Scopuloides Hausmann, 1994

Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi & Rajaei, Hossein, 2023, Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae), Zootaxa 5359 (1), pp. 1-96 : 12

Scopuloides Hausmann, 1994 stat. rev.

Scopuloides Hausmann, 1994 . Nota Lepidopterologica, 16 (3/4): 196. Type species: Acidalia fucata Püngeler, 1909 .

Remarks. This genus was regarded as a synonym of Scopula by Sihvonen (2003, 2005a), which is in concordance with its morphological characters: venation with one areole in the forewing venation; veins R1–5 on a common stalk arising from the areole; hindwing with veins Rs and M1 on a short stalk (see Plate 2D ); male genitalia with socii short, strongly adjacent or crossed; sacculus broad; aedeagus with one cornutus; 8th sternite bend ventrally; left ceras long, right ceras short ( Hausmann 1994); female genitalia with papillae anales with two lobes; lamella antevaginalis big ( Hausmann 1994). The main criterion why this genus was considered different to Scopula is the number of spurs, which is not in accordance with Scopula .

The phylogenetic analysis in the present paper allows different classifications, but we decided to treat Scopuloides as valid genus (see Systematics part and Plate 1 ).

Figures

PLATE 1. Phylogenetic position of the focus taxa of this study (highlighted in blue): Cinglis humifusaria stat. rev. (Cinglis revived from synonymy under Scopula), Cinglis benigna comb. nov. (taxon benigna transferred from Scopula to Cinglis), Scopuloides fucata stat. rev. (Scopuloides revived from synonymy under Scopula), Scopula sacraria, Scopula diffinaria and Scopula chalcographata (data supports classification of these taxa in Scopula, not in Glossotrophia, and the latter is considered a junior synonym of Scopula) within the tribe Scopulini. The numbers above the branches are Rapid Bootstrap support (RBS) on the best scoring ML tree (Stamatakis 2008). Values ≥ 85 (%) indicate supported clades.

PLATE 2. Wing venation of Scopulini genera existent in Iran. A: Problepsis wiltshirei, stat. rev., B: Cinglis humifusaria stat. rev., C: Cinglis benigna comb. nov., D: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev., E: Scopula ornata and F: Scopula relictata.