BIGNONIACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

BIGNONIACEAE

Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 149 (1818) Syn: Bignonia paniculata L. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Seashore and forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Maracas-Tucuche; Nariva; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 22% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1834 (K). TRINIDAD: Santa Cruz, Baker s.n. (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, 7.5 m.p., Johnson 1193 (BM, TRIN); Aripo Heights, sine coll. (TRIN 14433); Tamana Road, Kalloo 499 (MO); Moruga, Broadway 9086 (BM, MO). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Anemopaegma chrysoleucum (Kunth) Sandwith, Lilloa 3: 459 (1938) Syn: Anemopaegma belizeanum Blake ; Anemopaegma grandiflorum Sprague ; Anemopaegma paraense Bureau & K.Schum. ; Anemopaegma surinamense Sprague ; Bignonia chrysoleuca Kunth Exotic.

Anemopaegma karstenii Bureau & Schum., Fl. Bras. 8: 130 (1896) Syn: Anemopaegma carrerense Arm. ; Distictis robinsoni J.R.Johnst. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Northern coastal and savanna districts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Chacachacare; Gasparee; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Monos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 25% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 38% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 25% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 18% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 50% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Pigeon Hill, Sandwith 1800 (K). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 1480), Baker s.n. (TRIN 14688); Hololo Mountain Road, Broadway 7559 (BM, MO); Nariva Swamp, Adams 14253 (TRIN); San Fernando Hill, sine coll. (TRIN 1479, TRIN 1488). Global range: Greater Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil.

Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verl. var. thyrsoidea (A.DC.) Bureau, Fl. Bras. 8: 32 (1896) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Evergreen lowland and lower montane forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Central Range. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples); Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Bay, sine coll. (TRIN 13992). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Arrabidaea inaequalis (DC. ex Splitg.) K.Schum. , in Engl. & Prantl ex K.Schum. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4: 214 (1894) Syn: Bignonia inaequalis DC. ex Splitg. ; Tetrastichella inaequalis (DC. ex Splitg.) Pichon Habit : Climber. Habitat: Evergreen lowland and lower montane forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Southern Watershed; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Santa Cruz, Broadway 2288 (GH, MO); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (NY, TRIN 8431); Between Arima and Sangre Grande , Skovsted 36 (MO); Piarco Savanna, Britton & Broadway 2316 (GH,

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US). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America (, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Arrabidaea oxycarpa Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 301 (1916) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Semideciduous forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Moruga, Britton & Broadway 2419 (K, TRIN 10032). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil.

Arrabidaea patellifera (Schltdl.) Sandwith, Kew Bull. 22: 413 (1968) Syn: Petastoma broadwayi Sprague & Riley Habit : Climber. Habitat: Semi-deciduous and evergreen lowland to montane forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Central Range; Cumaca; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Monos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 19% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 22% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. George, Webster & Miller 9938 (A); St. Clair, Broadway s.n. (NY, TRIN 8413); Saddle to Piedra Blanca, Adams 13685 (TRIN); Quinam Beach, Johnson 1330 (TRIN 35404). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Arrabidaea pubescens (L.) A.H.Gentry, Brittonia 25: 239 (1973) Syn: Arrabidaea blanchetii DC. ; Arrabidaea lundellii Standl. ; Arrabidaea mollis (Vahl) Bureau ex K.Schum. ; Arrabidaea sieberi DC. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Semi-deciduous forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, Broadway 4201 (L, M); Saddle to Piedra Blanca, Adams 13696 (TRIN); Piarco Savanna, Crueger s.n. (K); Moruga, Broadway ‘15981’ (NY). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Callichlamys latifolia (Rich.) K.Schum. , in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4: 223 (1894) Syn: Bignonia latifolia Rich. ; Bignonia rufinervis (DC.) Griseb. ; Callichlamys riparia Miq. ; Tabebuia rufinervis Hoffmanns. ex DC. Exotic.

Ceratophytum tetragonolobum (Jacq.) Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1934: 222 (1934) Syn: Anemopaegma tobagense Urban ; Ceratophytum brachycarpum Pittier ; Ceratophytum tobagense (Urban) Sprague & Sandwith Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Maracas-Tucuche; Monos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.- Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 42% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 28% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 3493 (BM, NY), Broadway 9060 (A, BM, K); Store Bay, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11165). TRINIDAD: Sangre Grande , Britton 2834 (K, US); Plum Road, sine coll. (TRIN 13561); Tamana Hill , sine coll. (TRIN 15175). Global range: Lesser Antilles ( Grenada), southern Mexico, Central America ( Belize to Panama), Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Crescentia cujete L., Sp. Pl. 2: 626 (1753) Common Name: Calabash. Exotic.

Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 191 (1863) Syn: Bignonia aequinoctialis L. Common name: Basket Liane. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Southern districts, mainly near the coast, often in swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Nariva; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mt. St. George, Broadway 4558 (BM); Scarborough, sine coll. (TRIN 11154). TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 7621 (BM, MO); Salybia, Broadway s.n. (WIS); Claxton Bay railway station, Broadway 9273 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Distictella magnoliifolia (Kunth) Sandwith, Lilloa 3: 460 (1938) Syn: Distictella broadwayana Urban ; Distictella

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racemosa (Bureau & K.Schum.) Urban ; Distictis racemosa (Bureau & K.Schum.) Urban Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Near Menna, Broadway 4753 (BM). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos, Loefgrenia 50:2 (1970). Exotic.

Jacaranda brasiliana (Lam.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 174 (1806) Exotic.

Jacaranda caerulea (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. 446 (1862) Exotic.

Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don, Bot. Regist. 8: t. 631 (1822) Exotic.

Jacaranda obtusifolia Bonpl., Pl. Aequin. 1: 62 (1808) Exotic.

Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. , Niger Fl. 463 (1849) Exotic.

Syn. Tabebuia ochraceae (Cham.) Standl. Lundia corymbifera (Vahl) Sandwith, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 34: 229 (1937) Syn: Bignonia corymbifera Vahl ; Bignonia umbrosa Kunth ; Lundia umbrosa (Kunth) Bureau Common name: White Bignonia . Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest trees and in secondary growth. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Catshill-Basse Terre; Chacachacare; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 11% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 22% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 14% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Cumuto, Broadway 5740 (BM, MO); Longdenville, Davidse 2609 (AAU, MO); Moruga Road, Broadway 3190 (K); La Brea, Lehmann 8703 (B). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina.

Macfadyena uncata (Andrews) Sprague & Sandwith, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 34: 215 (1937) Syn: Bignonia uncata Andrews ; Bignonia uncinata G.Mey. ; Macfadyena uncinata (G.Mey.) A.DC. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Coastal swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Louis d’Or, sine coll. (TRIN 14967). TRINIDAD: Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 1487); Government House, sine coll. (TRIN 10135); Laventille, Crueger s.n. (K); Chaguanas, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 1494, US); Mayaro, sine coll. (TRIN 12083); Godineau River, Britton 2913 (NY, US). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G.Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 273 2008. Syn: Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H.Gentry, Batocydia unguis-cati (L.) Mart. ex Britton; Bignonia unguis-cati L.; Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers. Common name: Cat’s Claw, Cat’s Claw Creeper, Claw Vine, Griffe Chatte, Shower of Gold. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest, secondary woodland and on planted trees. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Chacachacare; Chaguanas-Couva; Gasparee; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Huevos; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Monos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 19% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 69% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 61% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 60% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: near Botanic Station, Broadway 2990 (F, L, M, MO); Signal Hill, sine coll. (TRIN 14551). TRINIDAD: North Coast Road, near Saddle, sine coll. (TRIN 14599); Port of Spain, sine coll. (TRIN 14587), Britton 2827 (GH, NY, US); Laventille Valley, Othmer s.n. (M, MO); St. Augustine, sine coll. (TRIN 14576), Adams 14817 (NY, TRIN); Arima, sine coll. (TRIN 8321, TRIN 8440); Caroni South Bank Road, sine coll. (TRIN 14588, TRIN 14589); Green Hill, Adams 14679 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in subtropical and tropical America and the Caribbean.

Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: 782 (1980) Syn: Adenocalymna alliacea Sw. ; Adenocalymna obovatum (Lam.) Miers ; Bignonia alliacea Lam. ; Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.) Sandwith ;

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Pseudocalymma sagotii (Bureau & K.Schum.) Sandwith Common Name : Garlic Vine, Liane d’Ail. Exotic.

Mansoa kerere (Aubl.) A.H.Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: 783 (1980) Syn: Adenocalymna foveolatum (DC.) Baill. ; Bignonia kerere Aubl. ; Pachyptera kerere (Aubl.) Sandwith Habit : Climber. Habitat: Roadside. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Nariva; SW Erin-Guapo; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 8% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Mayaro, sine coll. (TRIN 12084). Global range: Greater Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Mansoa verrucifera (Schltdl.) A.H.Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 62 (1976) Syn: Adenocalymna helicocalyx Kuntze ; Adenocalymna moritzii Urban ; Bayonia helicocalyx (Kuntze) Dugand ; Onohualcoa helicocalyx (Kuntze) Sandwith Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Huevos; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Point Radix; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 36% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 25% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare Island, Howard 10429 (A); Caroni River, Kuntze 1153 (K, NY); Tamana Hill, Herklots s.n. (K, TRIN 15123); Pointe a Pierre, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 1486). Global range: Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Markhamia obtusifolia (Baker) Sprague, Kew Bull. 1919: 312 (1919) Exotic.

Martinella obovata (Kunth) Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 8: 161 (1896) Syn: Bignonia martini DC. ; Spathodea obovata Kunth Common Name : Ukee, Ukee-Ukee. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Northern, central and southern districts, locally common climbing on trees by rivers. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 24% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Great Dog River Valley, Sandwith 1746 (K). TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 6688 (BM, MO, S, US), Broadway 9357 (U); Piarco Savanna, Sandwith 1939 (U). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Melloa quadrivalvis (Jacq.) A.H.Gentry, Brittonia 25: 237 (1973) Syn: Bignonia populifolia DC. ; Melloa populifolia (DC.) Bureau ex K.Schum. Exotic.

Millingtonia hortensis L.f., Suppl. 291 (1782) Exotic.

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 237 (1877) Exotic.

Pandorea jasminoides (Lindl.) K.Schum. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4: 230 (1894) Exotic.

Paragonia pyramidata (Rich.) Bureau, K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Raekke 6, Naturvidensk. & Math. Afd., 6: 422 (1892) Syn: Bignonia laurifolia Vahl ; Bignonia pyramidata Rich. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Evergreen lowland to montane forests and from dry hillsides to swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; North Central Coast; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 28% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, Broadway 4576 (BM, MO, U); Easterfield Road, sine coll. (TRIN 13560). TRINIDAD: Blanchisseuse, Broadway 2273 (L); Tamana, Broadway 5600 (BM, MO). Global range: Widespread in subtropical and tropical Americas.

Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem., Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 27 (1973) Syn: Parmentiera edulis DC. Exotic.

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Parmentiera cereifera Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 5: 182 (1854) Exotic.

Phryganocydia corymbosa (Vent.) Bureau ex K.Schum. , in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 4: 224 (1894) Syn: Macfadyena corymbosa (Vent.) Griseb. ; Spathodea corymbosa Vent. Common Name : Basket Liane. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Common in all districts, growing on bushes and high trees, and in association with mud volcanoes. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Huevos; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.- Santa Cruz; Piarco-Arima; Point Radix; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 26% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 56% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 7620 (BM); Four Roads, Riley 212 (BM, MO); Quinam Beach, Johnson 1331 (TRIN 35405). Global range: Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Missouri), Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Margarita, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Pithecoctenium crucigerum (L.) A.H.Gentry, Taxon 24: 123 (1975) Syn: Bignonia echinata Jacq. ; Pithecoctenium aubletii Splitg. ; Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Baill. Common name: Monkey Comb, Monkey’s Hairbrush. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest and forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Central Range; SW Erin-Guapo; San Fernando; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caroni South Bank Road, sine coll. (TRIN 14597), Baker s.n. (S, TRIN 14608); Cumaca Road, sine coll. (TRIN 14615); Claxton’s Bay, sine coll. (TRIN 8450); Sangre Grande, sine coll. (TRIN 14403). Global range: Widespread in subtropical and tropical Americas and the Caribbean.

Pleonotoma variabilis (Jacq.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3: 184 (1863) Syn: Bignonia variabilis Jacq. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Evergreen lowland forests, sometimes in full exposure, climbing over low shrubs and grasses. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Aripo Heights; Central Range; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 23% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 19% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 7555 (BM); San Juan, Broadway 6080 (BM); San Fernando Hill, Broadway 6081 (BM). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Fl. Cap. 4: 450 (1904) Exotic.

Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 188 (1863) Common Name: Trumpet Vine. Exotic.

Saritaea magnifica (Sprague ex Steenis) Dugand, Caldasia 3: 263 (1945) Exotic.

Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 1: 47 (1805) Exotic.

Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 4: 1 (1887) Syn: Tabebuia rufescens J.R.Johnst. ; Tecoma chrysantha (Jacq.) A.DC. Common name: Black Poui, Cogwood, Greenheart, Poui Vert. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen seasonal forests, in woods in drier areas of Tobago. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Monos; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 36% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 39% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Botanic Station, Broadway 2989 (BM); Rockley Vale, Broadway 3637

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 125 (A, BM, MO, NY), Broadway s.n. (L, US); Bacolet Point, Sandwith 1705 (K); near Easterfield, Clement & Ryves 687 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 48 (1915) Syn: Bignonia pallida Lindl. ; Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton subsp. pallida (Lindl.) Stehlé ; Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers ; Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.) Hemsl.; Tecoma leucoxylon (L.) Mart. ex DC. var. pentaphylla Bureau & K.Schum. Common Name : White Cedar, White Wood. Habit : Tree. Habitat: On coral soil with mangroves. Star: BU. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Central Range; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Rampanalgas-Toco; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Apuria, Eggers s.n. (G). Global range: Bermuda, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (MIssouri, Florida), Central America, French Guiana.

Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. , in DC, Prodr. 9: 215 (1845) Syn: Tecoma rosea Bertol. Common Name : Apamat, Arapamato, Pink Poui, Poui. Exotic.

Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 4: 1 (1887) Syn: Bignonia serratifolia Vahl ; Tabebuia araliacea (Cham.) Morong & Britton ; Tecoma serratifolia (Vahl) G.Don Common name: Cogwood, Greenheart, Poui, Yellow Poui. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Littoral to evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous seasonal forests, occasional in lower montane and on limestone in seasonal montane forests and fire-cult subclimax savannas; rare in lowland and lower montane forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 27% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 31% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 11% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Parlatuvier, Sandwith 1897 (K). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Britton et al. 2688 (GH). Global range: Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Tabebuia stenocalyx Sprague & Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 196 (1910) Common name: Wild Calabash. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen to deciduous seasonal forests and abundant associated with palms in marsh forest, also in lower montane and montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: North central coast. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-) Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 38% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 63% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 40% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tuare Road, Brooks s.n. (TRIN 12503); Government House Gardens, Evans s.n. (TRIN 8415); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 881 (TRIN 17643); Sangre Grande , Williams s.n. (TRIN 11856); Mt. Harris, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 12222); Long Stretch Forest, Ayliffe s.n. (TRIN 14734); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5053); Morne Catherine, Quesnel s.n., (TRIN 29965); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Kalloo & Johnson s.n. (TRIN 29966); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 809 (TRIN 17642). Global range: Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil.

Tanaecium crucigerum Seem. , Bonplandia 4: 127 (1856) Exotic.

Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 144 (1819) Syn: Bignonia stans L.; Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem. Common name: Christmas Hope, Tobago Poui, Yellow Bells, Yellow Elder. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry places and littoral deciduous seasonal forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chacachacare; Gasparee; NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough,

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BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Meaden s.n. (TRIN 8418); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 96 (BM). TRINIDAD: Bocas Islands, Chacachacare, Simmonds s.n. (TRIN 15036); Monos Island, Williams s.n. (TRIN 35452); Gasparillo, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8376); Chaguaramas, Ramcharan & Khan 612 (TRIN 29964); Pointe Gourde, Britton s.n. (TRIN 35452); Port of Spain, Wood 172D (TRIN 34613); St. Augustine, Mohais s.n. (TRIN 35403); Arima Valley, Chaboo s.n. (TRIN 30585). Global range: Widespread in subtropical and tropical Americas and the Caribbean.

Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg., Phan. 9: 137 (1840) Syn: Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. Exotic.

Xylophragma seemannianum (Kuntze) Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1953: 469 (1954) Syn: Bignonia floccosa Klotzsch ex Bureau & K.Schum. ; Saldanhaea seemanniana Kuntze ; Tecoma floccosa Klotzsch ex Bureau & K.Schum. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Roadside shrubs and trees. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.- Santa Cruz; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 16% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Diego Martin, McLean s.n. (NY, TRIN 7738); Hololo Mountain Road, Broadway 7562 (BM); Mt. St. Benedict, sine coll. (TRIN 13400); Moruga, Broadway s.n. (TRIN). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Bolivia.