POACEAE (R.Br.) Barnhart, 1895

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.250.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D13D2946-2E59-B402-FF52-FA82F7D6FEEB
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	POACEAE
status

Treatment

POACEAE View in CoL View at ENA

Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy, J. Bot. View in CoL 69: 54 (1931) Syn: Panicum oryzoides Sw. View in CoL ; Panicum zizanioides Kunth Common View in CoL name: Oats Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp shade, along ditches, rivers and forest margins, forest pathside and roadsides, secondary forests, boggy pastures, often in large patches, disturbed areas associated with savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Chaguanas-Couva; Nariva; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 14% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Easterfield, Broadway 4556 (BM, K), Chenery 21 (TRIN); Great Dog River, Eggers 5810 (K); Great Courland River, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 11285); Green Hill, Purseglove P6258 (K, US, TRIN 17322); Belmont, Baksh 489 (TRIN 24641). TRINIDAD: Carenage, Broadway 8980 (BM, MO); Marabella Valley, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2286); Tucuche Reserve, Barnard et al. 497 (RNG, TRIN 21374); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6006 (TRIN 15491); St. Augustine, McCreary s.n. (TRIN 14059), Baker s.n. (TRIN 20451); Arima, Davidse 2453 (MO); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 6740 (K, MO); Piarco, Soderstrom 1019 (K, TRIN 19191); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 960 (K, TRIN 16384); Cumuto, Broadway s.n. (MO); Valencia Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3422 (TRIN 23794); Arima-Sangre Grande Road, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23795); Galera Point, Broadway 2563 (K); Chaguanas, [Hart s.n.] (TRIN 4222); Central Range Reserve, Adams 13379 (TRIN 21098); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 222 (TRIN 21658); Nariva Swamp, Philcox & Ramcharan 8173 (K, TRIN 23445); Guayaguayare, Adams 13638 (TRIN 21074); Point Fortin, Maggs 236 (K); Cedros Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3631 (TRIN 23793); Cedros, Barnard et al. 144 (RNG); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8558); Icacos, Ramcharan 657

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

(TRIN 24173); Icacos Point, Barnard et al. 155 (TRIN 21367). Global range: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics.

Andropogon bicornis L., Sp. Pl. 1046 (1753) Common name: Broom Grass, Fox Tail Grass, Fireside Broom, Fox-Tailed Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open disturbed places and waste ground, grassy hills, banks, roadsides, savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Calder Hall, Broadway 4018 (BM, K, MO); Observatory Hill, Philcox & Raynal 7893 (K, TRIN 21618); Bloody Bay to Roxborough, Barnard et al. 31 (TRIN 21702); Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 122 (TRIN 32848). TRINIDAD: North Post Road, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7549); Santa Cruz, Johnson 639 (TRIN 32436); St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3846); Piedra Blanca to Maracas Bay, Adams 13708 (TRIN 21080); Felicity Hill, Broadway s.n. (F); St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7968), Soderstrom 1089 (K, TRIN 19116); Mt. St. Benedict, Wright B5 (TRIN 14031); Arima, Davidse 2452 (MO); Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 23801); Piarco Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8862); Dabadie, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9682); Waller Field, Soderstrom 1017 (TRIN 19183); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 593 (TRIN 17729), Schwab 368 (TRIN 32088, UWSP); Long Stretch, Simmonds 370 (TRIN 14373); Chaguanas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4208); Nariva Swamp, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3684 (TRIN 23800); Waterloo Estate, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23799); San Fernando Hill, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 3381); Pitch Lake, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7506); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9288); Erin Savanna, Soderstrom 1113 (K, TRIN 19814); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7282). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Révis. Gram. 1: 491 (1833) Exotic.

Andropogon leucostachyus Kunth , Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 187 (1816) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry disturbed and open grassy plains and slopes or burnt savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3382), Broadway 5040 (BM, K, MO); St. Joseph, Crueger s.n. (K); Arima, Johnson s.n. (TRIN 28881); O’Meara Savanna, Adams 13427 (TRIN 21086); Piarco Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5299), Wright P7 (TRIN 14030), Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23802), Maggs 203 (K); Aripo Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 6083), Richardson 581 (K, TRIN 17728), Cowan & Richardson 1137 (K, TRIN 19821, US), Soderstrom 983 (K, TRIN 19748), Davidse 2553 (MO), Barnard et al. 352/370B (RNG, TRIN 21372), Adams 14578 (TRIN 24091), Quesnel s.n. (TRIN 24137), Johnson 131 (TRIN 30649), Adams 14271 (MO, TRIN 21833), Adams 14578 (TRIN 24091), Schwab 282 (BM); Cumuto, Broadway 5727 (K, MO); Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 10097 (BM); Erin Savanna, Farrell s.n. (TRIN 30741). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay.

Andropogon selloanus (Hack.) Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier View in CoL sér. 2, 4: 266 (1904) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed or burnt savannas, roadsides, exposed open waste ground, foreshore, cliff tops. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Chenery 14 (TRIN); Scarborough, Broadway 4044 (BM, K, MO), Broadway s.n. (K, MO, TRIN 8920). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Maggs 177 (K); Lady Chancellor Road, Wood 1716 (K); Chupara, Adams 13714 (TRIN 21087); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1084 (K, TRIN 19780); Piedra Blanca to Maracas Bay, Adams 13706 (TRIN 21089); between Piarco Village and Airport, Davidse 2529 (MO); Piarco Savanna, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23806); Maggs 202 (K); O’Meara Savanna, Ramcharan 41 (TRIN 22296); Waller Field, Adams 13979 (TRIN 21469); Aripo Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10183), Richardson 963 (K, TRIN 16383), Soderstrom 1021 (K, TRIN 23807, Schwab 383 (BM); Cunupia, Davidse 2605 (MO); Brasso Seco, Davidse 2471 (MO); La Brea, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8812); Guapo Bay, Barnard et al. 116 (RNG, TRIN 21366); Point Fortin, Maggs 239 (K); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8863). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Andropogon virgatus Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. View in CoL 9 (1825) Syn: Hypogynium virgatum (Desv.) Dandy Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Open sandy swamps or savannas, becoming waterlogged in rainy season, canal banks, sometimes locally dominant. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9323); Churchill-Roosevelt Highway, Davidse 2599 (BM, MO); Aripo Savanna, Adams 13496 (TRIN 21099), [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3378), Hitchcock 10070 (BM, TRIN 23808), Richardson s.n. (TRIN 17730), Richardson 916 (TRIN 17731), Richardson 964 (K, TRIN 16382), Davidse 2552 (MO), Schwab 386 (TRIN 32200), Lackhan s.n. (TRIN 32059). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America,

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay.

Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 759 (1891) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground, beaches, weed in coconut plantations. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Las Cuevas, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 3295); Maracas Bay, Broadway 6069 (BM, K, MO); St. Augustine, Maggs 246 (K); Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 23809); Manzanilla beach, Forster s.n. (TRIN 15940); Upper Manzanilla, Davidse 2499 (MO); Cocal, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3433 (TRIN 23810); St. Quinton, Broadway s.n. (BM); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8559); Icacos, Broadway 4966 (TRIN 8126). Global range: Widespread through Central adn South America and the Caribbean.

Aristida jorullensis Kunth, Révis. Gram. 1: 62 (1829) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides and arid savannas. IUCN: LC. Star : GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna , Wilson s.n. ( TRIN 14783 About TRIN ). Global range: Mexico, Central America , Venezuela.

Arthrostylidium pubescens Rupr., Mém. Acad. Sci, St. Pétersburg. View in CoL sér. 6, 3: 119 (1839) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Submontane forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Brasso Seco; NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough, Broadway 4894 (BM). TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5233), Soderstrom et al. 1050 (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5544 (BM, K, MO); Morne Bleu, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9592), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 11289), Broadway 6209 (K); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9927). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Arthrostylidium sarmentosum Pilg., Symb. Antill. View in CoL 4: 108 (1903) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Britton et al. 1289 (K), Broadway 7140 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Venezuela.

Arthrostylidium venezuelae (Steud.) McClure, J. View in CoL Washington Acad. Sci. 32: 172 (1942) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Hill forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough, Broadway 4894 ( US). TRINIDAD: Las Cuevas Hills, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3297); St. Anns Hills, Crueger 82 (TRIN 3369). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Peru.

Arundinella hispida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. View in CoL 2: 761 (1891) Syn: Arundinella confinis (Schult.) Hitchc. & Chase Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Hillsides and grassy savanna, dry rocky slopes in open; at margins of savanna in burnt areas replacing transition to forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Calder Hall, Broadway 2428 (BM, MO); Scarborough, Hitchcock 289 (BM, K), Hitchcock 10280 (MO); French Fort, Broadway 4620 (K); Montpelier, Broadway 4783 (BM, K, MO); Frenchfield to Hope, Adams 14356 (TRIN 21887); Between Buccoo Bay and Les Coteaux, Clement & Ryves 560 (BM); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 94 (TRIN 32849). TRINIDAD: Hololo Pass, Hart s.n. (TRIN 6041);St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7495), Hitchcock 10182 (BM), Britton et al. 982 (K, TRIN 9347), Soderstrom 1086 (K, TRIN 19817), Kalloo B1226 (TRIN 28873); Churchill-Roosevelt Highway, Kalloo B4 (K, TRIN 18179, US); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8262); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5170); O’Meara Savanna, Kalloo B1673 (TRIN 30852); Waller Field, Johnson 1296 (TRIN 34523); Chaguanas, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3375). Global range: Widespread through Central adn South America and the Caribbean.

Arundo donax View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 81 (1753) Exotic.

Avena fatua L., Sp. Pl. 80 (1753) Exotic.

Avena sativa L., Sp. Pl. 79 (1753) Exotic.

Axonopus anceps (Mez) Hitchc., Manual Grasses W. Ind. 190 (1936) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry open stony savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; SW Erin-Guapo; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 10094 (TRIN 23820, US); Erin Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3947 (TRIN

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

23819), Cowan & Forster 1297 (K, TRIN 19179), Richardson 706 (TRIN 16048), Richardson 946 (K, TRIN 16323), Hekking 1400 (TRIN 23818), Philcox & Ramcharan 8159 (K, TRIN 23449), Adams 14326 (TRIN 21798); Point Fortin, Soderstrom 1115 (K, TRIN 19783). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil.

Axonopus aureus P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. : 12, 154 (1812) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of dry or wet sandy savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco, Crueger 29 (K, TRIN 2266); Piarco Savanna, Wright P9 (TRIN 14050), sine coll. (TRIN 23812), Maggs 284 (TRIN 23811); Aripo, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8252). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Axonopus capillaris (Lam.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. View in CoL Washington 24: 133 (1911) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp sand, forming patches on moist open ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 561 (BM, K), Hitchcock 10101 ( US). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Axonopus chrysoblepharis (Lag.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. View in CoL Washington 24: 134 (1911) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Savanna or woodland shade, open grassy hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7488), Hitchcock 10173 ( US), Kalloo B1204 (TRIN 28861); St. Joseph, Hitchcock 559 (BM, K). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. View in CoL 12, 154 (1812) Syn: Axonopus amplifolius Chase ex C.E.Hubb. Common View in CoL name: Carpet Grass, Flat Grass, Savanna Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp disturbed ground and partly shaded lawns and banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Great Courland River, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 11260); Scarborough, Broadway 4735 (K); Caledonia, Sandwith 1720 (K); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 23 (BM); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 89 (TRIN 32850), Ryves & Clement 171 (TRIN 32852); above Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 111 (TRIN 32851); Parlatuvier, Sandwith 1887 (K). TRINIDAD: Queen’s Park Savanna, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12295); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6130 (TRIN 15615); St. Augustine, Leighton s.n. (TRIN 23816), Leighton s.n. (TRIN 14051), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20452), Cruikshank et al. s.n. (TRIN 20355), Walsh-Kemmis s.n. (TRIN 20229); Guanapo Heights Road, Davidse 2450 (MO); Valencia Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3424 (TRIN 23815); Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13588 (TRIN); Oropuche River, Soderstrom 1038 (K, TRIN 19810); Brechin Castle, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4513 (TRIN 23814); O’Meara Savanna, Ramcharan 42 (TRIN 22295); Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3896 (TRIN 23813); Caparo, Broadway 4925 (TRIN 7474); Icacos Point, Barnard et al. 164 (RNG). Global range: Widespread through Central adn South America and the Caribbean.

Axonopus equitans Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 301 (1917) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp partial shade in savannas and on stream banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10193 ( US); San Miguel Ridge, Myers 1358 (TRIN 14451); Arima, [Crueger s.n.] (TRIN 2263); Piarco Savanna, Maggs 169 (TRIN 23817), Maggs 199 (K); Piarco airport, Johnson 852 (TRIN 32899); O’Meara Savanna, Soderstrom 1009 (K TRIN 19105); Aripo Savanna, Adams 11301 (TRIN). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Comm. Linh. Telegr. Est. Mato Grosso Amazonas Publ. 67, Annexo 5, Bot.11: 87 (1922) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grassy roadsides, open savannas, grassland, river banks, disturbed areas associated with savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Waller Field, Johnson 1242, (TRIN 33979); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 958 (TRIN 16381), Adams 13749 (TRIN); Valencia, Davidse 2489 (MO); Cunupia, Davidse 2608 (MO); Long Stretch, Adams 14024 (K, TRIN 21894); Pitch Lake, Kalloo B1324 (TRIN 29655); Erin Savanna, Philcox & Ramcharan 8156 (K, TRIN 23450). Global range: Widespread through Central adn South America and the Caribbean.

Axonopus leptostachyus (Flüggé) Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 471 (1922) Syn: Axonopus macrostachyus Hitchc. & Chase Habit : Herb. Habitat: Low open ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 10093 ( US). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia,

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

northern Argentina.

Bambusa amplexifolia (J.Presl) Schult.f., Syst. Veg. (ed. 15) 7: 1348 (1830) Syn: Guadua amplexifolia J.Presl Habit : Herb. Habitat: Damp areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caroni River, Devenish s.n. (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Bambusa balcooa Roxb., Fl. Indica View in CoL 2: 196 (1832) Exotic.

Bambusa bambos View in CoL (L.) Voss, Vilm. Blumgärt. (ed. 3) 1: 1189 (1895) Syn: Bambusa arundinacea Retz. Exotic. View in CoL

Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Schult. & Schult.f., Syst. Veg. View in CoL 7: 1350 (1830) Exotic.

Bambusa polymorpha Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London View in CoL 26: 98 (1868) Exotic.

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl., Coll. Pl. View in CoL 2: 26, t. 47 (1808) Exotic.

Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland View in CoL 80: 62 (1969) Syn:

Bothriochloa pertusa View in CoL (L.) A.Camus Exotic.

Bouteloua americana (L.) Scribn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 43: 306 (1891) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of lawns and open dry waste places, often near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Eggers 5650 (K, US). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Chenery s.n. (TRIN 13546); St. Augustine, Wilson s.n. (TRIN 15182). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador.

Brachiaria arrecta (Hack. ex T.Durand & Schinz) Stent, Bothalia View in CoL 1: 263 (1924) Syn: Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T.Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga Exotic. View in CoL

Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. View in CoL 9: 528 (1919) Syn: Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster Exotic. View in CoL

Brachiaria fasciculata (Sw.) L.Parodi, Darwiniana View in CoL 15: 96 (1969) Syn: Panicum fasciculatum Sw. View in CoL ; Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D.Webster Common Name View in CoL : Bird-Seed Grass Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of cultivated or disturbed ground and forest edges, moist open ground, dry banks and grassy cliffs by the sea. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, U.W. I. students s.n. (TRIN 34505); San Juan, Broadway 6381 (BM, K); St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10014 (BM); St. Joseph Savanna, Adams 13461 (TRIN 21101); St. Augustine, Broadway 7207 (BM, K), Wright s.n. (TRIN 14054), Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 14388), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20472), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20477), Purseglove P6113 (K, L, TRIN 15598), Grime & Haggarty GH5 (TRIN 20311), Dingle 24 (TRIN 20179), Walsh-Kemmis s.n. (TRIN 20232), Soderstrom 1099 (K, TRIN 19788); Caura Road, Adams 13988 (TRIN 21465); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8285); Toco, Davidse 2516 (MO); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7516); Waterloo, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23908); Brechin Castle, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4505 (TRIN 23907); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9299); Siparia-Erin Road, Johnson 229 (TRIN 31062), Johnson 230 (TRIN 31063). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf View in CoL , Flora of Tropical Africa 9 (1918) Syn: Panicum barbinode Trin. View in CoL ; Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen Common Name View in CoL : Para Grass. Exotic.

Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 212 (1909) Syn: Urochloa plantaginea (Link) R.D.Webster Exotic.

Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. View in CoL 2: 258 (1817) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of disturbed ground, open ground and waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Teteron Bay, Broadway 7824 (BM, K, MO); St. Augustine, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20493); San Fernando, Broadway 5630 (MO); Nariva Swamp, Soderstrom 1056 (K); Guayaguayare, Guest House, Hill 257 (K); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7343); Cedros, Broadway 4916 (TRIN 7472); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7142), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3619 (TRIN 23821). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Cenchrus echinatus View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 1050 (1753) Common name: Burr Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

disturbed open places, waste places often near the coast. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Between Lambeau and Canaan, Philcox & Raynal 7856 (K, TRIN 21611); Crown Point, Ryves & Clement 144 (TRIN 32846); Pigeon Point, Williams s.n. (TRIN 23826), Barnard et al. 50 (TRIN 21682), Ryves & Clement 189 (TRIN 32838); Hillsborough West River, Baksh 463 (TRIN 24663). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare Island, Hitchcock 10056 ( US), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10685), Johnson 1029, (TRIN 32984); Chancellor Road, St. Anns, Broadway 7905 (BM, MO); Beetham Highway, Davidse 2540 (MO); St. Joseph-St. Gill, Maggs 9 (K); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1433 (TRIN 21269); St. Augustine, Baker s.n. (TRIN 20478); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7512); Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3910 (TRIN 23825); Manzanilla, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3434 (TRIN 23823); Cocal, Broadway 8016 (BM, MO); Nariva Swamp, Aitken & Bhorai s.n. (K, TRIN 18628), Soderstrom (TRIN 19110); Erin, Broadway 7993 (MO); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7190); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8561). Global range: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics.

Chloris barbata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. View in CoL 1: 200 (1797) Common name: Purple Top, Purple Top Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste and disturbed ground, roadsides, often near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Shepherd & Holliday s.n. (TRIN 15128); Speyside, Purseglove, P6358 (IJ, K, NY, TRIN 17419, US); Speyside, Clement & Ryves 605 (BM); Hillsborough Road, Philcox & Raynal 7917 (IJ, K, TRIN 21619, US); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 121 (BM); Pigeon Point, Barnard et al. 52 (TRIN 21681), Ryves & Clement 197 (TRIN 32839). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Cowan 1100 (TRIN 19133, US), Johnson 1026 (TRIN 32987); Nelson Island, Kalloo B1262 (TRIN 29082); Port of Spain, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7306); Woodbrook, Broadway 7177 (BM, F, MO); Knagg’s Hill, Williams s.n. (TRIN 10077); Laventille, Broadway s.n. (K, MO, TRIN 23832); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1077 (K, TRIN 19779); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1279 (TRIN 23831); St. Augustine, Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20485), Dingle 56 (TRIN 20171); Toco, Maggs 92 (TRIN 23833); Waller Field, Adams 13954 (TRIN 21456); Mayaro, Soderstrom 1058 (K, TRIN 19171), Davidse 2508 (MO); Siparia-Erin Road, Johnson 228 (TRIN 31064); Palo Seco Bay, Barnard et al. 62 (RNG, TRIN 21376); Columbus Beach, Carrick s.n. (K). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Chloris gayana Kunth, Révis. Gram. View in CoL 1: 293 (1830) Exotic.

Chloris radiata (L.) Sw., Prodr. 26 (1788) Common name: Pale Finger Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, waste ground, often in coastal regions. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Adelphi, Broadway s.n. (K); Orange Hill, Broadway s.n. (MO); Rockley Vale Road, Broadway 2985 (MO); Argyll Bay, Baksh 599 (TRIN 24670); Roxborough-Bloody Bay Road, Baksh 605 (TRIN 24668); Louis d’Or Bay, Baksh 609 (TRIN 24667); Between Studley Park and Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 275 (BM); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 165 (TRIN 32840). TRINIDAD: Gasparillo, Maggs 103 (K, TRIN 23830); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1363 (TRIN 23829); St. Augustine, Leighton s.n. (TRIN 14046), Walsh-Kemmis s.n. (TRIN 20224), Adams 13521 (TRIN); Mt. Harris, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3583 (TRIN 23828); Claxton Bay, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4950); Tabaquite-Rio Claro Road, Broadway 6345 (K, MO); Mayaro, Davidse 2509 (MO); Rio Claro, Soderstrom 1065 (TRIN 19104); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7120). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Chloris ventricosa R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 186 (1810) Exotic.

Coelorachis aurita (Steud.) A.Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 68: 197 (1921) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassy hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Point Boyer, [Finlay s.n.] (GH, TRIN 2304). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Coix lacryma-jobi View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 972 (1753) Common Name: Adlay, Chokolokine, Job’s Tears. Exotic.

Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. stenocarpa (Oliver) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India 7: 100 (1896) Syn: Coix stenocarpa (Oliv.) Balansa Exotic.

Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 325 (1900) Exotic.

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Kew Bull. 1906: 322 View in CoL , 357 (1906) Common Name: Citronelle, Fever Grass, Lemon Grass. Exotic.

Cymbopogon nardus View in CoL (L.) Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw.2: 155 (1899) Common Name: Citronelle. Exotic.

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. View in CoL 112: 185 (1965) Exotic.

Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Harlan, Kew Bull. View in CoL 24: 187 (1970) Exotic.

Cynodon dactylon View in CoL (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 85 (1805) Common Name: Bahama Grass, Bermuda Grass, Devil Grass, Dew Grass, Dube, Dube Grass. Exotic.

Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) View in CoL A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 27: 118 (1921) Exotic.

Dactyloctenium aegyptium View in CoL (L.) Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 1029 (1809) Exotic.

Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London View in CoL 26: 150 (1868) Exotic.

Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees, Linnaea View in CoL 9: 476 (1834) Exotic.

Dichanthelium sciurotis (Trin.) Davidse, Novon View in CoL 2: 104 (1992) Syn: Panicum sciurotis Trin. Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Montant forest. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Morne Bleu, Maggs 139 (TRIN). Global range: Brazil, Panama.

Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. View in CoL 9: 178 (1917) Exotic.

Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C.E.Hubb., Kew Bull. 1939: 654 View in CoL (1939) Exotic.

Dichanthium caricosum View in CoL (L.) A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 27: 549 (1921) Exotic.

Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. View in CoL 27 (1802) Common name: Crab Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground, a weed of roadsides and lawns. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Adelphi, Broadway 4684 (MO); Between Lambeau and Canaan, Philcox & Raynal 7855 (K, TRIN 21612); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 92 (BM), Ryves & Clement 203 (TRIN 32791); Bloody Bay, Ryves & Clement 32 (TRIN 32790); Hope, Ryves & Clement 174 (TRIN 32856). TRINIDAD: Tucker Valley, Adams 14123 (TRIN 21356), Adams 14124 (TRIN 21334); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1374 (TRIN 23839); St. Augustine, Broadway 7208 (BM, MO), Leighton s.n. (TRIN 14047), Wright s.n. (TRIN 14048), Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20492), Dingle 98 (TRIN 20178), Adams 14031 (TRIN 22037); Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3898 (TRIN 23837); Piarco, Harryram s.n. (TRIN 23108); Tabaquite-Rio Claro Road, Cowan & Forster 1334 (TRIN 19127, US); Manzanilla, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3436 (TRIN 23838), Davidse 2498 (MO); Plum Mitan, Baksh 728 (TRIN 27584); Pitch Lake, Barnard et al. 122 (RNG); Mayaro Beach, Kalloo B1803 (TRIN 31814); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9289). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Digitaria eriantha Steud. , Flora 12: 468 (829) Syn: Digitaria pentzii Stent Exotic.

Digitaria horizontalis Willd., Enum. Pl. 92 (1809) Common Name: Finger Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Louis d’Or, Broadway 4535 (BM, MO); Adelphi, Broadway 4684 (BM, K); Crown Point, Barnard et al. 59 (TRIN 21691); above Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 9 (TRIN 32873); Charlotteville, Jones 124 (K). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Tutin 14G (K); St. George’s, Broadway 1680 (K); St. Anns Heights, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7541), Broadway 5059 (BM, MO); St. Augustine, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20489); Guanapo Heights Road, Davidse 2451 (MO); Valencia Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3426 (TRIN 23845); Saline Bay, Soderstrom 1031 (K); Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3902 (BM); Caroni Swamp, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3499 (TRIN 23847); Arena Forest Reserve, Maggs 106 (K); Brechin Castle, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4507 (TRIN 23846); San Fernando, Hitchcock 10116 (BM); Manzanilla, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3431 (TRIN 23848); Nariva Swamp, Aitken 3 (K, TRIN 18630); Upper Manzanilla, Davidse 2502 (MO); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9304); Pitch Lake, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7507); Point Fortin, Maggs 147 (K); Siparia, Broadway 4975 (TRIN 8132); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7339); Cedros, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3617 (TRIN 23849); Bonasse, Cowan & Forster 1274 (K, TRIN 19848, US). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Digitaria insularis View in CoL (L.) Fedde, Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 31: 778 (1904) Syn: Trichachne insularis View in CoL (L.) Nees Common

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

name: Sour Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, beaches and open or disturbed ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Little Tobago Island, Broadway 4893 (K (), Baksh 794 (TRIN 28271); St. Giles Island, Charter 8 (TRIN 23850). TRINIDAD: Monos Island, Broadway 5903 (K, TRIN 7439); Scotland Bay, Maggs 151 (K); Pelican Island, Kalloo B1690 (TRIN 31026); Fort George, [Crueger s.n.] (TRIN 3253); St. Anns, Broadway 5548 (BM, MO); Maracas, Kalloo B1691 (TRIN 31027); Santa Margarita Hill, Soderstrom 1094 (K, TRIN 19112); Paria Falls, Schwab 55 (TRIN 32103, UWSP); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7513); Manzanilla Bay, Ramcharan 339 (TRIN 22126); Guayaguayare, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3931 (TRIN 23851); Erin Beach, Adams 14315 (TRIN 21804); Cedros, Broadway 4938 (TRIN 8159), King s.n. (TRIN 7201). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Digitaria laxa (Rchb. ex Spreng.) Parodi, Physis 9: 13, 18 (1928) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open moist ground and poorly drained place in rough pasture and on cliffs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Whim, Broadway 4851 (K). TRINIDAD: North Post Road, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7548); Blanchisseuse, Davidse 2474 (K, MO); Maracas Bay, Forster s.n. (TRIN 15806); Piedra Blanca to Maracas Bay, Adams 13704 (TRIN 21049); St. Anns Hill, Fredholm s.n. (TRIN 23840); St. Joseph Savanna, Forster s.n. (TRIN 15934); Paria Falls, Schwab 56 (TRIN 30760, UWSP); Arima, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8164); between Piarco Village and Airport, Davidse 2531 (MO); Mausica Savanna, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23841); Melajo Forest Reserve, Johnson 517 (TRIN 32013); Longdenville, Adams 14157 (TRIN 21327); San Fernando Hill, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3374, US); Mayaro, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23842); Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 553 (K, MO); Point Fortin, Broadway 5447 (MO); Guayaguayare Bay, Maggs 258 (K); Guayaguayare Hill, Maggs 265 (K); Moruga Road, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9297); Chatham Road, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8555); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7216). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Guianas, Paraguay, Argentina.

Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 85 (1805) Exotic

Digitaria sellowii (Müll.Hal.) Henrard, Blumea View in CoL 1: 99. 1934 Habit: Herb. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Little Tobago Island , Broadway 4893 (K). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Digitaria setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. View in CoL 2: 474 (1817) Exotic.

Digitaria violascens Link, Hort. Berol. View in CoL 1: 229 (1827) Exotic.

Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209 (1833) Syn: Panicum colonum L. Common name: Jungle Rice. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp, often disturbed, low lying places, ditches, pond-margins, rice and cane fields, grassy places near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Rockley Vale, Broadway 2983 (BM, MO), Broadway 4728 (BM, K, MO TRIN); Crown Point, Ryves & Clement 202 (TRIN 32847). TRINIDAD: Beetham Highway, Davidse 2541 (MO); St. Joseph, Ferguson s.n. (TRIN 21771); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1301 (MO); St. Augustine, Wright s.n. (TRIN 14049), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20479), Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20500), Cruikshank et al. s.n. (TRIN 20358); Brechin Castle, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4506 (TRIN 23856); Caroni Swamp, Soderstrom 1103 (K, TRIN 19792); Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3913 (TRIN 23858); Chaguanas, Maggs 185 (K); Point Lisas to Couva, Ramcharan 558 (TRIN 24209); Navet Reservoir, Philcox & Andrews 8130 (K, TRIN 23451); Tabaquite-Rio Claro Road, Cowan & Forster 1335 (K); Nariva Swamp, Kalloo B846 (K, TRIN 18862); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 242 (TRIN 21666); San Fernando, Broadway 8982 (BM, MO); Mayaro, Soderstrom 1059 (K, TRIN 19803); Oropuche Lagoon, Britton et al. 1152 (K, NY); St. Mary’s, Adams 13571 (TRIN 21088); Pitch Lake, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7505); Moruga, Adams 14149 (TRIN 21315); Cedros, Broadway 4936 (TRIN 8154). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., Ess Agrostogr. 53, 161, 169 (1812) Exotic.

Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult., Mant. 2: 269 (1824) Syn: Echinochloa sabulicola (Nees) Hitchc. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Wet places, low lying fields, weed in ricefield. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Oropuche Lagoon, Britton et al. 1143 (K, NY); Manzanilla Bay, Soderstrom 1040 (K, TRIN 19790); Nariva Swamp, Johnson 1101 (BM, TRIN 33078). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico,

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Echinochloa frumentacea Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 204 (1827) Exotic.

Echinochloa haploclada (Stapf) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. View in CoL 9: 613 (1920) Exotic

Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 135 (1920) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, marshes and ditches near the coast. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Dumas s.n. (TRIN 24395); Hillsborough West River, Baksh 615 (TRIN 24664). TRINIDAD: Churchill-Roosevelt Highway, Davidse 2537 (MO); Waller Field, Ministry of Agriculture s.n. (K, TRIN 21851); Cocal, Persad s.n. (TRIN 23159). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 345 (1917) Exotic.

Eleusine coracana View in CoL (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. & Sem. Pl. 1: 8 (1788) Exotic.

Eleusine indica View in CoL (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. & Sem. Pl. 1: 8 (1788) Common name: Dutch Grass, Fowl Foot Grass, Goose Grass, Iron Grass, Papul, Payapul, Pie Pul, Pied Poule, Yard Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed open ground, a weed of lawns, paths and roadsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bloody Bay, Barnard et al. 2 (TRIN 21697); Speyside, Tuley s.n. (TRIN 15267); Rockley Vale Road, Broadway 2984 (BM, MO); Store Bay, Khan et al. s.n. (TRIN 22555). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare Island, U.W. I. students s.n. (TRIN 34506); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6004 (K, TRIN 15489); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1360 (TRIN 23859); St. Augustine, Wright s.n. (TRIN 14043), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20483), Dingle 99 (TRIN 20174), Walsh-Kemmis s.n. (TRIN 20226); Toco, Davidse 2517 (MO); East Coast, Vesey-Fitzgerald 2133 (TRIN 23860); Brechin Castle, Maggs 38 (K); Waller Field, Adams 13952 (TRIN 21453); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 628 (TRIN 17732); San Fernando, Broadway 7966 (BM, MO); Soldado Rock, Aitken s.n. (TRIN 18192), Baksh 719 (TRIN 27568); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7118A). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Eragrostis acutiflora (Kunth) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 501 (1829) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy roadsides and centre ridges, tracks in forest, ditches and open moist soil and standing water. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Hollis Reservoir, Maggs 234 (K), Maggs s.n. (TRIN 23863), Adams 13597 (TRIN); Piarco, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7533), Hitchcock 10344 (BM, US), Maggs 250 (TRIN 23864); Aripo Road, Broadway 5827 (BM, K, MO); Waller Field, Johnson 1240 (TRIN 33980); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 752 (TRIN 17733), Richardson 844 (K, TRIN 17734); Long Stretch, Johnson 635 (TRIN32430); Sangre Grande, Broadway View in CoL 5394 (MO); Melajo Forest Reserve, Adams 14047 (TRIN 21476), Adams 14340 (MO, TRIN 21795). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Eragrostis amabilis View in CoL (L.) Wight & Arn. ex Nees, Bot. Beechey Voy. 251 (1838) Syn: Eragrostis plumosa (Retz.) Link Exotic. View in CoL

Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 1: 562 (1840) Exotic.

Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.Br., Narr. Exped. River Zaire 478 (1818) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Garden weed, disturbed open ground, sandy seashores. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Richmond, Eggers 5744 (K); Charlotteville, T. S. Jones 123 (K); Mt. Dillon, Broadway 4585 (BM); Speyside, Tuley s.n. (TRIN 15238); Pigeon Hill, Cowan & Forster 1470 (K); Windward Road, Shepherd & Holliday s.n. (TRIN 15168), Goodwood, Baksh 454 (TRIN 24644); Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 30 (TRIN 32795); Crown Point, Ryves & Clement 146 (TRIN 32796). TRINIDAD: Monos, Howard 10418(BM); Chaguaramas Naval Base, Webster & Miller 9937 (PUR, TRIN 19698); North Coast Road, Davidse 2568 (MO); Port of Spain, Broadway s.n. (K, MO, TRIN 9674); St. Clair, Broadway 2916 (MO), Broadway s.n. (K, MO, TRIN 9673); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1076 (K); St. Joseph Cemetery, Johnson 53 (TRIN 29188); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1361 (TRIN 23868); St. Augustine, Leighton s.n. (TRIN 14042), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3659A (TRIN 23866), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20484), Walsh-Kemmis s.n. (TRIN 20228), Adams 13440 (TRIN 20979), Adams 13974 (TRIN 21460); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5180); Brechin Castle, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4519 (TRIN 23867); Siparia, Broadway 4974 (TRIN 8131); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7189). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat. 69 (1888) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

open areas, stream and river banks, muddy ditches, drying-out rice paddies. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20499); Caroni Savanna, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3035); Caroni Savanna Road, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15110); Caroni Swamp, Kalloo B845 (TRIN 24752), Raynal 15585 (K, P, TRIN 21385); Navet Reservoir, Philcox & Andrews 8131 (K, TRIN 23452); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 253 (TRIN 21654), Adams 14264 (MO, TRIN 21865); Nariva Swamp, Johnson 169 (TRIN 30847); Oropuche Rice Lands, Cowan & Forster 1255 (TRIN 19122, US); Debe, Williams 4097 (TRIN 23861), Rankin 300 (CIBC, TRIN 21660). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. -Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 405 (1830) Syn: Eragrostis glomerata (Walter) L.H.Dewey Exotic.

Eragrostis montana Balansa, J. Bot., Paris View in CoL 4: 168 (1890) Exotic.

Eragrostis patula (Kunth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. View in CoL (ed. 2) 1: 564 (1840) Syn: Eragrostis tenuifolia View in CoL (A.Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. Exotic.

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees var. miserrima (E.Fourn.) J.Reeder, Phytologia View in CoL 60: 154 (1986) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open ground, fields and waste places. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, Maggs 104 (K, TRIN 23862); Tunapuna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7314); Caura Valley, Britton & Hazen 1184 (K, NY); Arima, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8163); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5181); Toco Road, Johnson 25 (TRIN 28431); Tamana, Broadway 4953 (TRIN 8150); St. Helena, Broadway View in CoL 7829 (BM, MO); San Fernando, Broadway 8984 (BM, MO). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Eragrostis pilosa View in CoL (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 71, 162, 175 (1812) Exotic.

Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 264 (1854) Exotic.

Eriochloa polystachya Kunth , Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 95 (1816) Syn: Eriochloa subglabra (Nash) Hitchc. Exotic.

Eriochloa punctata (L.) Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Occ. 5(1825 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp and disturbed ground, orchards. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Englishman’s Bay, Broadway 4603 (BM, MO, K); Charlotteville, Jones 128 (K). TRINIDAD: opposite Marabella Village, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2260); St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8091), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8092); St. Augustine, Broadway 7209 (BM), Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20501); Brechin Castle, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4508 (BM); Point Lisas to Couva, Ramcharan 560 (TRIN 24207); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9300); Mayaro to Guayaguayare, Barnard et al. 280 (RGN, TRIN 21364); Cedros, Hitchcock 301 (BM, K, MO). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Eriochrysis cayennensis (Sw.) Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris View in CoL 2: 189 (1810) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Savannas and moist slopes, open ground, especially near coast. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without data, sine coll. (TRIN 3377). Global range: Bermuda, Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Is., Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Anegada, Lesser Antilles, United States, Mexico, Central America, Paraguay.

Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Kurz, Natuurk. Tijdshcr. Ned. View in CoL - Indie 27: 226 (1864) Syn: Bambusa apus Schult. & Schult.f. Exotic. View in CoL

Guadua angustifolia Kunth, Syn. Pl. View in CoL 1: 253 (1822) Syn: Bambusa guadua Bonpl. Common Name View in CoL : Spiny Bamboo. Habit: Herb. Habitat: River banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Palo Seco, Buthn s.n. (TRIN 11512), Morean s.n. (BM, TRIN 31913). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Guadua latifolia (Bonpl.) Kunth, Syn. Pl. View in CoL 1: 254 (1822) Habit: Herb. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Rogers s.n. (K). Global range: Central America, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil.

Gymnopogon spicatus (Spreng.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. View in CoL 3: 354 (1898) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland on sandy

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

soil. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Finlay 27 (K). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America.

Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 138, 153(1812) Common Name: Cane Riviere, River Cane, Uva Grass. White Roseau, Wild Cane. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Stony or gravelly river banks, forming dense colonies; in palm and herbaceous swamp. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Studley Park, Baksh 595 (TRIN 24671); Buccoo, Ryves & Clement 50 (TRIN 32798). TRINIDAD: Caroni River, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5081); Mt. Tamana, Beard s.n. (K, MO); Blanchisseuse, Davidse 2472 (MO); Nariva swamp, Ramcharan 239 (TRIN 21657); Pitch Lake, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3202), Soderstrom 1116 (K, TRIN 19809); Mayaro-Guayaguayare Road, Barnard et al. 264 (MO); Guayaguayare Hill, Maggs 267 (K, TRIN 23873); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7405). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Hackelochloa granularis View in CoL (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 776 (1891) Exotic.

Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Kew Bull. 1934: 109 View in CoL (1934) Exotic.

Homolepis aturensis (Kunth) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. View in CoL Washington 24: 146 (1911) Exotic.

Homolepis isocalycia (G.Mey.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 147. 1911. Exotic

Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 276 (1829) Common name: Cigarette Grass, Water Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Ponds, streams, swamps and shallow water, often forming pure colonies, sometimes floating. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Central Range; Nariva; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20512); Caroni Bridge, Broadway 9077 (K, MO); Caroni Savanna Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3406 (TRIN 23875); Piarco Savanna, Broadway 2141 (BM, MO); Carapo, Adams 14221 (TRIN 21882); Carlsen Field, Cowan & Forster 1239 (TRIN 19120, US); Rio Claro, Davidse 2513 (MO); Nariva Swamp, Aitken 2 (K, TRIN 18614), Soderstrom 1057 (K, TRIN 19799), Ramcharan 14 (TRIN 21675), Ramcharan 237 (TRIN 21659); Oropouche Swamp, Ramcharan 620 (TRIN 24189); Ecclesville, Ramcharan 314 (TRIN 22163); Fyzabad, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12023); Cedros, Broadway 4917 (TRIN 7469), King s.n. (TRIN 7229); Icacos, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3622a (TRIN 23874). Global range: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics.

Hymenachne donacifolia (Raddi) Chase, J. View in CoL Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 177 (1923) Common name: Bamboo Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: River banks and shallow water. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Nariva. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caroni Swamp, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 10190); Caroni River, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3497 (TRIN 23876); Carapo, Adams 14218 (K, MO, TRIN 21890); Oropuche Lagoon, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3355); Oropuche Swamp, Ramcharan 619 (TRIN 24188); San Francique, Broadway 4978 (TRIN 8137); Nariva Swamp, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 12354), Aitken 39 (K, IJ, TRIN 18617, US), Ramcharan 94 (TRIN 21713). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. View in CoL 9: 304 (1919) Exotic.

Ichnanthus calvescens (Nees) Döll, Fl. Bras. View in CoL 2: 285 (1877) Syn: Ichnanthus calvescens (Nees) Döll var. calvescens View in CoL ; Ichnanthus calvescens (Nees) Döll var. scabrior Döll View in CoL ; Ichnanthus ichnodes (Griseb.) Hitchc. & Chase Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Grassland, thickets and forest margins in shade, usually on rocky soil. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 586 (BM, K, MO); St. Anns Hills, sine coll. (TRIN 3182), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5599), Hitchcock 587 (BM, K, MO); St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7490), Hitchcock 10179 (BM, RB, US); Mt. St. Benedict, Broadway 5060 (BM, K, MO), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3867 (TRIN 23879); Mt. Tabor, Raynal 15674 (K, P, TRIN 21393); Caura Road Kalloo & Gonzales s.n. (MO, TRIN 24126); Hollis Reservoir Road, Johnson 864 (TRIN 32730); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5173); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 764 (TRIN 31028). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Ichnanthus leiocarpus (Spreng.) Kunth, Révis. Gram. View in CoL 2: 507 (1831) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: North Post and Maqueripe, Farrell s.n. (TRIN 24391). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru.

Ichnanthus nemoralis (Schrad. ex Schult.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 334 (1917) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests and among shrubs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Lot 42, Broadway 4472 ( US). TRINIDAD:St. Anns, Crueger 157 (TRIN 2278); Mt. St. Benedict, Raynal 15672 (K, P, TRIN 21384); Arima, Davidse 2519 (MO); Arima, Kalloo & Johnson s.n. (TRIN 30555); Aripo Heights, Crueger 78 (TRIN 3181); Guayaguayare, Maggs 269 (K, TRIN 24042); Erin Forest Reserve, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3977 (BM); Irois, Crueger 82 (K). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Ichnanthus nemorosus (Sw.) Döll, Fl. Bras. View in CoL 2: 289 (1877) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady banks and in shaded, moist soil. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Longdenville-Talparo; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Mt. Aripo, Cowan 1380 (TRIN 19132, US); Erin Savanna, Soderstrom 1119 (TRIN 19795). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth., Fl. Hongk. View in CoL 414 (1861) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest shade, shady pathside banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot View in CoL ; Matura-Salybia; Monos; NW Peninsular Corner; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 11% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Eggers 5685 (K); Greenhill, Broadway 4039 (BM); The Widow, Broadway 4080 (BM, K, M, MO, US); Menna district, Broadway 9075 (BM); Parlatuvier, Sandwith 1883 (K); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Cowan 1423 (TRIN 19137, US); Pigeon Hill, Cowan & Forster 1464 (TRIN 19136, US); Parlatuvier-Roxborough Trace, Cowan 1479 (K, TRIN 19840, US); Mount St. George-Castara Trace, Cowan 1509 (TRIN 19757, US); Roxborough-Bloody Bay Road, Baksh 369 (TRIN 24700); Main Ridge, Ryves & Clement 84 (TRIN 32861); Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 115 (TRIN 32860). TRINIDAD: Morne Catherine, Adams 14630 (TRIN 24079), Adams 14631 (TRIN 24077); peninsula between La Vache and Maracas Bays, Davidse 2566A (MO); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5425), Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8264), Broadway 4911 (TRIN 7485), Broadway 7063 (MO); St. Anns, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 3191); St. Anns Valley, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2281); St. Anns Heights, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7542); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 583 (MO), Hitchcock 9955 (BM), Hitchcock 584 (BM, MO); Tucuche, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5215), Soderstrom 1053 (K, TRIN 23877, US), Adams 14070 (TRIN 21355), Barnard et al. 519 (MO); Maracas, Broadway 5361 (BM, MO); Maracas Bay, Broadway 8950 (BM); Mt. Tabor, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3982 (TRIN 24070); Caura, Broadway 7079 (BM, MO), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3890 (TRIN 24071); Caura Valley Road, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11883); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8259); Arima Valley, Cowan & Simmonds 1197 (TRIN 19851), Cowan & Simmonds 1200 (TRIN 19853), Cowan & Simmonds 1210 (TRIN 19843, US); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5505 (MO), Broadway 6004 (BM, MO), Richardson 858 (K, MO TRIN 15958), Davidse 2464 (MO), Adams 14167 (TRIN 21320); Morne Bleu, Baksh 400 (TRIN 24637); Aripo Road, Broadway 5893 (BM, K, MO); Mt. Aripo, Cowan 1373 (TRIN 19125, US); Hollis Reservoir, Johnson 867 (TRIN 32732); Oropuche Local Road, Broadway s.n. (K); Oropuche River, Comeau 1262 (TRIN 31170); Balandra Bay, Britton et al. 432 (K); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7523); Caparo Woods, Broadway 4931 (TRIN 7476); Arena Government Forests, Broadway 6010 (BM), Adams 14207 (TRIN 24069); Tamana,, Broadway 4960 (TRIN 8142); Tabaquite, Hitchcock 585 (BM, K, MO); Point Radix, Ramcharan 356 (TRIN 22290); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 252 (TRIN 22134); Rio Claro-Guayaguayare Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3824 (TRIN 23878); La Brea, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8134); Coromandel area, Ramcharan s.n. (TRIN 24393). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Ichnanthus tenuis (J.Presl) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 334 (1917) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed shady ground, damp shady banks and near streams. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, Broadway 4912 (K, MO, RB, US, TRIN 7484); St. Anns, Hitchcock

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

10199 (BM), Broadway 7999 (BM); Maracas Bay, Maggs 88 (K); Maracas Bay Heights, Maggs 102 (K); Maracas, Broadway 7108 (BM); Maracas Falls, Raynal 15619 (K, P, TRIN 21397); Road to Tucuche, Broadway s.n. (K); Tucuche, Soderstrom 1046 (K, TRIN 24045); Naranja, Baksh 133 (TRIN 24649); St. Joseph, Hitchcock 580 (BM, BR, K, MO); St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7487); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1269 (TRIN 24044); Caura Valley, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3772 (TRIN 24043); Cleaver Woods Recreation Park, Johnson s.n. (TRIN 29507); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5532 (K, MO), Kalloo B1871 (TRIN 31664); Las Lapas Trace, Adams 14667 (TRIN 24076); Arima Pass, Breedlove 18970 (MO); Arima, Purdie 105 (K); Chaguanas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3722). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America.

Imperata brasiliensis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb. sér. 6 Sci.-Math., 2: 331 (1832) Common name: House Grass, Needle Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open dry ground, impoverished grassland, at margins of savanna in burnt areas replacing transition to forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos, Chenery 154 (K), Baksh 918 (TRIN 28363); St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3844); Cleaver Woods Recreation Park, Johnson s.n. (TRIN 27565); Piarco Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5301); O’Meara Savanna, Cowan & Richardson 1131 (K, TRIN 19181, US), Soderstrom 1006 (K); Carlsen Field, Cowan & Forster 1233 (TRIN 19119, US); St. Mary’s junction, Cooper s.n. (TRIN 24068); Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 232 (BM, K, MO). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Imperata contracta (Kunth) Hitchc., Annual Rep. View in CoL Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 146 (1893) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open grassland, savanna margins, swamps and moist open ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Erin-Guapo; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Hillsborough Dam Road, Baksh 519 (MO, TRIN 24661); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 205 (TRIN 32854). TRINIDAD: Scotland Bay Savanna, Adams 14663 (TRIN 24087); St. Anns, Crueger s.n. (K); St. Joseph Village, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3379), Hitchcock 10027 (BM); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1082 (K); O’Meara Savanna, Soderstrom 1006 (TRIN 19174); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7519); Rio Claro, Soderstrom 1067 (K, TRIN 19111); Nariva, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3685 (TRIN 23880); Moruga Road, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9292), Davidse 2616 (MO). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Isachne arundinacea (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. View in CoL 553 (1864) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady forests, wooded hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Las Lapas, Broadway 6746 (BM, K, MO); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Davidse 2480 (BM, MO), Adams 14174 (TRIN 21308). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Isachne disperma (Lam.) Döll, Fl. Bras. View in CoL 2: 274 (1877) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, mountain woods. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Hitchcock 10279 (BM, K, MO); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1851 (K). Global range: Lesser Antilles.

Isachne polygonoides (Lam.) Döll, Fl. Bras. View in CoL 2: 273 (1877) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy savannas, moist ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7526); Piarco Savanna, Hitchcock 598 (BM, K, MO), Britton & Hazen 704 (TRIN 9496); Aripo Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3749 (TRIN 23881), Howard 10499 (BM); Johnson 1266 (BM, TRIN 34495). Global range: Greater Antilles, United States (Texas), southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Ischaemum angustifolium (Trin.) Hack. ex Oliver, Icon. Pl. View in CoL 18: t.1773 (1888) Exotic.

Ischaemum aristatum L., Sp. Pl. 1049 (1753) Exotic.

Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth, Révis. Gram. 1: 168. 1829 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist shady places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without data, sine coll. (TRIN 3380), Finlay 119 (K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb., Icon. Stirp. Rar. 1: t.1 (1791) Exotic.

Ischaemum timorense Kunth, Révis. Gram. 1: 369 (1830) Exotic.

Lasiacis anomala Hitchc., J. View in CoL Washington Acad. Sci. 9: 37 (1919) Common name: Bamboo Grass. Habit: Herb.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Habitat: Savannas, forest margins on sandy soils, cliffs or rocks, often near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Gasparee; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 25% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Johnson 1025 (TRIN 32988); Huevos, Ramcharan s.n. (TRIN 24394); Monos, Williams s.n. (TRIN 9446), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7447, US); Scotland Bay, Adams 14103 (TRIN 21345); Teteron Bay, Broadway 6775 (BM, MO); Chaguaramas, Broadway 6739 (BM, MO, US); Morne Catherine Road, Webster & Miller 9943 (PUR, TRIN 19701); Pointe Gourde, Broadway 8081 (A, BM, K, US); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 595 (F, BM, GH, K, MO, NY, P, US); St. Anns, Broadway 5946 (K); Lopinot Road, Adams 13777 (TRIN 21068); between Piarco Village and Airport, Davidse 2522 (MO); Mausica Road, Davidse 2591 (K, MO); Claxton Bay-Solomon Hochoy Highway, Ramcharan 601 (TRIN 24116); Moruga, Britton & Broadway s.n. (TRIN 11287); Erin Savanna, Soderstrom 1126 (K, TRIN 19807); Irois Bay, Davidse 2580 (K, MO); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9280). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, northern Brazil.

Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitchc. , Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 15: 16 (1910) Common name: Vine Bamboo. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady slopes and among shrubs especially near the coast. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots : TOBAGO : NE Coast-Main Ridge F. R.; TRINIDAD : Longdenville-Talparo; NW Peninsular Corner; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : opposite Melville Island, Freeman & Williams s.n. ( TRIN 11426 About TRIN ); Parlatuvier, Sandwith 1884 ( K); Speyside, Clement & Ryves 596 ( BM). TRINIDAD : Without locality, Lodge s.n. ( K). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands , Greater Antilles , Virgin Islands , Lesser Antilles , United States (Florida) , Mexico (Tabasco, Chiapas, Yucatán), Central America , Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia .

Lasiacis ligulata Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 337 (1917) Common name: Bamboo Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, clambering over bushes and small trees, along streams. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Monos; NW Peninsular Corner; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 33% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Belmont, Broadway 3551 (F, ISC, MO, US); Greenhill, Broadway 4038 (BM, F, K, NY, US); Calder Hall, Freeman & Williams s.n. (K); Mt. St. George to Hillsborough Dam, Philcox & Raynal 7906 (K, TRIN 21621); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, Cowan 1410 (NY, TRIN 19141, US); Roxborough-Bloody Bay Road, Cowan 1486 (K, NY, RB, TRIN 19147, US), Baksh 323 (MO, TRIN 24701); Roxborough to Main Ridge Road, Clement & Ryves 330 (BM); Bloody Bay, Ryves & Clement 31 (TRIN 32865); Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 118 (TRIN 32866). TRINIDAD: Monos, Simmonds s.n. (TRIN 15703); North Post Road, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7550); Diego Martin, McLean s.n. (TRIN 7717); Maraval, sine coll. (TRIN 5427); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 589 (BM, F, GH, K, L, MO, NY, US); between La Vache and Maracas Bays, Davidse 2566 (MO); Gasparillo Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3882 (TRIN 23886); St. Augustine, Wright s.n. (TRIN 14053); Five Rivers, Broadway 6811 (BM, F, K, MO, US); Morne Bleu, Britton et al. 2266 (GH, K, NY, US), Williams & Sandwith s.n. (TRIN 12308); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5504 (A, BM, K, MO), Adams 14168 (K, TRIN 21891); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8258); Guanapo Heights Road, Davidse 2461 (MO); Aripo Road, Broadway 5892 (BM, K, MO, US); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (GH, K, NY, TRIN 9929, US); between Valencia and Matura, Soderstrom 1036 ( US); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7524); Caparo Woods, Broadway 4923 (TRIN 7481, US); Tamana, Broadway 4952 (RB, TRIN 8152, US); Manzanilla Bay, Ramcharan 341 (TRIN 22115); Plum Mitan, Baksh 729 (TRIN 27583); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 85 (TRIN 22043), Ramcharan 249 (TRIN 22137), Ramcharan 194 (TRIN 21279), Ramcharan 204A (TRIN 22136), Ramcharan 409 (TRIN 22167); Point Radix, Ramcharan 361 (MO, TRIN 22114), Ramcharan 385 (TRIN 22191); Moruga, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7915, US); Point Fortin, Davidse 2579 (MO). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Lasiacis ruscifolia (Kunth) Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. View in CoL Washington 24: 145 (1911) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodlands and secondary vegetation. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 3168); Erin, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 7327). Global range: Greater Antilles, Florida, Mexico, Central

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv. ex Ham.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18(7): 338 (1917) Syn: Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv. ex Ham.) Hitchc. & Chase var. patentiflora (Hitchc. & Chase) Davidse Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forest margins, ravines, mountain side, hedges, mud volcanoes. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; SW Erin-Guapo; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Whim, Broadway 4841 (K); Pigeon Hill, Cowan & Forster 1448 (K, TRIN 19756, US); Parlatuvier-Roxborough Trace, Cowan 1484 (TRIN 19481, US); Charlotteville, Baksh 301 (TRIN 27587); between Studley Park and Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 270 (BM); Hope, Ryves & Clement 161 (TRIN 32859). TRINIDAD: Pointe Gourde, McLean s.n. (TRIN 9447); Carenage Main Road, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 11286); North Post Road, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7547); Port of Spain, Davidse 2561 (MO); Blue Basin, Broadway 5873 (BM, K, MO); Maraval Valley, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2298), Broadway 7067 (BM, K, MO); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9980 (BM), Hitchcock 592 (BM, K, MO); St. Anns, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3190); St. Anns Heights, Britton et al. 665 (K, NY); Maracas, Broadway 7233 (BM, MO); Maracas Road, Johnson 393 (TRIN 31894); Mt. Tabor, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3980 (TRIN 23882); Mt. St. Benedict, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3875 (TRIN 23883), Mt. St. Benedict to St. Joseph Savanna, Hekking 1287 (TRIN 23884); Cleaver Woods Recreation Park, Johnson & Kalloo s.n. (TRIN 27566); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 7666 (BM, K); Arima Valley, Snow s.n. (K); Arima, Davidse 2446 (MO), Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8273); Guanapo Heights Road, Davidse 2460 (MO); Guanapo Heights, Raynal 15598 (K, P, TRIN 21392); Aripo Road, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5991); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7521); Point Radix, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3863 (TRIN 23885); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 254 (TRIN 22135); Oropuche, Broadway 4976 (TRIN 8133); Morne Derrick, Baksh 673 (TRIN 27586); Moruga, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7579). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Leersia hexandra Sw., Prodr. 21 (1788) Common name: Cascadoux Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, ditches, ponds and shallow water, marshes and rice fields; in hogwallow channels and depressions in savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10031 ( US); St. Augustine, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20495), Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20498); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Johnson 1256 (BM); Arima, Hitchcock 10315 (BM); Hollis Reservoir, Maggs 231 (K); Arima-Sangre Grande Road, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23888); Valencia, Davidse 2490 (BM, MO); Long Stretch, Adams 14002 (MO, TRIN 21475); Caroni Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3408 (TRIN 23887); Caroni Swamp, Soderstrom 1100 (K, TRIN 19789); Manzanilla, Hitchcock 10367 ( US); Nariva Swamp, Aitken 17 (K, TRIN 18587), Kalloo B849 (K, TRIN 18860), Ramcharan 88 (TRIN 21761), Ramcharan 148 (TRIN 23130), Ramcharan 236 (TRIN 21662); Pitch Lake, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3360); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7305), King s.n. (TRIN 7234). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Leptochloa longa Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 538 (1864) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stream banks, shady banks, wooded hillsides. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: opposite Melville Island to Charlotteville, Freeman & Williams s.n. (TRIN 11419). TRINIDAD: Tabaquite, Soderstrom 1073 (K, TRIN 19107); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 324 (TRIN 22179); San Fernando, Hitchcock 672 (BM, K, MO); Point Galeota, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3447 (BM; Moruga, Davidse 2612 (MO); Palo Seco, Johnson 1077 (TRIN 33045); Quinam, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14457); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7342), Broadway s.n., (TRIN 9267); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 23890). Global range: Panama.

Leptochloa panicea (Michx.) Kunth subsp. mucronata (Michx.) Nowack, Rheedea View in CoL 5: 93 (1995) Syn: Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Canefields, shady places and open ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 4595 (BM); Little Tobago Island, Broadway 4892 (BM, K); Louis d’Or, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9444). TRINIDAD: Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3897 (BM), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3905 (BM); St. Augustine, Wilson s.n. (TRIN 14867); San Fernando, Broadway 6356 (BM, K, MO). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Leptochloa scabra Nees, Agrost. View in CoL Brasil. 270 (1829) Common name: Seeboolee Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps in dry season, brackish water near seashore, ditches, weed at field margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 38% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Auchenskeoch, Broadway 4739 (BM, K, MO). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Finlay 24, (K); Cocorite, Broadway 7652 (BM); San Juan, Adams 13669 (TRIN 21038); St. Joseph-

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 353 St. Gill, Maggs 6 (K); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6153 (K, L, TRIN 23891); St. Augustine, Dingle 84 (TRIN 20168), Walsh-Kemmis s.n. (TRIN 20227); Arima, Hitchcock 10293 (BM); Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3911 (BM); Caroni Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4198); Caroni Swamp, Soderstrom 1104 (K, TRIN 19805); Point Lisas to Couva, Ramcharan 559 (TRIN 24208); Brechin Castle, Maggs 36 (K); Navet Reservoir, Philcox & Andrews 8120 (K, TRIN 23453); Biche, Broadway 9394 (K); Manzanilla Bay, Soderstrom 1043 (K, TRIN 19177); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 244 (TRIN 21665), Ramcharan 247 (TRIN 21663); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9307); Moruga, Broadway & Britton s.n. (TRIN 23893); Palo Seco, Broadway 9238 (BM, MO); Point Fortin, Soderstrom 1109 (K, TRIN 19794); Cedros, Hitchcock 10137 (TRIN 23892); Icacos, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3623 (BM). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Leptochloa virgata (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 71, 161, 166 (1812) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassy slopes, dry banks by sea, open alluvial ground, muddy shores. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 4806 (MO); Bacolet, Sandwith 1608 (K); Louis d’Or, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14981); Buccoo Bay, Purseglove P6298 (K, TRIN 17361, US); Shirvan, Ryves & Clement 181 (TRIN 32810). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10684); Monos, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7430); Carenage, Broadway 6986 (K, MO); Cocorite, Broadway 7651 (BM); Beetham Highway, Davidse 2543 (MO); St. Joseph-St. Gill, Maggs 6 (K); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6097 (K, TRIN 15582); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8284); Aripo, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7511A); Caroni, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 3258), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7511B); Caroni River, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3499a (BM); Chaguanas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4220); Brechin Castle, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4512 (BM); Coast Main Road, Maggs 158 (K); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 110 (TRIN 22182); Point a Pierre, Broadway 4942 (TRIN 8158); San Fernando, Broadway 5626 (MO), Davidse 2575 (MO); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9303); Oropuche Lagoon Cowan & Forster 1254 (TRIN 19140, US); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7125); Bonasse, Cowan & Forster 1273 (K, TRIN 19828, US). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Leptocoryphium lanatum (Kunth) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 84 (1829) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassy hillsides and open savannas, usually flowering after burning. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5290), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8860), Maggs 206 (K, TRIN 23894), Kalloo B1618 (TRIN 30018); O’Meara Savanna, Broadway & Britton s.n. (TRIN 9322), Adams 13412 (TRIN); Aripo Savanna, Adams 13511 (TRIN 21076), Schwab 109 (TRIN 32117), Richardson 580 (TRIN 17736), Cowan & Richardson 1138 (K, TRIN 19830, US), Soderstrom 990 (K, TRIN 19782), Adams 14272 (TRIN 21850); Erin Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3948 (BM), Richardson 951 (TRIN 16322), Soderstrom 1114 (K, TRIN 19785). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay.

Lithachne pauciflora (Sw.) P.Beauv. ex Poir., Ess. Agrostogr. View in CoL 135, 168 (1812) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist woods, open secondary wooded thicket. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Central Range, Chenery s.n. (TRIN 23895); Four Roads, Adams 14228 (TRIN 21864); Main Road from Rio Claro to Princestown, Broadway 9309 (BM, K); San Francique Road, Philcox et al. 8390 (K, TRIN 24628). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, French Guiana, Ecuador, Paraguay, Argentina.

Luziola subintegra Swallen, Ann. View in CoL Missouri Bot. Gard. 30: 165 (1943) Common name: Dragon Grass, Pond Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Aquatic in freshwater, ponds and lagoons. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Whim, Broadway 3100 (MO, BM, K). TRINIDAD: Caroni River, Broadway 1626 (BM, K); between the Caroni and Guayamare Rivers, Bankay s.n. (TRIN 32992); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 90 (TRIN 22304), Ramcharan 141 (TRIN 21763); Icacos, Ramcharan 664 (TRIN 24171). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. View in CoL 54 (1812) Exotic.

Mesosetum loliiforme (Hochst. ex Steud.) Chase, Bot. Gaz. View in CoL 51: 302 (1911) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy ground. IUCN: LC. Star : GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna , Hitchcock 10336 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Venezuela, Guianas, eastern Brazil , Bolivia.

Neurolepis virgata (Griseb.) Pilg. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam., Nachtrag (zum 3 Teil) 1: 21 (1906) Habit: Herb.

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Habitat: Apparently restricted to the summit of El Tucuche. IUCN: CR. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Broadway s.n. (K), Chenery s.n. (K, TRIN 14227), Baker & Simmonds s.n. (K). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad.

Olyra caudata Trin., Linnaea View in CoL 10: 292 (1836) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 3252); Chaguanas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3734); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8554, US). Global range: Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Olyra ciliatifolia Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras View in CoL (19 (1823) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Under trees in woods, roadside thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (K, MO); Maracas Waterfall, Kalloo B1780 (TRIN 31509); Caura Road, Adams 13996 (TRIN 21467). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Olyra ecaudata Doell., Fl. Bras. View in CoL 2: 326 (1877) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forested path margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Yarra River, Johnson (BM, TRIN). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Olyra latifolia View in CoL L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 1261 (1759) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, secondary forests, copses and shady banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Little Tobago-St.Giles; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot View in CoL ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 27% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 41% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 42% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Frenchfield, Eggers s.n. (K); Rockley Vale, Broadway 3151 (BM, MO); Scarborough, Broadway 4362 (BM); Bacolet, Sandwith 1629 (K); Charlotteville, Jones View in CoL 119, Purseglove P6261 (K, TRIN 17325, US); Main Ridge, Soderstrom 1488 (K, TRIN 19142, US); Mt. St. George-Castara Trace, Soderstrom 1528 (K, TRIN 19758, US); Little Tobago, Webster 24196 (TRIN 28613); Moriah, Baksh 638 (TRIN 24680 (3 sheets); Hope, Ryves & Clement 182 (TRIN 32867). TRINIDAD: Point Gourde, Baksh 990 (TRIN 28571); Diego Martin, McLean s.n. (TRIN 23898); North Post to Maqueripe, Farrell s.n. (TRIN); Santa Cruz, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 6621); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 623 (BM, K, MO); Port of Spain, Davidse 2562 (MO); St. Anns, Broadway 5324 (MO); Maracas, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 23896); Mt. St. Benedict, Adams 13335 (TRIN); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1088 (K, TRIN 19819, US); Cleaver Woods Recreation Park, Johnson & Kalloo s.n. (TRIN 30553); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Richardson 854 (K, TRIN 15960); Arima Valley, Cowan & Simmonds 1195 (K, TRIN 19850, US); Arima, Davidse 2456 (MO); Guanapo Road, Barnard et al. 232 (MO); Guanapo Heights, Raynal 15593 (K, P, TRIN 21395); Aripo Valley, Cope & Fay 1705 (K, MO); Piarco Savanna, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23897); Churchill-Roosevelt Highway, Ramcharan 445 (TRIN 23131); Caroni, Crueger s.n. (K); Caparo Woods, Broadway 4933 (TRIN 7482); Cumuto, Broadway 6483 (BM, K, MO); Tabaquite, Soderstrom 1072 (TRIN 19114-5, US), Cowan & Forster 1340 (K, TRIN 19145, US); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 206 (TRIN 21664); Point Radix, Ramcharan 384 (TRIN 22113); Galeota Point, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3446 (TRIN 23899); Erin Savanna, Soderstrom 1127 (TRIN 19808), Baksh 60 (TRIN 24702); Irois Forest, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8554A); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8855), King s.n. (TRIN 7106). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Opizia stolonifera J.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 293 (1830) Exotic.

Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 54, 168, 170 (1812) Syn: Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 355 subsp. hirtellus ); Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. subsp. setarius (Lam.) Mez ex Ekman ; Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist woods and shady banks, pathsides, thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Little Tobago —St.Giles; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Central Range; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Nariva; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 9% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 35% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 72% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 66% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 28% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Studley Park, Broadway 4564 (BM); Charlotteville, Jones 118 (K); Little Tobago, Kalloo B1089 (TRIN 22603); Mt. St. George-Castara Trace, Cowan 1505 (TRIN 19139, US); Pigeon Hill, Cowan & Forster 1460 (K, TRIN 19834, US); Plymouth, Ryves & Clement 75 (K); Hope, Ryves & Clement 173 (TRIN 32855). TRINIDAD: Scotland Bay, Adams 14649 (TRIN 24084); Morne Catherine, Adams 14604 (TRIN 24083); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 601 (BM, K, MO); Maraval, Baptiste s.n. (TRIN 5423); St. Anns Heights, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7540); Maracas, Crueger s.n. (K), Broadway 5803 (MO); El Tucuche, Freeman & Williams s.n. (TRIN 10092); Mt. Tabor, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3656 (TRIN 23902); St. Joseph Hill, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7497); Caura Valley, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3889 (TRIN 23903); Mt. Aripo, Cowan 1356 (K, TRIN 19842, US); San Fernando, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2258); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 204 (TRIN 22133), Ramcharan 404 (TRIN 22180); Penal Rock Road, Johnson 387 (TRIN 31860); Morne Derrick, Baksh 679 (TRIN 31238). Global range: Pantropical.

Orthoclada laxa (Rich.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 70, 149, 168 (1812) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open forests and along paths and streams in shady woods. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 16% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 696 (BM, K, MO); Tucuche, Britton et al. 1365 (K); St. Augustine, McCreary s.n. (TRIN 14040); Cleaver Woods Recreation Park, Johnson & Kalloo s.n. (TRIN 30552); Arima Valley, Snow s.n. (K); Guanapo Heights, Raynal 15605 (K, P, TRIN 21388); Mt. Aripo, Cowan 1355 (TRIN 19131, US); Valencia-Matura Road, Soderstrom 1033 (K, TRIN 19178); Melajo Forest Reserve, Adams 14046 (MO, TRIN 21477), Johnson & Homer 283 (TRIN 31206); Sangre Grande, Maggs 42 (K); Caparo Woods, Broadway s.n. 4927 (TRIN 7475); Mt. Tamana, Broadway 7979 (BM, MO); Tamana Hills, Kalloo B1734 (TRIN 31372); Mt. Harris, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3554 (TRIN 23905); Nariva Swamp, Ortoire-Narive Windbelt Forest Reserve, Ramcharan 137 (TRIN 21655), Ramcharan 184 (TRIN 21287); Mayaro, Barnard et al. 306 (RNG, TRIN 21363); Erin-Chatham Road, Kalloo B1714 (TRIN 31258); Irois Bay, Davidse 2581 (MO). Global range: Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Oryza latifolia Desv., J. Bot. Agric. View in CoL 1: 77 (1813) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Large clumps in swamps and ditches, often in water. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Rio Claro-Mayaro Road, Soderstrom 1063 (TRIN 19109); Nariva Swamp, Aitken 44 (TRIN 18588), Kalloo B1641 (TRIN 30347), Ramcharan 93 (TRIN 21766), Ramcharan 200 (TRIN 21670); Biche-Ortoire Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3580 (TRIN 23906); Moruga Bouffe, Schwab 301 (TRIN 32084, UWSP); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7357); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8854). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, China.

Oryza sativa View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 333 (1753) Exotic.

Otachyrium versicolor (Döll) Henrard, Blumea View in CoL 4: 511 (1941) Syn: Panicum versicolor Döll Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Maggs 204 (TRIN 23941), Soderstrom 994 (K, TRIN 19182). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Panicum altum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. View in CoL 17: 488 (1915) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy marshes or flats often near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 9449); Dabadie, Broadway 5949 (BM, K, TRIN 10537); Cedros, Broadway 4918 (TRIN 7473), King s.n. (TRIN

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

7220), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7266). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil.

Panicum caricoides Nees ex Trin., Gram. Panic. 149 (1826) Syn: Panicum stenodoides F.T.Hubb. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Open wet grassy savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Williams & Sandwith s.n. (TRIN 12304), Broadway s.n. (BM), Adams 11303 (TRIN), Davidse 2559 (BM, MO), Schwab 268 (K), Schwab 286 (BM, K, TRIN 32049), Johnson 124 (TRIN 30635); Erin Savanna, Richardson 720 (TRIN 16046). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Panicum cyanescens Nees ex Trin., Gram. Panic. 202 (1826) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps and wet open savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Hitchcock 10349 (BM), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7534), Wright P4 (TRIN 24022), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3479 (TRIN 24021); O’Meara Savanna, Soderstrom 1005 (TRIN 19194), Davidse 2594 (MO); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 541 (K, TRIN 17746), Richardson 612 (TRIN 17745), Adams 11298 (TRIN 21071), Soderstrom 988 (K, TRIN 19751), Schwab 317 (TRIN 32082, UWSP), Raynal 15753 (K, TRIN 21382), Adams 13495 (TRIN 21100), W. Johnson 130 (TRIN 30648), Adams 14290 (TRIN 22039); Cumuto, Broadway 9416 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Fl. Bor. - Amer. 1: 48 (1803) Syn: Panicum aquaticum Poir. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Lakes, rivers and wet waste places, margins of streams and ponds in shallow water. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 502 (BM, K), Kalloo B962 (K, TRIN 21603). Global range: Bermuda, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Peru, Paraguay, Argentina.

Panicum grande Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17: 529 (1915) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lakes, ponds and swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Carapo Ferry Road, Adams 14378 (TRIN 22267); Caroni River, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5082), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3501 (TRIN 23912); Nariva Swamp, Aitken 42 (IJ, K, TRIN 18622, US), Kalloo B841 (K, TRIN 18858), Ramcharan 91 (TRIN 21765); Oropuche Lagoon, Hart s.n. (TRIN 7448); Ecclesville, Ramcharan 315 (TRIN 23129); Cedros, Broadway 4957 (TRIN 8145). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Panicum hirsutum Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. View in CoL 1: 173. 1797; Syn: Panicum aquaticum Poir. Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Open moist or swampy grassland, sea shore. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Parrott Hill, WEB 4586 (K, MO, TRIN 23913); Little Tobago Island, WEB 4895 (BM, K); Charlotteville, T. S. Jones View in CoL in Maggs 129 (TRIN 23914). TRINIDAD: without locality, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 3321), Finlay 76, 77 comm. in Apr. 1877 (K), Caroni Swamp, Freeman s.n., (TRIN 10191); Manzanilla Bay, T. R. Soderstrom 1045 (K, TRIN 19800); Mayaro, Guayaguayare, Barnard, Jones View in CoL & Crane 282 (RNG, TRIN 21362); Mayaro-Guayaguayare Road, Davidse 2510 (MO); Princes Town and Moruga WEB s.n. (TRIN 9291), WEB s.n. (TRIN 9302); Burke’s pasture, sea shore, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2295); Rock Dome mud volcano, P. Comeau s.n. (TRIN 32073); Lagoon at Cedros, Crueger s.n. (ex Griseb.). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Texas, Mexico, Central America and South America.

Panicum hirtum Lam., Encycl. View in CoL 4: 741 (1798) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp shady places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Hitchcock 546 (BM, K, MO); St. Joseph Hill, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7498), Hitchcock 10177 (MO, TRIN 23915); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5929 (BM, K, MO); Aripo Road, Broadway 6450 (BM, MO). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador.

Panicum maximum Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. View in CoL 1: 2, t.13 (1781) Common Name: Guinea Grass. Exotic.

Panicum mertensii Roth, Syst. Veg. View in CoL 2: 458 (1817) Common name: Cascadoux Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, riverbanks and savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1413 (MO); Caroni Savanna, [Hart s.n.] (TRIN 4197); Manzanilla Bay, Soderstrom 1044 (K, TRIN 23922); Nariva Swamp, Box 327 (BM), Baker s.n. (TRIN 15350), Aitken 21 (K, TRIN 18619), Ramcharan 86 (TRIN 21762), Ramcharan 248 (TRIN 21652), Philcox & Ramcharan 8175 (K, TRIN 23447); Cedros, Broadway

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

s.n. (TRIN 9286). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Panicum millegrana Poir. , in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 4. 278 (1816) Syn: Panicum hirsutum Lam. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Open moist or swampy grassland, sea shore. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Parrott Hill, Broadway 4586 (K, MO, TRIN 23913); Little Tobago Island, Broadway 4895 (BM, K); Charlotteville, Maggs 129 (TRIN 23914). TRINIDAD: Manzanilla Bay, Soderstrom 1045 (K, TRIN 19800); Mayaro, Barnard et al. 282 (RNG, TRIN 21362), Davidse 2510 (MO); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9291); Rock Rome mud volcano, Comeau s.n. (TRIN 32073). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Texas, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Argentina.

Panicum parvifolium Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173 (1791) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp open ground, shallow pools, sandy wet savannas, margins of ponds and streams, palm marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: O’Meara Savanna, Finlay 224 (TRIN 2282); Waller Field, Adams 13945 (TRIN 21451); Aripo Savanna, Freeman & Britton s.n. (TRIN 9071), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 10182), Williams & Freeman s.n. (TRIN 10667), Cowan & Richardson 1134 (K, TRIN 19829, US), Richardson 507 (K, TRIN 17747), Richardson 626 (K, TRIN 17748), Adams 11299 (TRIN 21072), Soderstrom 991 (K, TRIN 19200), Davidse 2549 (MO), Hitchcock 72 (BM, K, MO); Pitch Lake, Finlay s.n. (K, TRIN 2301). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Panicum pilosum Sw., Prodr. 22. 1788 Syn: Panicum milleforum Hitchc. & Chase ; Panicum pilosum Sw. var. lancifolium (Griseb.) R.Pohl, Fieldiana ; Panicum pilosum Sw. var. pilosum Habit : Herb. Habitat: Swamps. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Caroni; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 17% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet River, Eggers 5534 (K); Castara, Broadway 4063 (BM); Pigeon Hill, Cowan & Forster 1451 (K, TRIN 19148, US); Mt. St. George-Castara Trace, Thomas 2456 (MICH, TRIN 24103); Roxborough-Bloody Bay Road, Purseglove P6312 (K, TRIN 17375, US), Cowan 1422 (TRIN 19138, US), Barnard et al. 34 (TRIN 21683), Baksh 353 (TRIN 24686), Baksh 442 (TRIN 24646); between Studley Park and Goodwood, Clement & Ryves 246 (BM); Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 112 (TRIN 32870). TRINIDAD: Maraval, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8263); Maracas, Broadway 8049 (BM), Maggs 220 (K); Arima, Davidse 2459 (MO); Paria Falls, Schwab 50 (TRIN 32105, UWSP); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 7300 (BM); Morne Bleu, Maggs 142 (K); Guanapo River Valley, Raynal 15608 (K, P, TRIN 21381); Guanapo Heights, Adams 13548 (TRIN 21082); Mt. Aripo, Cowan 1375 (TRIN 19126); Cerro del Aripo, Baksh 42 (TRIN 24687); Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13590 (TRIN 21063); Cumaca Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3769 (TRIN 23927); Cumaca, Adams 13331 (TRIN); Saline Bay, Soderstrom 1028 (TRIN 19189); Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 23924); Piarco Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7537); O’Meara Savanna, Broadway & Britton s.n. (TRIN 9333); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 546 (K, TRIN 17749); Long Stretch, Broadway 7291 (BM, MO); Mt. Harris, Vesey-Fitzgerald 2334 (TRIN 23925); Four Roads, Adams 14226 (K, TRIN 21877); Biche-Ortoire Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3582 (TRIN 23923); Nariva Swamp, Aitken 8 (IJ, K, TRIN 18616, US), Ramcharan 228 (TRIN 21671); San Fernando, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2290); La Brea, Broadway s.n. 4986 (TRIN 8139); Point Fortin, Maggs 237 (K), Soderstrom 1108 (K, TRIN 19806); Erin Savanna, Cowan & Forster 1307 (K, TRIN 19835); Guapo Beach, Williams s.n. (TRIN 8856); Cedros Swamp, Hitchcock 59 (BM, K, MO). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Panicum polygonatum Schrad., Mant. 2: 256 (1824) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, shady pathsides and moist open places in woodlands, swamps and moist soil. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Longdenville-Talparo; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/ marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mason Hall, Broadway 4476 (BM, MO); Parlatuvier-Roxborough Trace, Cowan 1478 (K, TRIN 19755, US); Hillsborough Dam Road, Baksh 514 (TRIN 24650); Bloody Bay, Ryves & Clement 35 (TRIN 32871). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9953 (BM); Maracas Falls, Raynal 15620 (K, P, TRIN 21387); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6042 (TRIN 15527); St. Augustine, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20496); Paria Falls, Schwab 51 (TRIN 32106, UWSP); Spring Hill, Adams 13822 (TRIN

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

21079); Valencia, Broadway 6727 (BM, MO); Cumaca Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3770 (TRIN 2393); Heights of Oropuche, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7778); Saline Bay, Soderstrom 1027 (K, TRIN 19195); Biche Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3548 (TRIN 23928); Biche-Ortoire Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3581 (TRIN 23930); Tabaquite, Hitchcock 57 (BM, K, MO); Rio Claro-Guayaguayare Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3823 (BM); Moruga, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8207); Point Fortin, Soderstrom 1111 (K, TRIN 19798); Cedros Road, Cowan & Forster 1327 (TRIN 19128). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Panicum repens L., Sp. Pl. (ed. 2) 1: 87 (1762) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Beaches, damp waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Pitch Lake, Ryves 18 (K). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Panicum rudgei Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. View in CoL 2: 444 (1817) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy grassy or shrubby savannas, damp disturbed ground, among tall grasses on flat land, lake margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Pigeon Point, Ryves & Clement 190 (TRIN 32872). TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7491), Kalloo B1678 (TRIN 31029); St. Augustine, Soderstrom 1095 (TRIN 19187); Piarco Savanna, Kalloo B1231 (TRIN 28946); O’Meara Savanna, Broadway & Britton s.n. (TRIN 9332), Cowan & Richardson 1130 (TRIN 19823, US), Soderstrom 1010 (TRIN 19193), Ramcharan 27 (TRIN 22302); Mausica Savanna, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12626); Aripo Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5954); Chase Village, Adams 14697 (TRIN 24073); Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 75 (BM, MO); Erin, Rogers s.n. (TRIN 8274), Baksh 931 (TRIN 28422). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Panicum sellowii Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 153 (1829) Habit: Herb. Habitat: In shady places, straggling among shrubs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9979 (BM, US); Debe Valley, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 23933); St. Anns Heights, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7539); Maracas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8648); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1083 (K, TRIN 19796); Mt. Tabor, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3655 (TRIN 13099); Siparia, Hart s.n. (TRIN 2189); Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 10087 ( US); Erin Savanna, Soderstrom 1125 (K, TRIN 19185). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Panicum stenodes Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. View in CoL 547 (1864) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist open savannas, borders of ponds; in hogwallow channels and depressions in savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Piarco-Arima. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Broadway 4582 (K), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 8858), Hitchcock 10347 (BM), Maggs 197 (K, TRIN 23935), Soderstrom 995 (K, TRIN 19196), Johnson 362 (TRIN 31782); O’Meara Savanna, Ramcharan 57 (TRIN 22299); Waller Field, Adams 13599 (TRIN 21064); Aripo Savanna, Adams 14291 (TRIN 22040), Richardson 586 (TRIN 17750), Cowan & Richardson 1144 (K, TRIN 19186), Soderstrom 986 (K, TRIN 19750), Raynal 15756 (K, P, TRIN 23234), Schwab 161 (K, TRIN 32048), Adams 14374 (K, TRIN 21886); Long Stretch, Adams 14014 (TRIN 21889). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Panicum stoloniferum Poir. var. stoloniferum, Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4. 274 (1816) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas, Broadway 7239 (BM, MO); Tucuche, Soderstrom 1048 (K, TRIN 19190), Raynal 15730 (K, P, TRIN 21391); Arima Valley, Cowan & Simmonds 1198 (K, TRIN 19852); Morne Bleu, Chenery 181 (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 6907 (BM, K, MO); Arima, Crueger s.n. (K); Arima River, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2293); Aripo, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 6939); Valencia, Maggs 207 (K, TRIN 23937); Cumaca, Adams 13330 (TRIN 21091); Oropuche Road, Adams 14049 (TRIN 21481); Chaguanas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 3747). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina.

Panicum trichanthum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 210 (1829) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp open ground, moist thickets and river banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Nariva Swamp, Adams 14241 (TRIN 21867); Moruga, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7585); Siparia, Broadway 4973 (TRIN 8130); Los Bajos, Broadway

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 359 s.n. (TRIN 7353); Los Iros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7652); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 23938), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8556); Cedros Road, Cowan & Forster 1328 (TRIN 19129). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Texas), southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Panicum trichoides Sw., Prodr. 24 (1788) Habit: Herb. Habitat: In shade in wet areas, often a weed in fields. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maqueripe Bay, Adams 14132 (MO, TRIN 21348); North Coast Road, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7546); Port of Spain, Bromfield s.n. (K); St. Augustine, Lyonga 14 (TRIN 20273); Arima, Eggers 960 (K); Caura, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3891 (TRIN 23940); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13546 (TRIN 21097); Central Range, Wright s.n. (TRIN 14057); Penal Rock Road, Johnson 386 (TRIN 31861); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7099), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3620 (TRIN 23939). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. View in CoL 3: 365 (1898) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open stony slopes, rocky soil. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Crueger 162 (TRIN 3363); Monos, Maggs 183 (K); Morris Bay, Chenery s.n. (TRIN 13553). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 583 (1920) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, lake margins, streams, ditches, ponds, marshes and swamps, mostly near the coast and sometimes in brackish water. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Baksh 533 (MO, TRIN 24657). TRINIDAD: Caroni Swamp, Soderstrom 1101 (K, TRIN 19793); San Jose Lagoon, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7465); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8562); Icacos, Hitchcock 10158 (BM), Broadway 4920 (TRIN 7471); Icacos Lagoon, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7466), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3622 (TRIN 23942). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Paspalum carinatum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Flüggé, Gram. Monogr. View in CoL , Paspalum View in CoL : 65 (1810) Habit: Herb. Habitat: On sandy soils. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Erin Savanna, Cowan & Forster 1286 (K, TRIN 19098, US), Richardson 707 (TRIN 16038), Richardson 952 (TRIN 16388), Purseglove P6514 (MO, TRIN 23106), Soderstrom 1124 (K, TRIN 19753), Farrell s.n. (TRIN 30739). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius var. conjugatum, Acta Helv. Phys. View in CoL -Math. 7: 129 (1772) Common Name: Kambut, Sour Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Ditch banks, open pastures or moist shaded ground, garden weed and open savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 4361 (BM); Pigeon Hill, Freeman & Williams s.n. (TRIN 11367); Ryves & Clement 201 (TRIN 32829); above Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 25 (TRIN 32831); Scarborough, Ryves & Clement 157 (TRIN 32832). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Wood 1726 in 1973 (K); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6002 (TRIN 15487); St. Augustine, Wright s.n. (TRIN 14035), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20428), Lyonga 110 (TRIN 20268), Adams 13976 (TRIN 21458); Curepe, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3900 (TRIN 23944); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 631 (TRIN 17751), Soderstrom 1023 (TRIN 19092); Valencia, Davidse 2488 (MO); Melajo Forest Reserve, Johnson 504 (TRIN 32000); East Coast, Vesey-Fitzgerald 2134 (TRIN 23943); Arena Forest Reserve, Maggs 109 (K); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9301); Palo Seco Bay, Barnard et al. 63 (RNG, TRIN 21378). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Paspalum convexum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Flüggé, Gram. Monogr. View in CoL , Paspalum View in CoL : 175 (1810) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open ground, fields, savannas and waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7500); Mt. St. Benedict, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3866 (TRIN 23945); Piarco Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7567). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern United States, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Paspalum coryphaeum Trin., Gram. Panic. View in CoL 114 (1826) Habit : Herb. Habitat : Open ground on rocky soil, savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: without data, TRIN 1696 About TRIN ); without locality, Finlay s.n., comm. in Apr. 1877 — K , Broadway in 1919— K, MO, TRIN 9665 About TRIN ); Botanic Garden (Hort. Trin.), near Lookout, Broadway s.n. ( K, TRIN 2175 About TRIN ); Lookout Hill, Broadway s.n. in 1919 ( TRIN 9681 About TRIN ); Botanic Garden, wild

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

on top of Lookout Hill, Broadway 7403 (MO); St. Joseph Savanna, in moist soil, full sun, common caespitose perennial, blades light green, T. R. Soderstrom 1092 with B. Kalloo & R. J. Goodland (K, TRIN 19082), gravelly waste ground, leaves broad, flat, blue-green, C. D. Adams 13463 (TRIN 21078, TRIN;Hills behind St. Augustine, 300 ft, D. H. Maggs 275 (K, TRIN 23946); Mt. St. Benedict, stigmas purple, anthers orange-brown, W. H. A. Hekking 1478 (TRIN 23947), on roadside bank, C.D. Adams 14820 with Kalloo (TRIN 24638;San Miguel Ridge, upland savanna, J. G. Myers 1359 (TRIN 14392 (2 sheets);St. Augustine, bunds of rice fields, collected with a nest at only one spot on College rice plots, J. Wilson s.n. (TRIN 14866 (3 sheets);Piarco Savanna, in large tuft by roadside, 50 ft, Maggs 248 (K); Couva Savanna, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2262. Global range: Central America ( Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama), Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Paspalum decumbens Sw., Prodr. 22 (1788) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest shade, wooded slopes, shaded banks, on boulders in river-beds. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Great Dog River, Sandwith 1740 (K). TRINIDAD: Maracas, Broadway 5802 (MO); Maracas Falls, Raynal 15617 (K, P, TRIN 21396); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Richardson 850 (K, TRIN 15959); Morne Bleu, Maggs 137 (K); Las Lapas Trace, Purseglove P6418 (IJ, K, NY, TRIN 17594, US); Aripo Road, Broadway 8030 (MO); Mt. Aripo, Cowan 1365 (TRIN 19124, US); Valencia Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3421 (TRIN 23949); Valencia-Matura Road, Soderstrom 1034 (TRIN 19820); Arima, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2271); Point Fortin, Soderstrom 1107 (K); Erin Savanna, Cowan & Forster 1306 (K, TRIN 19146). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Paspalum densum Poir., Encycl. 5: 32 (1804) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open wet savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10025 (BM); St. Augustine, Hart s.n. (TRIN 2155); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8286); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7518); Caroni Swamp, Bacon s.n. (TRIN 23245); between Piarco village and Airport, Davidse 2528 (BM, MO); Piarco Savanna, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23950), Maggs 225 (K), Cope et al. s.n. (TRIN 23102); O’Meara Savanna, Soderstrom 1007 (K, TRIN 19095), Adams 13426 (TRIN 21093); Churchill-Roosevelt Highway Extension, Johnson 1238 (TRIN 33978); Waller Field, Soderstrom 1018 (K, TRIN 19091), Adams 13948 (TRIN 21450); Aripo Savanna, Davidse 2547 (MO); Cunupia, Davidse 2601 (MO); Couva Savanna, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2268); Longdenville, Broadway 2618 (MO). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.

Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 855 (1759) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, ditches in fresh water, sometimes a weed of rice fields. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Culloden, Broadway 4513 (BM); Studley Park, Baksh 594 (TRIN 24672); between Buccoo Bay and Les Coteaux, Clement & Ryves 557 (BM); Buccoo, Ryves & Clement 47 (TRIN 32830). TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 5247 (MO); between Piarco village and Airport, Davidse 2532 (MO); Caroni Swamp, Soderstrom 1102 (K, TRIN 19787); Sangre Grande , Johnson 91 (TRIN 30110); San Fernando, Broadway 6353 (BM, K, MO). Global range: Widespread in the tropics and subtropics.

Paspalum fasciculatum Willd. ex Flüggé, Gram. Monogr. View in CoL , Paspalum View in CoL : 69 (1810) Common Name: Bamboo Grass, Bull Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stream banks, swamps and savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Chaguanas-Couva; Piarco-Arima; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; San Fernando; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 62% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Plymouth, Hitchcock 10281 ( US). TRINIDAD: Union Hall Estate, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2267); Woodbrook, Broadway 7489 (K, MO); San Juan, Adams 13676 (TRIN 21070); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6001 (TRIN 15486); St. Augustine, Brunton s.n. (TRIN 11754), Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20472); Brasso Seco, Davidse 2469 (MO); Caroni Savanna Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3404 (TRIN 23956); Caroni River, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4421 (TRIN 23957); Piarco Savanna, Maggs 247 (K); Waterloo, Myers 1367 (TRIN 14454); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 216 (TRIN 21672); Guapo Bay, Barnard et al. 113 (RNG). Global range: Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Paspalum fimbriatum Kunth View in CoL , Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 93 (1816) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady or open disturbed ground, roadsides, weed of pastures and waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Barnard et al. 60 (TRIN 21690); near Whim, roadside, Baksh 643 (TRIN 24678); Crown Point, Ryves & Clement 148 (TRIN 32826). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Davidse 2539 (MO); St. Augustine, Leighton s.n.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 361 (K, TRIN 12316); Mt. St. Benedict, Hekking 1280 (TRIN 23958), Maggs 47 (K); Arima, Davidse 2481 (MO); Waller Field, Adams 13951 (TRIN 21452); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 630 (K, TRIN 17752); Tabaquite, Soderstrom 1069 (TRIN 19097); East Coast Main Road, Maggs 159 (K); Rio Claro, Soderstrom 1066 (TRIN 19102). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Paspalum laxum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176 (1791) Syn: Paspalum glabrum Poir. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Beaches, coral strand and thicket, coconut plantations. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Scotland Bay, Adams 14106 (K, TRIN 21339). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Central America, French Guiana.

Paspalum melanospermum Desv. ex Poir., Encycl. Suppl. View in CoL 4: 315 (1816) Exotic.

Paspalum microstachyum J.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. View in CoL 1: 215 (1830) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, disturbed woodlands. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: North Manzanilla, Ramcharan 344 (TRIN 21770); Southern Watershed Reserve, Johnson 1270 (BM, TRIN 34496). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Paspalum millegrana Schrad., Mant. 2: 175 (1824) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed, often damp, open ground; on windswept rocks, close to the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Caroni; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/ marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Hitchcock 10285 (BM, TRIN 23962, US); Old Grange Road, Broadway 4696 (BM, MO); Pigeon Point, Barnard et al. 54A (TRIN 21685); Shirvan, Clement & Ryves 609 (BM); Plymouth, Ryves & Clement 76 (TRIN 32822). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Davidse 2542 (MO); Valencia, Davidse 2491 (MO); Saline Bay, Soderstrom 1024 (K, TRIN 19096); Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 23961); Toco Road, Johnson s.n. (TRIN 31285); Galera Point, Broadway 7773 (BM, MO), Adams 14199 (TRIN 21319); North Manzanilla, Ramcharan 352 (TRIN 22154); Upper Manzanilla, Davidse 2500 (MO); Mayaro, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3460 (TRIN 23959); Ortoire Bridge, Adams 13655 (TRIN 21069); San Fernando, Davidse 2571 (MO); Icacos, Broadway 4921 (TRIN 7470), Davidse 2582 (MO). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.

Paspalum multicaule Poir., Encycl. Suppl. View in CoL 4: 309 (1816) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open, often disturbed ground, in large clumps, moist savannas, roadsides, marsh forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7536); Waller Field, Adams 13962 (TRIN 21463); Aripo Savanna, Adams 13751 (TRIN); Carapichaima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8276); Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 574 (BM, K, MO), Johnson 1261 (BM, TRIN 34477); Erin Savanna, Soderstrom 1118 (K, TRIN 19103). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru.

Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Gram. Monogr. View in CoL , Paspalum View in CoL : 106 (1810) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grassland, lawns, savannas, open slopes and pastures. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, Johnson 242 (BM, TRIN 31122). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Paspalum nutans Lam., Tabl. Encycl. View in CoL 1: 175 (1791) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Pathside and roadside banks in forest shade, weed of fields and plantations. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Hillsborough Dam Road, Baksh 515 (TRIN 24651); Tobago Forest Reserve, Clement & Ryves 459 (BM); above Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 26 (TRIN 32863); Bloody Bay, Ryves & Clement 38 (TRIN 32862). TRINIDAD: Tucker Valley, Adams 14138 (TRIN 21312); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9957 (TRIN 23965); Tucuche, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3482 (TRIN 23964), Soderstrom 1055 (TRIN 19188); Maracas, Myers 1400 (TRIN 14391), Broadway 5313 (MO); Caura Road, Adams 13997 (TRIN 21471); Brasso Seco, Davidse 2468 (MO); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Adams 11323 (TRIN 21067); summit of Aripo, Freeman & Broadway s.n. (TRIN 23963); Cerro del Aripo, Baksh 34 (TRIN 24685); Valencia-Matura Road, Cowan & Forster 1399 (TRIN 19123, US); Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13578 (TRIN 21090); Cumaca, Adams 13328 (TRIN); Saline Bay, Soderstrom 1032 (K, TRIN 19081); Arena Forest Reserve, Maggs 107 (K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia.

Paspalum oligostachyum Salzm. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 23 (1853) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp, disturbed ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7437), Grand

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Fond, Broadway 5901 (K). Global range: Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil.

Paspalum orbiculatum Poir., Encycl. 5: 32 (1804) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp or swampy open places, stream banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph, Hitchcock 575 (BM, K, MO, TRIN 23966, US); St. Augustine, Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20502); Caroni, Crueger 225 (TRIN 3333), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7517); Caroni Estate, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3914 (BM); Oropuche Lagoon, Britton et al. 1139 (K, NY, US); Chaguanas, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2275), Prestoe s.n. (TRIN 1690), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4183); Biche, Maggs 188 (K); Nariva, Ramcharan 411 (TRIN 22124). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Paspalum paniculatum L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 855 (1759) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, grassland, swamps and waste places, open or partly shaded, mostly on moist ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: NW Peninsular Corner; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet River, Eggers 5480 (K); Adelphi, Broadway 4685 (BM); Bacolet, Sandwith 1611 (K); Windward Road, Shepherd & Holliday s.n. (TRIN 15155); Bloody Bay, Barnard et al. 7 (TRIN 21701); Plymouth to Les Coteaux Road, Baksh 619 (TRIN 24683); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 169 (TRIN 32824); Shirvan, Ryves & Clement 178 (TRIN 32823); Pigeon Point, Barnard et al. 57 (TRIN 21688), Ryves & Clement 195 (TRIN 32825). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 7416 (BM, K, MO); St. Anns Heights, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7545); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1079 (K, TRIN 19811); St. Augustine, Baker s.n. (TRIN 20469); Paria Road, Phillis s.n. (TRIN 14034); Spring Hill, Adams 13820 (TRIN 21065); Plum Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3869 (TRIN 23968); Princes Town, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9306); Rio Claro-Guayaguayare Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3825 (TRIN 23967); Moreau Road, Davidse 2613 (MO); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7143). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Paspalum pilosum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 175 (1791) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open savannas and disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9987 (BM); Queens Park Savanna, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12293); Santa Cruz, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8272); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6143 (TRIN 15628); St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7502); St. Augustine, Maggs 144 (K); San Miguel Ridge, Myers 1360 (TRIN 14453); Caura Road, Adams 13990 (TRIN 21470); Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13576 (TRIN); Saline Bay, Soderstrom 1029 (K, TRIN 19087); Piarco Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7566), Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23970); Waller Field, Soderstrom 1013 (K, TRIN 19094); Aripo Savanna, Hitchcock 10075 (TRIN 23969), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3750 (TRIN 23971), Richardson 648 (K, TRIN 17753); Valencia, Davidse 2487 (MO); La Brea , sine coll. (K), Broadway 4969 (TRIN 8127), Cowan & Forster 1260 (TRIN 19865, US), Adams 13556 with M. B. Kalloo (MO, TRIN 21085); Erin Savanna, Richardson 730 (TRIN 24156), Soderstrom 1122 (K, TRIN 19113). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Paspalum plicatulum Michx., Flor. Bor. - Amer. 1: 45 (1803) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open waste ground, pasture margins, roadsides, slopes, banks and savannas, mostly on heavy soils. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Moriah, Baksh 254 (TRIN 24688); near Whim, Baksh 642 Adams (TRIN 24679); Bloody Bay, Ryves & Clement 36 (TRIN 32807); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 91 (TRIN 32821), Ryves & Clement 163 (TRIN 32828). TRINIDAD: St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10190 (BM); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1080 (TRIN 19101), Adams 13467 (MO, TRIN 21096), Thomas 2474 (MICH, TRIN 24108); San Miguel Ridge, Myers s.n. (TRIN 14395); St. Augustine, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20487); Caura Royal Road, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3495 (TRIN 23972), Adams 13994 (TRIN 21466); Lopinot Road, Broadway 6777 (BM, MO); Piarco Savanna, Maggs 30 (K), Kalloo B850 (K, TRIN 18859); O’Meara Savanna, Ramcharan 10 (TRIN 22298), Ramcharan 45 (TRIN 22297); Waller Field, Soderstrom 1011 (TRIN 19079); Aripo Savanna, Broadway 9105 (BM, MO, K, TRIN 9105), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3748 (TRIN 23974), Schwab 346 (TRIN 30757, UWSP); Couva Savanna, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2265); Erin Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3956 (TRIN 23973), Richardson 717 (TRIN 24155), Soderstrom 1120 (TRIN 19791); Chatham, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7239). Global range: Widespread in the Americas.

Paspalum pulchellum Kunth, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. View in CoL 2: 68 (1815) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open savannas, grassland on sandy soil; tops of hummocks between hogwallows in savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Wright P6 (TRIN 14038), Maggs 201 (K, TRIN 23975), Soderstrom 996 (K, TRIN 19080), Soderstrom 999 (K, TRIN 19085); O’Meara Savanna, Baker s.n. (TRIN 15177), Adams 13429 (TRIN 21075); Aripo Savanna, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2272), Alexander s.n. (TRIN 6082), Richardson

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

592 (K, TRIN 17754), Cowan & Richardson 1139 (TRIN 19831, US), Webster et al. 9623 (PUR, TRIN 19209), Adams 11310 (TRIN), Soderstrom 987 (K, TRIN 19099), Soderstrom 1022 (TRIN 19089), Schwab 283 (BM, TRIN 32083, UWSP). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Paspalum pumilum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 52 (1929) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and disturbed ground, moist savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7531), Hitchcock 10350 (BM); Long Stretch, Broadway 6946 (BM, K, MO), Adams 14026 (K, TRIN 21479 Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile.

Paspalum repens P.J.Bergius, Acta Helv. Phys. View in CoL -Math. 7: 129, t. 7 (1762) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Streams, lakes, swamps, ponds and ditches. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caroni Savanna, sine coll. (TRIN 4194, US); Nariva Swamp, Aitken s.n. (K, TRIN 18620, US), Kalloo B840 (IJ, K, NY, TRIN 18855, UJ, US), Ramcharan 146 (MO, TRIN 21764), Ramcharan 182 (TRIN 21673), Ramcharan 238 (TRIN 21651). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern United States, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay.

Paspalum saccharoides Nees ex Trin., Sp. Gram. 1: t. 107 (1828) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside banks, sea cliffs and steep slopes in forested areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Adelphi, Broadway 3979 (BM); Caledonia, Sandwith 1719 (K); Bloody Bay to Roxborough, Barnard et al. 32 (TRIN 21699); Roxborough-Bloody Bay Road, Baksh 326 (TRIN 24703); Tobago Forest Reserve, Clement & Ryves 452 (BM); above Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 10 (TRIN 32805). TRINIDAD: Tucker Valley, Adams 14125 (TRIN 21333); Piedra Blanca to Maracas Bay, Adams 13705 (TRIN); Tucuche, Soderstrom 1049 (K, TRIN 19093); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Davidse 2465 (MO); between Morne La Croix and Morne Gasparee, Adams 13983 (TRIN 21468); Guapo, Chenery s.n. (TRIN 13554); Cedros, Hitchcock 10134 ( US); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9284). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Paspalum serpentinum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 22 (1853) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open wet sandy savannas; frequent on hummocks in savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Piarco-Arima. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5163), Soderstrom 998 (K, TRIN 19083), Kalloo B1615 (TRIN 30019); between Piarco Village and Airport, Davidse 2524 (MO); Aripo, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7509), Richardson 523 (K, TRIN 17755). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Paspalum setaceum Michx., Fl. Bor. - Amer. 1: 43 (1803) Syn: Paspalum debile Michx. ; Paspalum propinquum Nash Habit : Herb. Habitat: Roadsides in sandy areas, open savannas and slopes. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Pigeon Point area, Ryves & Clement 196 (TRIN 32857). TRINIDAD: Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 24013), Richardson s.n. (TRIN 15721). Global range: Widespread in North and Central America and the Caribbean.

Paspalum unispicatum (Scribn. & Merr.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 193 (1912) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Pastures, roadsides, open slopes and dry ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: without locality, Kuntze 991 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina.

Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Prodr. 21 (1788) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal in brackish sands; on sea sands. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal; TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; Nariva; Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 10: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Studley Park, Broadway 3045 (BM, MO); Pigeon Point, Sandwith 1706 (K), Mesopotamia to Mt. St. George, Philcox & Raynal 7871 (K, TRIN 21616); between Arnos Vale and Parrot Hall, Clement & Ryves 665 (BM); Englishmans Bay, Ryves & Clement 66 (TRIN 32803). TRINIDAD: Saline Bay, Soderstrom 1025 (K, TRIN 19084), Soderstrom 1026 (TRIN 19086); Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 23955), T. R. Soderstrom 1035 (K, TRIN 19804), Kalloo & Johnson s.n. (TRIN 31286); Caroni Swamp, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3403 (TRIN 23952), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3499 (TRIN 23953); Upper Manzanilla, Davidse 2497 (MO); Manzanilla Beach, Kalloo

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

B1635 (TRIN 30373); Nariva Swamp, Boatline Johnson 769 (TRIN 32623); Mayaro Bay, Raynal 15696 (K, P, TRIN 21386); Mayaro Beach, Kalloo B1801 (TRIN 31812); Cocal Beach, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5742); Oropuche Lagoon, Maggs 218 (K); Soldado Rock, Farrell & Quesnel s.n. (TRIN 23151), Baksh 717 (TRIN 27567); Guayaguayare, Adams 13644 (TRIN 21073); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9282); Icacos Lagoon, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3621 (TRIN 23954). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Paspalum virgatum L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 855 (1759) Common name: Cortadero, Razor Grass, Sword grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open land, banks and slopes, mostly on moist and swampy land, disturbed areas associated with savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; Nariva; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples); Swamp/ marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 11259); Pigeon Point, Barnard et al. 54B (TRIN 21684); Shirvan, Ryves & Clement 183 (TRIN 32801). TRINIDAD: Blanchisseuse, Davidse 2475 (MO); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6089 (TRIN 15574); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1081 (K, TRIN 19100), Piarco Swamp, Maggs 32 (K); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 836 (K, MO, TRIN 17756), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3746 (TRIN 23979), Richardson 649 (TRIN 17757), Richardson 836 (TRIN 17756); Waller Field, Soderstrom 1016 (K, TRIN 19088), Adams 13949 (TRIN 21448); Cumuto, Broadway 5722 (K, MO); Chaguanas, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 4219); Chaguanas, Myers H433 (K); Pointe a Pierre, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2270); San Fernando, Davidse 2572 (MO); East Coast, Vesey-Fitzgerald 2136 (TRIN 23978); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 229 (TRIN 21650), Ramcharan 251 (TRIN 21656); Pitch Lake, Broadway 9012 (MO); Maraca Road, Johnson 412 (TRIN 31885); Palo Seco Bay, Barnard et al. 65 (RNG); Los Blanquizales Lagoon, Barnard et al. 166 (RNG, TRIN 21369); Bonasse, Cowan & Forster 1275 (K, TRIN 19847, US); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 23977). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 213 (1827) Syn: Cenchrus ciliaris L. Exotic.

Pennisetum orientale Rich., Syn. Pl. 1: 72 (1805) Exotic.

Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersberg. sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 184 (1835) Exotic.

Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult., Mant. 2: 146 (1824) Common name: Kyasuwa Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Savannas and waste and distubed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway s.n. (MO); Plymouth, Hitchcock 11235 (BM); Adelphi, Broadway 4683 (BM, MO); Friendship Estate, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11036); Minister Bay, Maggs 164 (TRIN 23982); Moriah, Baksh 251 (TRIN 24704); Pigeon Point, Barnard et al. 53 (TRIN 21693), Ryves & Clement 200 (TRIN 32800); between Bucco Bay and Les Coteaux, Clement & Ryves 555 (BM); Bacolet, Sandwith 1755 (K). TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7489), Kalloo B1220 (TRIN 28863); Mt. St. Benedict, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3893 (TRIN 23981); St. Augustine, Kalloo B1172B (TRIN 21872); Mausica Road, Kalloo B1172A (TRIN 28173); St. Quinton Estate, Broadway 8066 (BM); Icacos, Hitchcock 611 (BM, K, MO), Broadway 4964 (TRIN 8140); Icacos Point, Barnard et al. 157 (RNG); Columbus Bay, Adams 14276 (TRIN 21855). Global range: United States (Arizona), Central America (Honduras), Peru, Bolivia.

Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 44 (1827) Exotic.

Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1923: 113 (1923) Exotic.

Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult., Mantissa 2: 146 (1824) Exotic.

Pharus lappulaceus Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane View in CoL 859 (1775) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Fernando, Hitchcock 312 (BM. Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Pharus latifolius L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 1269 (1759) Habit: Herb. Habitat: In shady forests, rich woods and hillside thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E. Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo;

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 22% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 57% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 22% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Lambeau Hill, Sandwith 1663 (K); Hermitage River, Cowan 1550 (TRIN 19143, US); Speyside, Ryves & Clement 57 (TRIN 32804). TRINIDAD: Maracas, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 3257); Maracas Waterfall, Kalloo B1779 (TRIN 31510); Mt. St. Benedict, Adams 13341 (TRIN), Raynal 15667 (K, P, TRIN 21398); Caura Valley, Adams 14690 (TRIN 24134). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Pharus parvifolius Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. View in CoL Club 35: 301 (1908) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest shade, rich woods. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; North central coast. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 11% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: above Hermitage River, Cowan 1552 (TRIN 19150, US). TRINIDAD: Maracas Falls, Broadway 6703 (K); St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman (TRIN 8088, TRIN 8089, TRIN 8090); Mt. Harris, Maggs 187 (K); Mt. Tamana , [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3364), Broadway 4955 (TRIN 8148), Johnson 1069 (TRIN 33027); Tabaquite, sine coll. (TRIN 2609); Southern Watershed Reserve, Britton et al. 1097 (K, NY; Trinity Hills, Wood s.n. (TRIN 33023). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay.

Pharus virescens Döll, Fl. Bras. View in CoL 2: 21 (1871) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland margin in shade. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Erin, Ryves 1 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. View in CoL ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841) Syn: Phragmites communis Trin. Common View in CoL name: Common Reed, Reed. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, marshes, riverbanks and ditches, often near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Nariva; SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Hitchcock 10231 ( US). TRINIDAD:Nariva Swamp, Adams 14235 (TRIN 21863), Ramcharan 205 (TRIN 21667), Johnson 172 (TRIN 30844); Icacos, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7392). Global range: Cosmopolitan.

Piresia sympodica (Döll) Swallen, Phytologia View in CoL 11: 153 (1964) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady forest floors. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot View in CoL ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 46% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 30% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: North Coast Road, Davidse 2567 (BM, MO); Las Cuevas, Maggs 278 (K, TRIN 23986); Brasso Seco, Davidse 2467 (MO); Arima, Davidse 2455 (MO); Mausica Road, Chenery s.n. (K); Cumuto, Broadway 5734 (K); Sangre Grande View in CoL , Broadway 5392 (K, MO); Melajo Forest Reserve, Adams 14036 (TRIN 21478); Caparo, Broadway 2375 (MO, US), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8122); Guaico to Mt. Harris, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3852 (BM); Tabaquite, Hitchcock 10127 ( US); Ortoire River, Britton et al. 2530 (K, NY, TRIN 10535); Cap de Ville, Barnard et al. 81 (RNG); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9283). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Polytrias indica (van Houtte) Veldkamp, Blumea View in CoL 36: 180 (1991) Syn: Polytrias amaura (Büse) Kuntze Exotic. View in CoL

Raddia guianensis (Brongn.) Hitchc., Man. Grasses W.I. 373 (1936) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest shade. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Cremorne River, Eggers 5841 (K); The Widow, Broadway 4360 (BM, GH, K, TRIN 23984); Northside Road, Freeman & Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11398); Charlotteville, Maggs 115 (TRIN 23985); Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1846 (K), Cowan 1525 (TRIN 19130, US); Main Ridge, Ryves & Clement 79 (TRIN 32802); near Easterfield, Clement & Ryves 701 (BM). TRINIDAD:Yarra River, Johnson (BM, TRIN). Global range: Venezuela, French Guiana, Surinam, Brazil.

Raddiella esenbeckii (Steud.) C.E.Calderón & Soderstrom, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. no. 44: 21 (1980) Habit:

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Herb. Habitat: Wet places on poor soils; ditch-banks, hog-wallows in open savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Broadway 7685 (BM, MO), Cowan & Richardson 1147 (K, TRIN 19832, US), Richardson 661 (K, TRIN 17737), Hekking 1344 (TRIN 23987), Baksh 403 (TRIN 24648), Davidse 2550 (K, MO, US), Johnson 760 (TRIN 32614); Long Stretch Savanna, Maggs 297 (K), Adams 14010 (TRIN 21472). Global range: Central America (Panama), Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.

Rhipidocladum prestoei (Munro) McClure, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. View in CoL 9: 106 (1973) Syn: Arthrostylidium prestoei Munro Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Forests. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns Hills, sine coll. (TRIN 5790); St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5262); Caparo Woods, Broadway 4922 (TRIN 7483). Global range: Colombia.

Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E.Hubb., Kew Bull. 1934: 110 (1934) Exotic.

Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Kew Bull. View in CoL 35: 817 (1981) Common Name: Corn Grass, Kelly Grass. Exotic.

Saccharum bengalense Retz., Observ. Bot. View in CoL 5: 16 (1789) Exotic.

Saccharum officinarum View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 54 (1753) Exotic.

Saccharum spontaneum L., Mant. Pl. Alt.183 (1771) Exotic.

Sacciolepis indica View in CoL (L.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 8 (1908) Exotic.

Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. View in CoL Washington 21: 7 (1908) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, hogwallow channels and depressions in savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: O’Meara Savanna, Crueger s.n. (K); Piarco Savanna, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5175), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7532); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7529); Pitch Lake, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 3354). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Sacciolepis striata View in CoL (L.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 383 (1903) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Pond margins, swamps and ditches. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Manzanilla Bay, Soderstrom 1041 (K, NY, TRIN 19175, US); Nariva Swamp, Box 326 (BM, K), Aitken 7 (IJ, K, NY, TRIN 18618, US), Ramcharan 157 (TRIN 21668), Ramcharan 232 (TRIN 21661), Ramcharan 435 (TRIN 22116), Johnson 167 (TRIN 30849). Global range: Greater Antilles, southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, northern Brazil.

Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Büse, Pl. Jungh. 3: 359 (1854) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open savannas, moist roadside banks, disturbed areas associated with savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Piarco-Arima. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3751 (TRIN 23796), Richardson 786 (K, MO, TRIN 17739). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 333 (1829) Syn: Schizachyrium microstachyum (Desv. ex Ham.) Roseng., B.R.Arill. & Izag. Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Open, rather dry ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Black Rock, Baksh 355 (TRIN 24601); Between Buccoo Bay and Les Coteaux, Clement & Ryves 558 (BM); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 14 (TRIN 32820); near Easterfield, Clement & Ryves 705 (BM); Scarborough, Broadway 4799 (BM, MO). TRINIDAD: Maracas Road, Maggs 110 (K); Blanchisseuse, Maggs 134 (K); St. Joseph Savanna, Crueger s.n (K), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7503); Mt. St. Benedict, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3872 (TRIN 23797); San Fernando Hill, Kalpee s.n. (TRIN 31606); Chacachacare, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 3238); St. Anns, Broadway 7414 (BM, MO); Chupara, Adams 13715 (TRIN 21084); Tunapuna, Johnson 883 (TRIN 32747); Caura Valley, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3414 (TRIN 23803); Toco Village, Kalloo B928 (TRIN 30791); between Piarco village and Airport, Davidse 2526 (MO); Piarco Airport, Johnson 953 (TRIN 32900), Johnson 987 (BM, TRIN 32943); Waller Field, Soderstrom 1015 (K, TRIN 19117); Adams 13955 (TRIN

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 367 21455); Aripo Savanna, Barnard et al. 391 (MO, RNG); Cunupia, Davidse 2606 (MO); Erin Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3954 (TRIN 23805); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7170); Gallos Point, Cowan & Forster 1284 (K, TRIN 19866, US). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston, Suppl. Fl. Ceylon 334 (1931) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Pastures, savannas, open woodlands on sandy soil. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7501), Hitchcock 10194 ( US); Mt. St. Benedict, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3865 (BM); Erin Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3951 (BM). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth, Révis. Gram. 1: 47 (1829) Common Name: Mary Grass. Exotic.

Setaria palmifolia (J.König) Stapf, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. View in CoL 42: 186 (1914) Syn: Setaria paniculifera (Steud.) Fourn. Exotic. View in CoL

Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen, Lejeunea View in CoL n.s., 120: 161 (1987) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground, often on poor soil, and waste places; stony savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Piarco-Arima. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Adelphi, Broadway 4686 (BM, MO, TRIN 23999); Bacolet, Purseglove P6379 (K, TRIN 17440); Pigeon Point, Clement & Ryves 161 (BM); Hillsborough Dam, Ryves & Clement 5 (TRIN 32819). TRINIDAD: Queen’s Park Savannah, Broadway 6384 (BM, K, MO); Maracas, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8282); San Juan, Broadway 6382 (BM, K, MO); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6180 (K, L, TRIN 15666); St. Augustine, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20488); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13361 (TRIN 21095); O’Meara Savanna, Soderstrom 1008 (K, TRIN 19176), Ramcharan 76 (TRIN 22305); Piarco Airport, Johnson 954 (TRIN 32901); Piarco Savanna, Maggs 226 (K); Arouca-Arima Road, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 3208); Caroni, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 8283); Couva Savanna, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 3163); Erin Savanna, Richardson 718 (K, TRIN 16050). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Setaria setosa (Sw.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 171, 178 (1812) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open ground on poor soil, dry or rocky woods. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 91 (BM). TRINIDAD: without locality, Finlay 101 (K); Chacachacare, Hitchcock 10059 (BM). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Setaria sulcata Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 50 (1823) Syn: Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth Common name: Gamalot, Gamalote Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland margins, ditch-banks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Princes Town; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Hillsborough Dam, Baksh 470 (TRIN 24662), Ryves & Clement 6 (TRIN 32858). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 8957 (K, MO); San Juan, Broadway 6376 (K, MO); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6179 (K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Adams 14287 (K, TRIN 22273); Heights of Guanapo Road, Davidse 2448 (MO); Valencia-Matura Road, Soderstrom 1039 (TRIN 19786); Tabaquite, Soderstrom 1075 (K); Moruga, Davidse 2611 (MO); Maracas, Broadway 7232 (MO); St. Augustine, Wright s.n. (TRIN 14032); Oropuche River, Soderstrom 1039 (K, TRIN 19786); Brasso Seco, Davidse 2470 (MO); Plum Mitan, Ramcharan 217 (TRIN 22178); Point-a-Pierre Road, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 2288); Tabaquite, Soderstrom 1075 (TRIN 19108); Erin, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7341); Austin South Trace, Barnard et al. 171 (RNG); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7286); Icacos Point, Barnard et al. 156 (RNG, TRIN 21368). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Setaria tenacissima Schrad. ex Schult., Mant. 2: 279 (1824) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Brushy hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 10002 ( US); above St. Anns, Hitchcock 610 (BM, K, MO). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico (Chiapas), Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Setaria tenax (Rich.) Desv., Mem. Soc. Agric. Angers View in CoL 1: 182 (1831) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground, copses and dry open woods. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Monos, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11290); Port of Spain, Broadway 1648 (K); St. Anns Heights, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7544); St. Augustine, Maggs

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

273 (K, TRIN 24001); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1087 (TRIN 19754); Galera Point, Adams 14194 (TRIN 21321); Piarco Savanna, Cope et al. s.n. (MO, TRIN 23103); Erin Savanna, Soderstrom 1117 (K, TRIN 19784). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. View in CoL 2: 495 (1817) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Copses and brushy slopes, riversides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough Estate, Broadway 4898 (K, US); Speyside to Charlotteville, Tuley s.n. (TRIN 15250). TRINIDAD: Maraval, Crueger s.n. (K); Toco, Davidse 2515 (BM, MO); Moruga, [Finlay s.n.] (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Boliva, Paraguay, Argentina.

Sorghastrum setosum (Griseb.) Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. View in CoL 12: 195 (1909) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassy hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Icacos, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9290, US). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & Harlan ex Davidse, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 1258 (1993) Syn: Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf Exotic.

Sorghum halepense View in CoL (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 101 (1805) Exotic.

Sorghum View in CoL x drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. View in CoL 3: 21 (1903) Exotic.

Spartina alterniflora Loisel., Fl. Gall. 71 9(1807) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy seashore or salt marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Nariva. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Erin beach, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9287, US). Global range: Widespread in the Old and New Worlds.

Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 237 (1909) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy barrens, savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Erin Savanna, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3949 (TRIN 24003), Soderstrom 1112 (K, TRIN 19815). Global range: Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 170 (1810) Syn: Sporobolus poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc. Common Name : Hay Grass, Hay Seed, Tapia Gras, Wire Grass. Exotic.

Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth, Révis. Gram. 427 (1831) Common name: Hay Grass, Hay Seed, Mulatto Plait, Tapia Grass, Wire Grass. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Pastures, waste ground, roadsides, disturbed areas in savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: NW Peninsular Corner; Princes Town; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Eggers 5580 (K); Scarborough, Broadway 4629 (BM, MO); Rockley Vale, Broadway 4852 (BM, MO); Barbados Bay, Philcox & Raynal 7875 (K, TRIN 21620); Pigeon Point, Barnard et al. 56 (TRIN 21694); Crown Point, Ryves & Clement 141 (TRIN 32817); Plymouth, Ryves & Clement 68 (TRIN 32815). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Johnson 1033 (TRIN 32981); Gasparee, Britton et al. s.n. (TRIN 34720); Queen’s Park Savannah, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12294); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6058 (K, L, TRIN 15543); St. Joseph Savanna, Soderstrom 1085 (K, TRIN 19781), Adams 13468 (TRIN 21083); St. Augustine, Hosein s.n. (TRIN 20427); Caroni Swamp, Bacon s.n. (TRIN 23240); Aripo, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7510); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 632 (TRIN 17740), Soderstrom 985 (K, TRIN 19824); San Fernando, Davidse 2573 (MO); St. Mary’s, Adams 13572 (TRIN 21094); La Brea, Broadway 4971 (TRIN 8128); Guapo Bay, Barnard et al. 117 (RNG); Guayaguayare, Adams 13642 (TRIN 21077); Siparia-Erin Road, Johnson 231 (TRIN 31061); Cedros, King s.n. (TRIN 7191). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc., Man. Grasses W. Ind. 84 (1936) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open sandy or alkaline soil. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Cedros, Broadway 4919 (TRIN 7467). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Sporobolus tenuissimus (Mart. ex Schrank) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. View in CoL 3: 369 (1898) Syn: Sporobolus minutiflorus View in CoL

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

(Trin.) Link Habit: Herb. Habitat: Pathsides, lawns and disturbed open grounds. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Pigeon Hill, Cowan & Forster 1469 (TRIN 19151, US); above Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 117 (TRIN 32814). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 7415 (BM, MO); Port of Spain, Vesey-Fitzgerald 4007 (TRIN 24008); St. Augustine Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20490); Caura Valley, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3773 (TRIN 24007); Hollis Reservoir, Adams 13598 (TRIN 21102); Aripo Savanna, Kalloo B1240 (TRIN 28932); San Fernando, Broadway 7948 (BM, MO). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gram. 1: 67 (1829) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy or rocky seashores, saline marshes, often in pure stands. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Breeze Hall district, Broadway 3978 (BM, US); Lambeau, Broadway 4388 (BM, MO, US); Buccoo Bay, Sandwith 1672 (K); Pigeon Point, Ryves & Clement 188 (TRIN 32813). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Richardson 878 (TRIN 15967), Bande du Sud, Philcox & Olivier 7969 (K, TRIN 21622), Comeau 1378 (TRIN 32232); Cocorite, Williams & Freeman s.n. (TRIN 11288); Port of Spain, Hitchcock 10164 (BM); Balandra Bay, Kalloo & Johnson s.n. (TRIN 29812); Manzanilla, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3432 (TRIN 24009); Upper Manzanilla, Davidse 2496 (MO); Mayaro, Davidse 2507 (MO); Guapo, Williams s.n. (TRIN 8857); Erin Beach, Adams 14319 (TRIN 21797); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9281). Global range: Widespread in the sub tropics and tropics.

Steinchisma laxum (Sw.) Zuloaga, Amer. J. Bot. View in CoL 90: 817 (2003) Syn: Panicum laxum Sw. Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Ditches, banks, moist woods, wet savannas, open grassland, swamps and lake margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Speyside, Tuley s.n. (TRIN 15266); Studley Park, Baksh 593 (TRIN 24673); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 87 (BM); Between Studley Park and Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 278 (BM); Tobago Forest Reserve, Clement & Ryves 456 (BM); above Roxborough, Ryves & Clement 21 (TRIN 32868). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 5148 (BM, K, MO); Blanchisseuse, Davidse 2478 (MO); St. Joseph, Purseglove P6005 (K, TRIN 15490); St. Augustine, Wilson s.n. (TRIN 20494); Toco Road, Cowan & Forster 1385 (TRIN 19144, US); Caroni, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7527); Piarco Savanna, Hitchcock 10351 (BM), Wright P11 (TRIN 14056), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3478 (TRIN 23916); Soderstrom 1020 (TRIN 19192); Piarco Savanna, Pickles s.n. (TRIN 23918); O’Meara Savanna, Broadway & Britton s.n. (TRIN 9325); Aripo Savanna, Richardson 611 (TRIN 17742), Soderstrom 989 (K, TRIN 19154 or 19184); Long Stretch, Adams 14003 (TRIN 21473); Melajo Forest Reserve, Adams 14048 (TRIN 21482); Navet Reservoir, Philcox & Andrews 8119 (K, TRIN 23454); Nariva Swamp, Ramcharan 95 (TRIN 22038), Adams 14240 (TRIN 21862); Rio Claro—Mayaro Road, Soderstrom 1064 (K, TRIN 19198); Pitch Lake, Barnard et al. 118 (RNG, TRIN 21365); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9285). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. View in CoL 2: 794 (1891) Common name: Chien Dents, Jamaican Crab Grass, St. Augustine Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy strand, open grass land especially near the coast. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Nariva. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Grafton, Broadway 3097 (BM, MO); Scarborough, Shepherd & Holliday s.n. (TRIN 15135); Little Rockley Bay, Philcox & Raynal 7831 (K, TRIN 21613); Pigeon Point, Ryves & Clement 194 (TRIN 32812). TRINIDAD: North Coast, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 3226); Plaisance Estate road to Claxton’s Bay, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2254); Manzanilla-Mayaro Road, Johnson 484 (TRIN 31980); Erin beach, Buthn s.n. (TRIN 11188); Erin, Broadway 7794 (BM, MO); mouth of Erin River, Vesey-Fitzgerald 3944 (BM); San Francique, Raynal 15633 (K, P); Cedros, Broadway 4915 (TRIN 7468). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Streptochaeta spicata Schrad. ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. View in CoL 2: 537 (1829) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest shade. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caparo Forests, Broadway 4929 (TRIN 7477, US). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Streptogyna americana C.E.Hubb. View in CoL , Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 36: t.3572 (1956) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caparo Forests, Broadway 4932 (TRIN 7479); Tabaquite, Hitchcock 10122 (BM); Guapo Woods, Finlay s.n. (TRIN 3367). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Streptostachys asperifolia Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris View in CoL , sér 2, 2: 190 (1810) Habit: Herb. Habitat:

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Forest or savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chaguaramas, Broadway 6741 (BM, K, US). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.

Thrasya robusta Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 297 (1917) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 34721); Mt. Tabor Savanna, Myers 1362 (K, TRIN 14396), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3657 (TRIN 24010); Mt. St. Benedict Savanna, Chenery 282 (K); Piarco Savanna, Hitchcock 10352 ( US). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana.

Thrasya trinitensis Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 125 (1918) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Flat, open, sandy savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Piarco Savanna, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 5294), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7530), Soderstrom 997 (K, TRIN 19172); O’Meara Savanna, Broadway & Britton s.n. (TRIN 9328); Aripo Savanna, Hitchcock 557 (BM, K, MO), Richardson 572 (K, TRIN 17741), Adams 11314 (TRIN 21841), Schwab 290 (TRIN 32130), Soderstrom 981 (TRIN 19747), Raynal 15750 (K, P, TRIN 21390), Davidse 2558 (MO). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia.

Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda, Journ. Fac. Sc. View in CoL Tokyo, Sect. III. Bot. 3: 312 (1930) Syn: Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze Exotic. View in CoL

Trachypogon spicatus View in CoL (L.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794 (1891) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Well drained rocky savannas or wet sandy savannas, very common perennial over rocky hillsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph Savanna, Hitchcock 10185 (BM, US), Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7494); Mt. St. Benedict, Broadway 5061 (BM, K), Wright B4 (TRIN 14028), Thomas 2472 (MICH, TRIN 24109); Valencia, Eggers 1379 (K, US); Piarco Savanna, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 7535), Britton & Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9618), Vesey-Fitzgerald 3609 (TRIN 24011); Mausica Savanna, Myers 1387 (TRIN 14456); O’Meara Savanna, Davidse 2593 (MO); Erin Savanna, Cowan & Forster 1285 (K, TRIN 19180, US), Soderstrom 1123 (K, TRIN 19752), Philcox 8162 (K, TRIN 23448. Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Tripsacum andersonii J.R.Gray, Phytologia View in CoL 33: 204 (1976) Exotic.

Tripsacum australe H.C.Cutler & E.S.Anderson, Ann. View in CoL Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 259 (1941) Syn: Tripsacum latifolium Hitchc. Habit View in CoL : Herb. Habitat: Savannas and roadsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Joseph, Crueger s.n. (K); Tunapuna, Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 14424); Salibea-Matura Trace, Baksh 749 (TRIN 28149). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles.

Tripsacum dactyloides View in CoL (L.) L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 1261 (1759) Common name: Gama Grass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady ravines and moist ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Mayaro, Davidse 2512 (MO). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay.

Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D.Webster, Austral. Paniceae 233 (1987) Syn: Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf Exotic.

Urochloa dictyoneura View in CoL (Fig. & De Not.) Veldkamp, Blumea 41: 418 (1996) Syn: Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. Exotic. View in CoL

Urochloa distachya View in CoL (L.) T.Q.Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966, 13 (1966) Syn: Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D.Webster Exotic. View in CoL

Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 601 (1920) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground, lawn weed, open ground especially near the coast. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Hitchcock 10212 (BM); Crown Point, Ryves & Clement 126 (TRIN 32836). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Davidse 2544 (MO);St. Augustine, Adams 14354 (MO, TRIN 21793); Balandra Beach, Kalloo B1065 (TRIN 22208); Moreau Road, Davidse 2614 (MO); Tacarigua, Jordan s.n. (BM, K, TRIN 32306); Penal, Johnson 672 (TRIN 32456). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles.

Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, Fl. Southeast. United States 67, 1326 (1903) Common Name: Bed Grass, Khus-

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Khus, Vetive. Exotic.

Zea mays L., Sp. Pl. 971 (1753) Common Name: Corn. Exotic.

Zoysia matrella View in CoL (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., ser C, 7: 230 (1912) Exotic.

Abbreviations

RBS	Royal Botanic Society
NE	University of New England
F	Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department
R	Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile
K	Royal Botanic Gardens
BM	Bristol Museum
MO	Missouri Botanical Garden

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Tracheophyta
Class	Liliopsida
Order	Poales
Family	Poaceae

POACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D. 2016

2016

Urochloa dictyoneura

Veldkamp 1996: 418

1996

Coelorachis aurita (Steud.)

A. Camus 1921: 197

1921

Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.)

A. Camus 1921: 118

1921

Dichanthium caricosum

A. Camus 1921: 549

1921

Zoysia matrella

Merr. 1912: 230

1912

Sacciolepis indica

Chase 1908: 8

1908

Digitaria insularis

Fedde 1904: 778

1904

Hackelochloa granularis

1891: 776

1891

Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Kurz, Natuurk. Tijdshcr. Ned.

Schult. & Schult. f. 1864: 226

1864

Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersberg.

1835: 184

1835

Pennisetum polystachion

Schult. 1824: 146

1824

Dactyloctenium aegyptium

1809: 1029

1809

Cynodon dactylon

1805: 85

1805

Sorghum halepense

1805: 101

1805

Eleusine coracana

1788: 8

1788

POACEAE (R.Br.) Barnhart, 1895

Treatment

Abbreviations

Copyright notice

Taxonomy

POACEAE

Urochloa dictyoneura

Coelorachis aurita (Steud.)

Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.)

Dichanthium caricosum

Zoysia matrella

Sacciolepis indica

Digitaria insularis

Hackelochloa granularis

Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Kurz, Natuurk. Tijdshcr. Ned.

Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersberg.

Pennisetum polystachion

Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Cynodon dactylon

Sorghum halepense

Eleusine coracana

Specimens

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