Scopula sacraria (Bang-Haas, 1910)

Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi & Rajaei, Hossein, 2023, Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae), Zootaxa 5359 (1), pp. 1-96 : 41-43

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D52D6D50-FFAB-FFEA-FF6F-FB2AFAAFDD08
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Scopula sacraria (Bang-Haas, 1910)
status

Treatment

( Plate 9, Figs 11–12; Plate 20 View PLATE 20 , Figs 2–3; Plate 27 View PLATE 27 , Figs 4–5; Map 14)

Acidalia sacraria Bang-Haas, 1910 . Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris 24 (3): 42. Syntypes ♁, ♀ ( Russia, Uralsk ) (MNHU).

Glossotrophia romanaria semitata Prout, 1913 . In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde 4: 83. Holotype ♁ ( Lebanon, Baalbeck ) (NHMUK, examined). Valid at subspecific rank.

Glossotrophia asellaria taurica Wehrli, 1930 . Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, 23 (37/38): 430. Syntypes ♁, ♀ ( Turkey, Maras ) (NHMUK & ZFMK, examined). Valid at subspecific rank.

Glossotrophia ariana Ebert, 1965 . Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 142: 10. Holotype ♁ ( Afghanistan: Sarobi ) (SMNK, examined). Valid at subspecific rank.

Glossotrophia semitata fumata Hausmann, 1993 : Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 83: 88. Holotype ♁ ( Cyprus: Platres ) (NHMUK). Valid at subspecific rank.

Glossotrophia bullata Vojnits, 1986 View in CoL . Annales Musei historico-naturalis hungarici, 78: 219. Holotype ♀ ( Iran, Baloutchistan , Bendar Tchahabar) (SMNK). Here regarded as synonym to S. sacraria ariana based on morphological examination and the lack of clear geographical delimitation from this subspecies.

Synonymies (for more details on nomenclature see Scoble 1999 and Hausmann 2004): Glossotrophia tangii Ebert, 1965 ( Afghanistan: Sarobi); Glossotrophia ghirshmani Wiltshire, 1966 ( Afghanistan: Kabul).

For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004).

Type material examined. Glossotrophia romanaria semitata Holotype ♁, [ Lebanon], Baalbeck, at light, v.05, [leg.] P. P. Graver, NHMUK 014173556 View Materials ; in NHMUK.

Glossotrophia asellaria taurica Paratype 1 ♁, [ Turkey], Taurus c., Marasch, 10.v.[19] 28, 700 m, leg. E. Pfeiffer, NHMUK 014173537 View Materials , g. prep. NHMUK 010317462 View Materials ; Paratype 1 ♀, [ Turkey], Taurus c., Marasch, 15-30.v.[19]29, 7-900 m, leg. E. Pfeiffer, NHMUK 014173538 View Materials , g. prep. NHMUK 010317463 View Materials ; in NHMUK.

Glossotrophia ariana Paratype 1 ♁, O.- Afghanistan, Sarobi , 1100 m, 17.iv.1962, g. prep. G 40 ; Paratype 1 ♀, same data, but 19.iv.1962, g. prep. G 44; all in SMNK .

Glossotrophia tangii Holotype ♁, O.- Afghanistan, Sarobi , 1100 m, 29.x.1962, g. prep. G 43 ; Paratype 1 ♀, same data, but 16.ix.1963, g. prep. G 43; all in SMNK .

Glossotrophia ghirshmani Holotype ♁, Afghanistan, Kabul, 15.vii.[19]43, leg. Ghirshman for coll. Wiltshire, g. prep. E.P. Wiltshire 1165; in NHMUK . Paratype 1 ♀, O.- Afghanistan, Sarobi , 1100 m, 3.vii.1956, leg. H. G. Amsel, g. prep. 2259/2020 H. Rajaei ; Paratype 1 ♁, N.- Afghanistan, Polichomri , 700 m, 28.v.1956, leg. H. G. Amsel, g. prep. 2260/2020 H. Rajaei ; Paratype 1 ♁, same data, but 5.v.1956, leg. H. G. Amsel, g. prep. 2266/2020 H. Rajaei; all in SMNK .

Glossotrophia bullata Holotype ♀, Iran, Baloutchistan , Bender Tchahbahar, Dezember 1937 coll. Brandt [holotype, couldn´t be traced at SMNK, only genitalia preparation slide was available]; in SMNK.

Additional material examined: 458 ♁/ ♀ (see appendix).

Diagnosis. Wingspan ♁ ♀ 17–22 mm. In Iran, Scopula sacraria can externally be confused with S. diffinaria , S. orbeorum and S. chalcographata , but these species could be easily diagnosed based on their genitalia characters.

In the male genitalia 8th sternite basally strongly elongated, both cerata long and narrow (sternite, with polymorphic cerata, cerata short or right ceras long and slender, left ceras short or both cerata long in S. diffinaria ; sternite, with both cerata of medium size in S. orbeorum ; sternite, with right ceras of medium size, left ceras short in S. chalcographata ) (see Plate 19 View PLATE 19 , Figs 2–4; Plate 20 View PLATE 20 , Fig. 1–3).

In the female genitalia lamella antevaginalis with a large squared sclerite (similar in with a large squared sclerite in S. diffinaria and S. orbeorum ; with a large sub-rectangular sclerite in S. chalcographata ). Antrum with long and narrow sclerite, posteriorly notched (long sclerite, posteriorly notched in S. diffinaria and S. orbeorum ; long sclerite, posteriorly strongly notched in S. chalcographata ) (see Plate 26 View PLATE 26 , Fig. 6; Plate 27 View PLATE 27 , Figs 1–5).

Phenology. Tri- or plurivoltine species, with generations between mid-February to mid-November, bivoltine in higher altitudes (Hausmann 2004; Hausmann et al. 2020). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from April to September.

MAP 14. Distribution pattern of Scopula sacraria ariana in Iran.

Biology. Larva feeding on Caryophyllaceae ( Hausmann et al. 2020) . Adults feed on Caryophyllaceae , Linum catharticum ( Linaceae ), probably on Polemonium and Polygonum ( Polygonaceae ) (Hausmann & D̂tterl 2004; Hausmann 2004).

Habitat. At altitudes from 0 m to 300 m, in the Middle East and Central Asia to 2200 m, and in Israel from - 400 m to 1500 m (Hausmann 2004; Hausmann et al. 2020). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from 700 m to 2860 m.

Distribution. In the Levant, Greece southern Turkey, northern Iraq, Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkmenia, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan (Hausmann 2004; Hausmann et al. 2020). In Iran this species is represented by the subspecies S. sacraria ariana and widely distributed from the northern, western and central parts of Iran to southern Iran (Map 14). Reported in the literature also for the province Azerbaijan-e Sharghi ( Lehmann & Zahiri 2011; Hausmann 2004). Reports of the subspecies semitata from the provinces Bushehr, Fars and Khorasan-e Razavi by Brandt and Wiltshire ( Brandt 1939; Brandt 1941; Wiltshire 1941; Wiltshire 1966) refer to the subspecies ariana .

DNA-barcoding. Nearest species: S. rufotinctata (Prout, 1913) with 3.5 % (see Supplementary Table S1).