Torrendiella ciliata Boud.

Johnston, Peter R., Park, Duckchul, Baral, Hans-Otto, Galán, Ricardo, Platas, Gonzalo & Tena, Raúl, 2014, The phylogenetic relationships of Torrendiella and Hymenotorrendiella gen. nov. within the Leotiomycetes, Phytotaxa 177 (1), pp. 1-25 : 7-9

Torrendiella ciliata Boud. in Boudier & Torrend, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 27: 133 (1911). (Figs. 4–6)

Synonyms: Dasyscyphus ciliatus (Boud.) Saccardo, Syll. fung. 24(2): 1205 (1928);?= Rutstroemia rubi Velen., Monogr. Discom. Bohem. (Prague) : 229 (1934);?= Rutstroemia hirsuta Dennis, Kew Bull. 13(3): 460 (1959) [1958].

Apothecia formed on fallen leaves and corticated twigs, singly or scattered, indistinctly erumpent through epidermis or periderm, mature apothecia 0.5–1.7 mm diam. when fresh, disc greyish-white to light cream-ochraceous-brownish, slightly concave to flat, receptacle greyish-ochraceous, with medium dense, dark reddish-brown, straight setae, stipe 0.2–1 × 0.28–0.4 (–0.5) mm, non-translucent, greyish-ochraceous, dark brown at base, covered by ± scattered setae. Asci *(98–) 115–140 (–160) × (12–) 13–14 (–15) µm {3}, †(88–) 95–120 (–138) × (7–) 8–12 (–13) µm {10}, 8-spored, pars sporifera *50–63 µm long (spores obliquely biseriate), †60–85 µm (spores irregularly 1–2-seriate), living mature asci protruding ~0–3 µm beyond paraphyses; ascus apex conical, wall at apex †3.7–4.2(–4.8) → 2.8–3.2 µm thick, apical ring staining strongly blue (bb) in IKI, forming a thick-walled tube in lower 3/4 of wall, with distinct basal protrusion that surrounds a small apical chamber, apically strongly laterally widened ( Sclerotinia - type); base with short, thick stalk arising from simple septa with basal protuberances {6}. Ascospores *(15–) 17–21.5 (–24) × (5–) 5.5– 6.5 (–7) µm {4}, †(11.5–) 13–17.5 (–20.8) × (4–) 5–6 (–6.5) µm {10}, ellipsoid-fusoid, homo- or slightly heteropolar, both ends obtuse, medium to strongly curved (falcate), containing 1(–2) large lipid bodies 2.5–5 µm diam. in each half and many medium-sized and small ones, containing one central nucleus, with delicate sheath that slips off the spore; postmature spores 1-3 septate (as reported by Graddon 1979), not becoming pigmented. Paraphyses apically straight or slightly flexuous, undifferentiated, terminal cell *~40–52 × 3–4.7 µm, overmature sometimes capitate-spathulate and *4–6 µm wide; containing strongly refractive vacuolar bodies (VBs) at a length of (40–) 55–75 µm, hyaline, often divided into several bodies, individual VBs short to often very elongate, multiguttulate only at the base, staining bright turquoise-blue in aqueous Cresyl blue and deep red-brown in IKI, lower cells *13–27 µm long, often branched at lower septa. Ectal excipulum three-layered: outer zone (ec1) of flexuous, narrow, meandering hyphae with thin walls encrusted with light to bright, olive- to red-brown pigment (banded aspect), arranged parallel to the surface (textura porrecta); median layer (ec2) of hyaline, non-gelatinized textura prismatica, towards margin of strongly gelatinized textura oblita; inner zone (ec3) a non-gelatinized t. porrecta with light brown, slightly encrusted walls. Medullary excipulum hyaline, of a medium dense, hyaline textura prismatica to t. porrecta, upwards oriented in centre, obliquely horizontal at the flanks, individual cells *35–75 × 6–13 µm, much shorter below the hymenium. Setae arising from the central layer of the ectal excipulum, rooting at a length of up to 40–45 µm, (120–) 200–350 (–450) × 9–13 µm, 16–24 µm wide at the swollen base, 7–15-septate, septa (0.5–) 1–2.5 (–3.5) µm thick, wall in middle and lower part (1.5–) 2–3 (–3.5) µm thick, smooth, bright to dark red- to olive-brown, towards the strongly tapered apex pale olive-cream, terminal cell 4–6 µm wide, wall 0.5–1 µm thick.

Habitat:—on fallen, usually previous year’s leaves of Quercus coccifera {2}, Q. ilex {3}, Q. suber {4}, Cistus ladanifer {1} lying in moist litter, on petioles or main veins at upper face of leaves, also on bark of a twig of? Quercus suber {1}. Atlantic to Mediterranean Europe, Macaronesia.

Phenology:—(Oct.–)Nov.–May(–July).

Specimens examined:— BELGIUM. Flanders, Flemish-Brabant, 21 km ESE of Brussels, 1 km SE of Terlanen, Rodebos-Laanvallei, 95 m, cane of Rubus fruticosus agg., 3 March 2013, R. Vandiest, vid. B. Declercq (B.D. 13/105, photograph only examined). FRANCE: Poitou-Charentes, dépt. Charente-Maritime, Ile de Ré, 2 km SE of St.-Martinde-Ré, 1.8 km W of La Flotte, Les Maraises, 19 m, Quercus ilex fallen leaves, 23 November 2008, M. Hairaud (M.H. 71108, photograph only examined). dépt. Charente, 7.5 km ESE of Cognac, 1.5 km WSW of Bourg-Charente, 55 m, Quercus ilex fallen leaves, 15 July 2012, M. Hairaud (M.H. 70712, photograph only examined). GREAT BRITAIN. Workestershire: 5 km NW of Bromsgrove, Chaddesley Woods, 120 m, leaves of Rubus fruticosus , 10 November 1971, M.C. Clark (J.T.P. 4486, photograph only examined). PORTUGAL. Norte (Viana do Castelo): Valença do Minho, Quercus suber fallen leaves, 10 March 1989, J.T. Palmer (fungarium of J.T. Palmer 4484). SPAIN. Galicia: Pontevedra, 25 km SE of Santiago de Compostela, route P-204 (between Bandeira and Merza) 240 m, Quercus suber fallen leaves, 26 Oct. 1987, J.T. Palmer J.T.P. 4381, 4382 (AH 6762, CUP 061925). Asturias: 20 km NNE of Villablino, 2.4 km N of Pola de Somiedo, 703 m, Quercus ilex fallen leaves, 1 May 2008, E. Rubio (E.R.D. 4435, photograph only examined). Andalucía: Huelva, Sierra de Aracena, 7 km NW of Aracena, 0.2 km S of Cortelazor, Finca El Palancar, 655 m, Quercus suber and Cistus ladanifer fallen leaves, 15 November 1997, J.T. Palmer & R. Galán (AH 7127). 11 km WNW of Aracena, 2.5 km E of Galaroza, Área Recreativa de Valdelarco, 685 m,? Quercus suber fallen twig, on bark, 16 January 2010, J.F. Moreno, P. Siljeström, D. Estrada & D. Merino (D.M.A. 20100116, photograph only examined). 20 km NW of Aracena, 2 km E El Repilado (route N-433, km 72), 450 m, Quercus suber fallen leaves, 23 November 1990, R. Galán (AH 6761). Extremadura: Cáceres, Monfragüe National Park, Villarreal de San Carlos, slope of the Monfragüe castle, 450 m, Quercus suber fallen leaves, 24 October 1988, J.T. Palmer (fungarium of J.T. Palmer 4488) Valenciana: Valencia, 14 km SSE of Valencia, El Saler, 0.5 km SSE of Les Gavines, Gola de Puçol, 6 m, Quercus coccifera fallen leaves, 5 January 2010, R. Tena & J. Ormad (R.T.10010501, photograph only examined). Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, 14 km SSE of Valencia, El Saler, 0.3 km SE of Les Gavines, 5 m, Quercus coccifera fallen leaves, 12 Nov. 2011, R. Tena (R.T. 11111202, photograph only examined). Islas Baleares: Mallorca, s’Estret, 2 km E of Valldemossa, 340 m, Quercus ilex fallen leaves, 3 November 2001, R. Galán et al. (AH 7538, F 132996).

FIGURE. Torrendiella ciliata . a. Leaf of Quercus suber with apothecium on mid vein. b. Apothecium (rehydrated). c. Ascospores. d. Ascus apices in IKI (left: after ejection). e. Simple-septate ascus bases with a basal protuberance. All elements in dead state.— Spain, Andalucía, Huelva, Cortelazor (H.B. 7096, AH 7127).