 2°30’S, 140°32’E, 30 January 2001, Desianto BD 03 (AAU!, K!, MAN); Cyclops Mts., on grassy slope above Ifar, 400 m, 2°33’S, 140°31’E, 31 December 1954, Mackee 1868 (L!); Fak Fak, Kaimana distr., Kroy village, 100 m, 3°38’S, 135°42’E, 27 November 2000, Mehen SM 08 (AAU, CANB, K!, LAE, MAN); 4 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg R., 900 m, 3°29’S, 139°6’E, March 1939, Brass 13095 (A!, L!); Same locality as preceding, 850 m, 3°29’S, 139°6’E, March 1939, Brass 13434 (A!); 6 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg R., 1200 m, 3°30’S, 139°5’E, February 1939, Brass 12872 (A!, L!); Same locality as preceding, 1100 m, 3°30’S, 139°5’E, February 1939, Brass 12953 (A!, L!); Same locality as preceding, 1150 m, 3°30’S, 139°5’E, February 1939, Brass 12998 (A!, L!); Same locality as preceding, 1100 m, 3°30’S, 139°5’E, February 1939, Brass 12952 (A!, L!); Same locality as preceding, 1100 m, 3°29’S, 139°6’E, February 1939, Brass 12997 (A!). PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Central Province: Mafulu, 1250 m, 8°33’S, 147°7’E, September 1933, Brass 5299 (BRI!, NY!); Dieni, Ononge Road, 500 m, 8°37’S, 146°50’E, April 1933, Brass 3998 (A!, BO!, BRI, NY); Veimauri logging site, 9°2’S, 147°3’E, 5 September 1984, Naoni UPNG 6146 (LAE!, US); Kubuna, 100 m, 8°42’S, 146°45’E, November 1933, Brass 5631 (A!, BO!, BRI, NY); Head of Goldie R. some 4 km from the National walking track entrance, 400 m, 9°21’S, 147°31’E, August 1981, Naoni UPNG EKN s.n. (LAE!); Kairuku Subdistr., near Mipa Airtstrip, Maipa village, 50 m, 8°20’S, 146°33’E, 18 September 1962, Darbyshire 973 (CANB!); Sogeri Plateau, 550 m, 9°25’S, 147°26’E, 1 August 1962, Pullen 3460 (CANB!); Pourt Moresby Subdistr., logging road between Kuriva & Veimauri Rivers, 50 m, 9°5’S, 147°5’E, 27 February 1972, Essig LAE 55185 (LAE!); Port Moresby Subdistr., Owers Corner, Kokoda Trail, 9°25’S, 147°30’E, 1 March 1972, Essig LAE 55187 (BH, LAE!); Towards Mt. Yule, 8 December 1890, Mueller s.n. (FI!, MEL!); Chimbu Province: Crater Mt, Wildlife Management Area, near Haia village, Wara O., 650 m, 6°43’S, 145°0’E, 3 March 1997, Takeuchi 11697 (A!, GH); East Sepik Province: Maprik Subdistr., Prince Alexander Range, SE side of Mt. Turu, near Yangoru Patrol Post, Wewak-Angoram Area, 600 m, 3°37’S, 143°22’E, 19 August 1959, Pullen 1504 (CANB!, LAE!); Ambunti Subdistr., eastern ridge of Sumset (Mt. Hunstein), 1200 m, 4°30’S, 142°39’E, 17 August 1966, Hoogland 11052 (CANB!, LAE!); Gulf Province: Purari Delta, 32.5 km E of Baimuru, 0 m, 7°29’S, 145°6’E, 24 March 1974, Croft LAE 61091 (BH, L!, LAE!); Baimuru Subdistr., Purari R., delta area 32.5 km east of Baimuru, 0 m, 7°31’S, 145°7’E, 24 March 1974, Croft LAE 61085 (LAE!); Baimuru Subdistr., Vailala R., 70 km at 110 degrees from Baimuru, 50 km at 318 degrees from Kerema, 50 m, 7°38’S, 145°28’E, 4 April 1974, Croft LAE 61279 (BH, LAE!); Milne Bay Province: Raba Raba Subdistr., Junction Ugat and Mayu Rivers, near Mayu, 350 m, 9°37’S, 149°10’E, 30 June 1972, Streimann NGF 28658 (LAE!); Same locality as preceding, 350 m, 9°37’S, 149°10’E, 13 July 1972, Streimann NGF 28835 (BH, BRI, L!, LAE!); Maiyu R., E of Mt. Suckling, 450 m, 9°40’S, 149°10’E, 14 June 1972, Pullen 8296 (BH, CANB!, L!, LAE); N slopes of Mt. Dayman, Maneau Range, 700 m, 9°41’S, 149°17’E, 15 July 1953, Brass 23422 (A!); Raba Raba Subdistr., Mayu camp site I, Mt. Suckling, 400 m, 9°37’S, 149°10’E, 9 June 1972, Leach NGF 33288 (BH, LAE!); Morobe Province: Sattelberg, Lauterbach 564 (B†, FI!); Sattelberg, 6°29’S, 147°47’E, 17 September 1935, Clemens 135 (L!); same locality as preceding, 6°29’S, 147°47’E, 13 January 1936, Clemens 1623 (L!); same locality as preceding, 6°29’S, 147°47’E, June 1936, Clemens 298 (L!); Kwaimengu, Aseki patrol area, 1150 m, 7°21’S, 146°12’E, 23 April 1966, Craven 1424 (CANB!, L!, LAE!); Kumbok Mt, N of Busu R., 300 m, 6°33’S, 146°59’E, 26 January 1993, Takeuchi 8691 (A!, L!, F); Same locality as preceding, 400 m, 6°33’S, 146°49’E, 20 January 1993, Takeuchi 8680 (A!); Between Gobadik and Gawam, 350 m, 6°33’S, 146°59’E, 5 February 1993, Takeuchi 8743 (A!); Lae Subdistr., along Mo R., a few miles SW of Ana village, 50 m, 7°49’S, 147°32’E, 29 Jan 1972, Essig LAE 55167 (BH, LAE!); Lae Subdistr., along small stream, ca. 1/ 2 mile NW of Ana Village, 50 m, 7°48’S, 147°33’E, 27 January 1972, Essig LAE 55155 (BH, LAE!); Menyamya Subdistr., 2 miles SE of Aseki Patrol Post on Aseki-Koki Rd, 1200 m, 7°20’S, 146°14’E, 9 January 1972, Essig LAE 55140 (BH, LAE!); Huon Peninsula, Masba Creek area, ca. 3 miles S of Pindiu, 600 m, 6°27’S, 147°31’E, 22 May 1964, Hoogland 9030 (CANB!); Lae Distr., Lae Botanic Garden, 0 m, 6°45’S, 147°0’E, 29 April 1974, Katik NGF 38000 (LAE!); Lae Subprovince, Lae Botanical Garden, 0 m, 6°45’S, 147°0’E, 9 April 1978, Young LAE 74011 (BH, LAE!); Mumeng, Gurakor, along Bulolo Road, 450 m, 6°45’S, 147°0’E, 15 September 1971, Essig LAE 55005 (BH, LAE!); Oro Province: Managalase area, Near Pongani Falls SE of Sila, 600 m, 9°5’S, 148°23’E, 21 August 1964, Pullen 5767 (CANB!); Sandaun Province: Wutung Subprovince, Oenake Range, foothills of Mt. Bougainville, 550 m, 2°37’S, 141°0’E, 7 September 1982, Kerenga LAE 56427 (L!, LAE); Telefomin, Delongkim Creek, Old village site on bank of Delongkim Creek near junction with Hak River, 750 m, 5°8’S, 141°35’E, 16 October 1993, Morren 3059 (K!); Telefomin Subprovince, Carpentaria Exploration Company, Frieda R. Camp, 50 m, 4°40’S, 139°55’E, 26 April 1978, Essig LAE 74050 (BH, LAE!); Southern Highlands Province: Lake Kutubu, side of Mendi track, 6°9’S, 143°39’E, 23 May 1956, Gray NGF 8135 (A, BRI!, LAE!); Mount Bosavi, Kolok, near Bona Village, WWF Integrated Conservation and Development Project Area, 700 m, 6°26’S, 142°47’E, 2 February 1996, Baker et al. WJB 616 (BH, K!, LAE); near Waro airstrip, 20 km SSW of Kutubu, 500 m, 6°31’S, 143°10’E, 15 October 1973, Jacobs s.n. (L!); Lake Kutubu, Wanunuku, near to Tugiri, WWF Integrated Conservation and Development Project Area, 900 m, 6°21’S, 143°13’E, 12 February 1996, Baker et al. 665 (BH, K!, LAE); Waro and Ubogo Villages, Kutubu dist., 450 m, 6°32’S, 143°12’E, 14 September 1993, Takeuchi 9242 (A, LAE!); Mt. Bosavi, Northern side, 1000 m, 6°26’S, 142°50’E, 23 October 1973, Jacobs 9405 (L!, LAE!); Unknown Province: Mt. Belford, 1100 m, Armit s.n. (MEL!); San Giuseppe, 10 November 1892, Loria s.n. (FI!); Western Highlands Province: Kopiago Subdistr., Batane, off Tari Rd, 9 miles from Kopiago, 1350 m, 5°22’S, 142°33’E, 30 October 1968, Womersley NGF 37233 (LAE!); Western Province: Palmer R., 2 miles below junction with Black R., 5°47’S, 141°42’E, July 1936, Brass 7201 (A!, BRI); North Fly Distr., Junction of Harvey Creek and Ok Mani R., 10 km WNW of Tabubil, 750 m, 5°14’S, 141°8’E, 14 December 2000, Baker et al. 1137 (K!, LAE); Kiunga, Fly River (Bulge), 200 m, 7°2’S, 140°2’E, 28 March 1968, Millar NGF 35430 (A, BH, BO, BRI, CANB, K!, L!, LAE!, NSW); Nomad Subprovince, across R., 2 km from Nomad, 6°20’S, 142°15’E, 18 April 1978, Essig LAE 74029 (BH, LAE!); Same locality as preceding, 152 m, 6°20’S, 142°15’E, 18 April 1978, Essig LAE 74028 (BH, LAE!); Kiunga, 50 km NE of Ningerum, 650 m, 7°22’S, 141°28’E, HYN 212 (LAE!). CULTIVATED. INDONESIA. West Java Province: Bogor Botanic Gardens ex New Guinea, X D 114 (FI!). UNITED STATES. Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, 20 August 2002, Chapin 80 (K!, PTBG).

Notes: — Hydriastele pinangoides is a common, slender understorey to midstorey palm. It is distinguished by its leaves, which typically have 5–10 broadly cuneate leaflets on each side of the rachis arranged in 2 or 3 distinct groups, in combination with 18–30 cm long inflorescences (rarely as short as 13 cm) comprising 2–6 rachillae, and ruminate endosperm. Rarely, the leaflets can be more-or-less regularly arranged and narrowly cuneate prompting comparison with Hydriastele divaricata and H. simbiakii , but H. divaricata has divaricate leaflets and inflorescences with 1–2 rachillae, while H. simbiakii has flexible, usually leaning stems and 14–16 leaflets on each side of the rachis. Hydriastele pinangoides can be confused with some pinnate leaved forms of H. flabellata although this species has a shorter inflorescence (up to 15 cm long), spicate or with 2 rachillae (up to 3 rachillae is known from cultivation), and homogeneous endosperm.

Heatubun et al. (2018) discuss the morphology and delimitation of H. pinangoides in more detail.

Figures

FIGURE 12. Hydriastele pinangoides. A. Leaf diagram. B. Leaf apex. C. Mid-leaf portion. D. Leaf base. E. Inflorescence with attached peduncular bract. F. Infructescence. G. Portion of rachilla with triads. H. Staminate flower whole and in longitudinal section. I. Fruit whole, in longitudinal section, and in transverse section. Scale bar: A = 24 cm; B–D = 8 cm; E–F = 4 cm; G–H = 5 mm; I = 7 mm. A–H from Pullen 5767; I from Baker et al. 1057. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.

FIGURE 13. Hydriastele pinangoides. A. Habit. B. Portions of rachillae with triads. C. Infructescence. D. Portion of rachilla with fruit. A, C from Baker et al. 665; B, D from Baker et al. 1377. All photos: W.J. Baker.

FIGURE 14. Distribution map of part of the species of the Nengella group of Hydriastele.