Holcojoppa, CAMERON, 1902

Sime, Karen R. & Wahl, David B., 2002, The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1), pp. 1-56 : 39

HOLCOJOPPA CAMERON, 1902 B

Holcojoppa Cameron 1902b: 180 . Type-species: ( Holcojoppa flavipennis Cameron ) = Psilomastax orientalis Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.

Pedinojoppa Heinrich 1960: 109 . Type-species: ( Pedinopelte orientalis Szépligeti ) = Holcojoppa pyrina Townes, Townes, & Gupta. Original designation. Synonymized by Townes et al. (1961).

Autapomorphies. Supra-antennal area medially with two low vertical ridges (#13–1); vertex with posterior section 1.0–1.3¥ as long as ocellar triangle, strongly convex (#14–1); epicnemial carina dorsally incomplete (#19–1).

Species and distribution. There are nine described species in the genus, distributed from eastern Russia south to Java, Sumatra, and the Celebes. An undescribed species ( Holcojoppa sp. 2 ) is found in El Salvador [AEIC].

Comments. As discussed above (see Taxonomy), four species have been moved from Trogus to Holcojoppa : bicolor (Radoszkowski) , heinrichi (Uchida) , mactator (Tosquinet) , and tricephalus (Uchida) .

Biology. Holcojoppa species are larval–pupal parasitoids of Papilionidae . Species for which reliable records exist appear all but one to specialize on Rutaceae-feeding Papilio species : H. coelopyga (Morley) on Papilio helenus L. ( Morley 1915), H. formosana (Matsumura) on P. polytes L. (Konishi, pers. comm.), H. heinrichi (Uchida) on P. memnon L. and P. protenor Cramer ( Mell & Heinrich 1931) , H. pyrina (Townes, Townes, & Gupta) on P. demolion Cramer ( Waterston 1926) and P. polytes ( Bascombe et al. 1999) , and H. tricephalus (Uchida) on P. bianor Cramer and P. xuthus ( Mell & Heinrich 1931) . The exception is H. mactator , which has been reared from Graphium sarpedon (L.) feeding on Cinnamonum (Lauraceae) ( Iwata 1961) and possibly from the umbellifer-feeder P. machaon ( Uchida 1924, 1926; 1955), in addition to the Rutaceae-feeders P. xuthus ( Watanabe 1979) , P. maackii Ménétriés ( Tosquinet, 1889) , and P. bianor ( Bischoff, 1915) . Holcojoppa mactator is particularly well known from ecological studies as a common parasitoid of P. xuthus , often emerging from 30 to 50% of field-reared pupae ( Tsubaki, 1973; Watanabe, 1979, 1981; Hirose et al., 1980). It oviposits into and has been successfully reared from all instars of this host ( Omata, 1984).