Apodanthes caseariae Poiteau, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 3: 422, t. 26. 1824.

Bellot, Sidonie & Renner, Susanne S., 2014, The systematics of the worldwide endoparasite family Apodanthaceae (Cucurbitales), with a key, a map, and color photos of most species, PhytoKeys 36, pp. 41-57 : 48

1. Apodanthes caseariae Poiteau, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 3: 422, t. 26. 1824.

Apodanthes flacourtiae Karsten, Linnaea 28: 413. 1857. Type: Venezuela, Aragua, Choroni, parasitic on “Flacourtieae” [most like a species that today would be placed in Salicaceae ], H. Karsten s.n. (W, destroyed in WWII), syn. nov.

Apodanthes tribracteata Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 15. 1920. Type: Bolivia, near Inglis-Inglis, 8 Aug. 1902, R. S. Williams 1580 (NY), syn. nov.

Apodanthes matogrossensis Vattimo, Vattimo-Gil, Rodriguésia 26(38): 45. 1971, without Latin descr. Type: Brazil, Mato Grosso, parasitic on Casearia, J. G. Kuhlmann 53076 (R, not seen). Nom. inval.

Apodanthes panamensis Vattimo-Gil, Rodriguésia 26(38): 45. 1971, without Latin descr., Latin diagnosis in Rev. Brasil. Biol., 33(1): 140. 1973. Type: Panama, Canal Zone, Aug. 1984, R. E. Woodson Jr. and R. W. Schery 965 (NY, MO). Already synonymized by A. Gentry (1973).

Apodanthes surinamensis Pulle, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 6: 259. 1909. Type: Suriname, along the Marowijne River, July-Dec. 1903, parasitic on Flacourtiaceae [most like a species that today would be placed in Salicaceae ], G. M. Versteeg s.n. (U0007645), syn. nov.

Apodanthes roraimae Ida de Vattimo, Rodriguésia 29(44): 48-49. 1978. Type: Brazil, Roraima, 24 Jul. 1974, parasitic on Flacourtiaceae [most likely a species that today would be placed in Salicaceae ], G. T. Prance et al. 21353 (NY), syn. nov. Comment: George Yatskievych, a curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden, also studied the NY isotype in 2004 and annotated it as Apodanthes caseariae .

Apodanthes minarum Vattimo-Gil, Rodriguésia 26 (38): 45. 1971, without Latin descr.; Latin diagnosis in Rev. Brasil. Biol., 33(1): 140. 1973. Type: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, 31 Mar. 1930, Y. Mexia 4540 (L, MO), syn. nov.

Type.

French Guiana, Karouany, c. 1802, parasitic on Casearia spec., P. A. Poiteau s.n. (P: P00686413).

Note.

Tepals white to yellow, female flowers>5 mm long, tepals in 3 whorls, the outer with 2 tepals, the inner one easily deciduous ( Figs 4A-D ; 6C, D). Growing in trunk and branches of Casearia and occasionally Xylosma ( Salicaceae , Fig. 3 ) in Guatemala, Honduras, Costa-Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia ( Fig. 2 ).

Figures

Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Apodanthaceae based on label information from 785 herbarium collections.

Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships among the hosts of Apodanthaceae (legume relationships from Wojciechowski et al. 2006) and among the species of Apodanthaceae (from Bellot and Renner in review). Identical colors link parasite species and their host (s) and are also used in Figure 2. Dashed lines represent associations with rarely reported hosts; hosts in bold are the most common ones.

Figure 4. Tepals of Apodanthaceae. A Tepal of the outer whorl of Apodanthes caseariae B Tepal of the middle whorl of Apodanthes caseariae C Tepal of the inner whorl of Apodanthes caseariae D Tepal margin of Apodanthes caseariae. The scale bar corresponds to 0.2 mm.