Trachypithecus auratus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)

Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson, 2013, Cercopithecidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 550-755 : 742-743

143.

East Javan Langur

Trachypithecus auratus

French: Langur noir / German: Schwarzer Haubenlangur / Spanish: Langur de Java oriental

Other common names: Eastern Ebony Langur, Ebony Leaf Monkey, Javan Langur, Javan Lutung

Taxonomy. Cercopithecus auratus E. Geofroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 ,

Indonesia, Semarang. Rrestricted by D. Brandon-Jones in 1995 to Batu District.

Until recently, 7. mauritius was considered to be a subspecies of 1. auratus , but genetic data support a separation at the species level. T. auratus is closely related to T. cnistatus, 1. germaini , 1. margarita , 1. mauritius , and T. selangorensis , and together they form the cristatus speciesgroup. Monotypic.

Distribution. E Java (NW to the vicinity ofJakarta, and E of ¢.109° E in the S coast), Bali, and Lombok Is, and Pulau Sempu and Nusa Barung Is, off the S coast ofJava.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 44-65 cm (males), tail 61-87 cm (males); weight c.7-1 kg (males); no measurements are available for females. The EastJavan Langur is a large and extraordinarily beautiful monkey. Its circumfacial hair is erect and forwardcurled,facial skin is bluish or blackish, and ears have whitish or yellowish tufts. Females differ from males in having a pale, usually yellowish-white pubic patch. Jaws and teeth are notably large. There are two main color morphs; the more common is glossy-black, with a slight brownish tinge (particularly on belly, sideburns, and legs). Its hairs are light-tipped on arms, legs, head, flanks, and sometimes back. Palms,soles, and facial skin are slaty-black. The much rarer “red” morph is restricted to an area between Blitar, [jen, and Pugeran. It is deep orange, becoming more yellowish on limbs, ears, and belly. There is often a black fringe on its dorsum, and its palms, soles, and facial skin are depigmented or freckled.

Habitat. Remnant primary and secondary, dry deciduous, mangrove, beach, freshwater swamp, and hill forests at elevations up to 3500 m. The East Javan Langur is sometimes found in teak, rasamala, and Acacia plantations. It is sympatric with the “Javan Fuscous Langur” ( Presbytis comata fredericae).

Food and Feeding. The EastJavan Langur is mostly folivorous, feeding on young leaves (46%), ripe fruits (27%), unripe fruits (8%), flowers (7%), mature leaves (1%), and animal prey (1%, insects and larvae). In areas where native vegetation has been replaced by teak plantations, it has learned to feed on teak leaves.

Breeding. EastJavan Langurs mate throughoutthe year. A single young is born. Infants are entirely orange, with pale skin on their faces and extremities. Allomothering is common.

Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Home range sizes of East Javan Langurs differ among locations and vary from 2-5-8 ha to 20-30 ha, with little overlap. Group sizes are 5-23 individuals, with an average of 7-9 individuals. EastJavan Langurs live mainly in unimale-multifemale groups, but two males have been observed in mixed groups. Males sometimes form all-male groups.

Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List (as 1. auratus auratus ). The EastJavan Langur has been protected by Indonesian law since 1999. Although still widely distributed, populations are reduced and fragmented. General habitat loss and degradation due to agriculture and human settlements are major threats, as are hunting for food and the pet trade. It occurs in at least seven protected areas in Indonesia: Alas Purwo, Bali Barat, Baluran, BromoTengger Semeru, Gunung Merapi, and Meru Betiri national parks and Pangandaran Nature Reserve.

Bibliography. Bennett & Davies (1994), Brandon-Jones (1995b), Groves (2001), Gurmaya et al. (1994), Kool (1992, 1993), Maryanto et al. (1997), Nadler et al. (2005), Nijman (2000), Nijman & Supriatna (2008), Roos et al. (2008), Watanabe et al. (1996).

Figures

140. Golden Langur (Trachypithecus gee), 141. Capped Langur (Trachypithecus pileatus), 142. Shortridge’s Langur (Trachypithecus shortridgei), 143. East Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), 144. West Javan Langur (Trachypithecus mauritius), 145. Silvered Langur (Trachypithecus cristatus), 146. Selangor Silvery Langur (Trachypithecus selangorensis), 147. Germain’s Langur (Trachypithecus germaini), 148. Annamese Langur (Trachypithecus margarita)

Distribution. E Java (NW to the vicinity ofJakarta, and E of ¢.109° E in the S coast), Bali, and Lombok Is, and Pulau Sempu and Nusa Barung Is, off the S coast ofJava.