Campsurus violaceus

Molineri, C., Salles, F. F. & Emmerich, D., 2015, Revision of Campsurus violaceus species group (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) with new synonymies and nomina dubia in Campsurus Eaton, 1868, Zootaxa 3920 (1), pp. 51-68 : 54

Violaceus species group

The following combination of characters defines this group: 1) in the male genitalia the pedestals ( Figs. 1−8, 11 , 28−33 , 38−39 ) are subquadrate to subrectangular and somewhat flat, with the inner distal corner roundly projected posteriorly, always more developed than the outer corner (that may even be absent); 2) penes finger-like ( Figs. 1−6, 8−11 , 28−30 , 38, 40 ), ventrally curved, and relatively well sclerotized except on a membranous portion ("t" in Figs. 3 , 28 and 40 ); and 3) finger-like portion of penes arising from a single wide pyramidal base that extends somewhat to the outer margin (pb in Figs. 3 , 7−8 , 28 , 40 ); 4) each foretarsal segment with apical margin sclerotized and slightly projected ventrally; 5) adults of both sexes present the mesofurcasternal protuberances with straight parallel inner margins; 6) female adults show a single anterior socket on sternum VIII ( Figs. 34−35 , 41−42, 45−46 ); 7) eggs with a large polar cap formed by many long threads coiled around each other ( Figs. 43−44 ); 8) nymphs present long and slender mandibular tusks, with a row of pointed denticles on inner margin, the most basal one ("st" in Fig. 12 ) (called "subbasal tubercle" in other works, e.g. Domínguez et al. 2006) is larger than the others ("d" in Fig. 13 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 − 4. Photographs of male genitalia (types): 1, C. violaceus holotype slide (CUIC); 2, C. meyeri paratype (rehydrated and mounted on slide MACN); 3, C. notatus holotype slide (CUIC); 4, C. truncatus paratypoid (pinned, ZMH). Abbreviations: ip = inner projection (pedestal); op = outer projection (pedestal); p = penes; pb = pyramidal base (penes); t = ” thumb ” (penes).

FIGURES 5 − 11. Male genitalia (types): 5, C. violaceus, v. v. (holotype); 6, C. notatus, v. v. (holotype); 7, C. notatus, v. v. (paratype); 8, C. meyeri, v. v. (holotype?); 9, same, lateral view; 10, C. paranensis, l. v. (holotype); 11, same, v. v. Abbreviations: dpa = dorsal portion of penean arm; pb = pyramidal base (penes); pj = pedestal joint; vpa = ventral portion of penean arm.

FIGURES 28 − 37. C. truncatus. Imago: 28, male genitalia, v. v. (Colombian specimen); 29, same (slide IBN 28 CM); 30, same (slide IBN 31 CM); 31 − 33, pedestals, variations, v. v.; 34, detail of female sockets; 35, female sternum VIII. Nymph: 36, outline of inner edge of left mandibular tusk; 37, left mandibular tusk. Abbreviations: f = furrow; ip = inner projection (pedestal); op = outer projection (pedestal); p = penes; pb = pyramidal base (penes); s = socket; st = subbasal tubercle; t = " thumb " (penes).

FIGURES 38 − 40. C. molinai sp. nov., male adult. 38, male genitalia, v. v.; 39, pedestal, detail, v. v.; 40, penes and pedestals, v. v. (photograph). Abbreviations: ip = inner projection (pedestal); op = outer projection (pedestal); p = penes; pb = pyramidal base (penes); t = " thumb " (penes).

FIGURES 41 − 46. Female sternum VIII and eggs. C. violaceus: 41, sternum VIII (s = socket); 42, detail of socket; 43, egg. C. decoloratus: 44, eggs; 45, sternum VIII; 46, detail of socket. Abbreviations: f = furrow; r = rib; s = socket.

FIGURES 12 − 20. C. violaceus, mouthparts: 12 − 13, photographs of mandibular tusks (different specimens from Santa Fé, showing morphological variations), dorsal view; 14 − 15, mandibular tusks, d. v. (basal U-row of filtering setae omitted); 16 − 17, hypopharynx, ventral and lateral view; 18 − 19, maxilla, ventral and oclusal view; 20, labium, lateral view. Abbreviations: bg = basal gill; d = denticles; st = subbasal tubercle; s = stout spine-like setae.