Cyathea phalerata Martius (1822: 146)

Lehnert, Marcus, 2016, A synopsis of the exindusiate species of Cyathea (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida) with bipinnate-pinnatifid or more complex fronds, with a revision of the C. lasiosora complex, Phytotaxa 243 (1), pp. 1-53 : 43-44

58. Cyathea phalerata Martius (1822: 146) . Alsophila phalerata (Mart.) Martius (1834: 67) . Trichipteris phalerata (Mart.) Barrington (1976: 5) . Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: “Crescit in silvis montanis ad Almadam et alibi Provincia Bahiensi”, C.F.P. Martius s.n. (lectotype M!, here designated, isolectotypes B-20-0000286!/-20-0000300!, BM-000937690!/-000937691!, K-000589884!/-000589885!, NY-00148740!, US-00066274! [fragment of NY]).

Alsophila paleolata Martius (1834: 68) . Cyathea paleolata (Mart.) Copeland (1932: 30) . Trichipteris paleolata (Mart.) Tryon (1970: 46) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Pro. Minarum silvis e.g. ad Villa Rica, 1818, C.F.P. Martius s.n. (lectotype M!, here designated, isolectotypes B-20-0000301!, NY-00148723! [fragment of B]). Exclcuded syntypes: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Without locality, without date, C.F.P. Martius s.n. (M! [labeled “Prov. Sebast. et Bah., S.Paulique, 1818”]); Paraná: Sebastionopolis in silvis montanis, 1818, C.F.P. Martius s.n. (M!).

Alsophila blanchetiana Presl (1849: 28) . Alsophila blancheti Trevisan (1851: 165) , nom. superfl. Cyathea blanchetiana (C.Presl) Domin (1930: 98) . Type:— BRAZIL. Bahía: Without locality, without date, Blanchet 77 (lectotype PRC-452783!, here designated, isolectotype BM-000937705!).

Alsophila contracta Fée (1869: 167) . Cyathea contracta (Fée) Domin (1929a: 262) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Petropolis, 17 April 1868, A. Glaziou 2296 (lectotype P-00167444! [Herb. Cosson], here designated, isolectotypes BR-0000006987633!, K-000589883!, NY! [fragment of P], P-00167445!/-00631764!, S-06-798!).

Alsophila eriocarpa Fée (1869: 162) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, August 1867, A. Glaziou 1706 (lectotype P-00631742 [Herb. Cosson], here designated, isolectotypes BR-0000006987602!/-0000006987930!/-0000006988272!, P-00631743–00631750! [Herb. Cosson], NY! [fragment of P], US [fragment of P]). Excluded syntypes — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, without date, A. Glaziou 987 (P! [Herb. Cosson], BR-0000006987916!, NY! [fragment of P]).

Alsophila ludovicana Fée (1869: 169) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Saint Louis, Serra do Orgaos, 11 October 1867, A. Glaziou 1785 (lectotype P-00631751! [Herb. Cosson], here designated, isolectotypes BR-0000006987923!/-0000006988258!, K-000589875!, P-00631752!/-00631753! [Herb. Glaziou], S-06-989!).

Alsophila scobriculata Fée (1869: 157) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: “ Tijuca, près du Bico de Papagaio , 2 April 1868, Glaziou 2293 (lectotype P-00631757 [Herb. Cosson], here designated, BR-0000006987626, K-000589881, NY-00148800 [fragment of P], P-00631758!/-00631759 [Herb. Cosson]). Excluded syntypes:—“Brasilia fluminensi,” Glaziou 378 (P [Herb. Cosson]); Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca , 2 April 1868, Glaziou 2294 (A-00020439!/-00020440, BR-0000006987619!/-0000006987947, K-000589882, NY-00148799 [fragment of P], P-00631760!/-00631761! [Herb. Cosson], S-06-992 – 06-994 !) ; Juiz de Fora à Uba, 9 April 1868, Glaziou 2295 (B-20-0000299!, BR-0000006987978!/-0000006988302, MPU-015181, P-006317627-00631763! [Herb. Cosson]) .

Alsophila unguis-cati Fée (1869:165) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: “St. Louis, aux Orgues” = [San Ludovico], 25 April 1868, Glaziou 2297 (lectotype P-00631766! [Herb. Cosson], here designated, isolectotypes B-20-0000298, BR-0000006987961!/-0000006988296!, K-000589876!, NY! [fragment of P], P-00631767–00631770!, S-06-990!).

Alsophila goyazensis Christ in Schwacke (1900: 33). Type:— BRAZIL. Goias: “Plateau de Goyaz,” 1894–1895, Glaziou 22630 (lectotype P-00631772!, here designated, isolectotypes B-20-0000287!/-20-0000289!, BR-0000006987640!, LE-00008045!, NY-00148682!, P-00631771!/-00631773!).

Alsophila paulistana Rosenstock (1907: 67) . Cyathea paulistana (Rosenst.) Domin (1929a: 263) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campinas, without date, Ulbricht 141 (holotype S-R-210!).

Distribution and habitat: —Eastern Brazil and eastern Bolivia at 35–1400 m in gallery forests and Mata Atlântica.

Remarks: —Several names are here excluded from the synonymy of this species ( Barrington 1978) because of uncertainties in the typification. Cyathea phalerata is wide-ranging and variable, and intermediate in its morphology between the rather glabrescent C. iheringii and the strongly pubescent C. mexiae . Barrington (1978) treated C. iheringii as variety of C. phalerata , which in many cases was not further considered in the determinations. The type of C. phalerata (with few pale squamules and rather inconspicuous pubescence on the veins abaxially) comes closer to C. iheringii whereas the type of Alsophila paleolata (with squamules quite numerous and veins visibly hairy abaxially; treated here as synonym of C. phalerata ) resembles C. mexiae . The distinction of these three species ( C. iheringii , C. mexiae , C. phalerata ) may be quite artificial and simply maintains established names ( Barrington 1978).

“ Alsophila phalerata (Mart.) Mart. var. latiloba Domin ” (1929b: 90) and “ Cyathea phalerata Mart. var. latiloba Domin ” (1930: 147) are nomina.nuda.