Euplectrus flavipes (Fonscolombe)

Hansson, Christer & Schmidt, Stefan, 2018, Revision of the European species of Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with a key to European species of Euplectrini, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 67, pp. 1-35 : 15

Euplectrus flavipes (Fonscolombe)

Figures 13 , 33-35 , 51

Spalangia flavipes Fonscolombe, 1832:299. Lectotype female, designated by Bouček (1970:88) in OUMNH, examined. Combined to Euplectrus by Fonscolombe (1840:192).

Euplectrus cacoeciae Ferrière, 1941:42. Holotype female in NHM, examined. Synonymized with E. flavipes by Bouček (1970:88).

Material

(74♀ 39♂). Bosnia /Hercegovina: 1♀ (NHM); Cyprus : 19♀ 11♂ (NHM), this material includes 1♀ from Spodoptera litura , 6♀ 4♂ from Spodoptera exigua , 6♀ ♂ from Heliothis sp. on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ), 22♀ ♂ from Plusia sp. on alfalfa; Czech Republic : 20♀ 14♂ (MZLU, ZSM), this material includes 13♀ 8♂ from Alsophila aescularia on Carpinus betulus and 2♀ and Populus alba , 1♂ from Carcina quercana on C. betulus , 1♂ from Cosmia trapezina on C. betulus , 3♀ from Cyclophora annularia on Acer campestr e; France : 15♀ 9♂ (NHM, ZSM), this material includes 1♀ 2♂ from Alsophila aescularia , 1♀ from Colobochyla salicalis , 1♀ 1♂ from unknown caterpillar on Sonchus sp; Greece : 1♀ (MZLU); Hungary : 1♀ (MZLU); Italy : 1♀ (NHM); Macedonia : 1♀ (NHM); Romania : 6♀ (MZLU; NHM); Serbia : 3♀ (NHM); Slovenia : 2♀ 1♂ (MZLU, NHM), this material includes 1♀ from unidentified noctuid caterpillar on tomato; Spain : 1♀ 2♂ (NHM); Switzerland : 1♀ 1♂ (MZLU), this material includes 1♀ 1♂ from Mamestra brassicae ; Turkey : 2♀ 1♂ (NHM), this material includes 2♀ 1♂ from Plusia sp. Detailed geographic information of all barcoded specimens is listed in Suppl. material S1 .

Diagnosis.

Frons below level of toruli with pale area not extending laterally to the eye but with a wide dark stripe between pale area and eye in both sexes (Figs 33 , 34 ); midlobe of mesoscutum with a complete median carina (Fig. 51 ); female with pale area in anterior ½ of first gastral tergite large and with narrow brown margins, margins about ½ as wide as width of petiole (Fig. 35 ); male gaster with pale part in anterior ½ reaching margin in posterior part, thus interrupting the dark lateral margins of the gaster (Fig. 13 ); female gaster with apex pale (Fig. 35 ).

Hosts.

Tortricidae : Archips rosana (L.) ( Ferrière 1941). New/confirmed records: Depressariidae : Carcina quercana (Fabricius) on Carpinus betulus . Erebidae : Colobochyla salicalis (Denis & Schiffermüller); Geometridae : Alsophila aescularia (Denis & Schiffermüller) on C. betulus and Populus alba ; Cyclophora annularia (Fabricius) on Acer campestre ; Noctuidae : Cosmia trapezina (L.) on C. betulus ; Heliothis sp.; Mamestra brassicae (L.); Plusia sp.; Spodoptera exigua Hübner; Spodoptera litura Fabricius, unidentified noctuid caterpillar on tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ).

Distribution.

Bulgaria ( Ferrière 1941), France ( Fonscolombe 1832), Bosnia/Hercegovina, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey (new/confirmed records). This species seems to occur only in Central and South Europe, but not in northern Europe. Hedqvist (2003) listed E. flavipes from Sweden, from the province of Södermanland. One of us (CH) has seen this material in coll. Hedqvist (now in NHM), a reared series consisting of 15 females and four males and they are misidentified. Instead these specimens belong to E. bicolor .

Genetic data.

Euplectrus flavipes consists of eight subclusters, each of which was assigned a different BIN by the BOLD system (Fig. 63 ). The subclustering coincides with a higher than usual intraspecific variation of 5.3%. Geographic subclustering in this species is prominent and four of the haplotypes have been recorded from a single country only, whereas the other haplotypes occurred in two or more countries. In Romania, three haplotypes, each with a different BIN, represented by four specimens, were recorded (Suppl. materials S1, S2). The analysed specimens do not represent the full distributional range of the species, and it is therefore to be expected that more haplotypes are present in the species. A more comprehensive sampling regime and analysis of more material and additional gene regions is required to assess the status the genetically different populations of E. flavipes .

Figures

Figure 63. Neighbour-joining tree of Euplectrus, with colours indicating different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). For a fully resolved tree with additional terminal taxa information, including sequence length and country of origin, see Suppl. material S 2.

Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male.

Figures 27 - 35. Euplectrus spp.: 27 - 29 E. intactus (Walker) 27 head frontal, female 28 head frontal, male 29 gaster dorsal, female 30 - 32 E. maculiventris Westwood 30 head frontal, female 31 head frontal, male 32 gaster dorsal, female 33 - 35 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe) 33 head frontal, female 34 head frontal, male 35 gaster dorsal, female.

Figures 48 - 51. Euplectrus spp., mesosoma dorsal, female: 48 E. bicolor (Swederus) 49 E. intactus (Walker) 50 E. maculiventris Westwood 51 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe).