Glossamiini new name Fraser, 2014

Mabuchi, Kohji, Fraser, Thomas H., Song, Hayeun, Azuma, Yoichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi, 2014, Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters, Zootaxa 3846 (2), pp. 151-203 : 180-181

Tribe Glossamiini new name Fraser & Mabuchi

Type genus Glossamia Gill 1863

Diagnosis. Members of the Apogoninae : dorsal fin VI+I,8–10; anal fin II,8–10; pored lateral-line scales 24–50; preopercle ridge smooth edges smooth to serrate; three supraneurals; large supramaxilla present; basisphenoid present, reduced or absent; anterior pair of uroneurals; three epurals; five free hypurals; parhypural separate; two autogenous haemal spines; one supernumerary dorsal spine; caudal fin emarginate, truncate or rounded.

Other characteristics. first dorsal ray unbranched and first anal ray branched and segmented; 9+8 segmented principal caudal rays, 15 branched, upper and lower unbranched; unbranched procurrent rays, longest segmented; head and body with ctenoid scales or cycloid on nape, cheek, opercle, anterior pored lateral-line scales, ctenoid on breast, grading from cycloid to ctenoid posteriorly; pored lateral-line scales simple with one pore on upper side and one on lower side; pectoral fin-rays 13–16; developed gill rakers 7–15; 10+14 vertebrae; 8 ribs; 9 epineurals; teeth in multiple rows on premaxilla, dentary, vomer, palatine, all villiform, present or absent on ectopterygoid; six infraorbitals, bony shelf on third infraorbital; stomach and intestine pale with pale peritoneum; low crest on PU2.

Distribution. Species of Glossamia are found in tidal and flowing freshwaters of Australia and the island of New Guinea. One species is known from Australia (perhaps a species complex) and the rest on the island of New Guinea. The only described species of Yarica is found in tidal streams, flowing freshwater and lowland lakes from Myanmar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands to New Caledonia and out to Saipan.

Remarks. In the present molecular analyses, Glossamia did not form a robust monophyletic group with any other apogonines (see Figs. 2–6 and Table 5 ). For this genus, we gave tribe status. We included Yarica ( Fig. 7A ) in this tribe based solely on morphological data. The present molecular analyses reproduced a relatively robust sister relationship between Yarica and Rhabdamia (clade IX). Species of Rhabdamia have a smaller mouth and slender translucent body with a forked caudal fin ( Fig. 7B ) consistent with their marine reef pelagic habitat preferences and differ in their osteological characteristics as follows: 1 or 2 supraneurals; fused hypurals plate consisting of hypurals 1+2+3+4 to the terminal centrum; 1–2 rows of villiform teeth on premaxilla or some canine, 1 row of villiform teeth on dentary, vomer and palatine; 7 epineurals on ribs 1–7; shelf on third infraorbital reduced or absent; uroneurals reduced or absent; supramaxilla absent. The cephalic pores are much more complex for Rhabdamia and free neuromasts much less numerous than for Yarica ( Bergman 2004, Figs. 11, 29–30). Support for combining Glossamia and Yarica are similar body shapes, freshwater habitat preferences, a large supramaxilla of similar shape, a single supernumerary dorsal spine and 9 epineurals. In spite of non-monophyly in the obtained trees, AU test did not reject the monophyly of Glossamia and Yarica (H06, see Table 6 ). The wide spread distribution of Yarica indicates that this species has euryhaline characteristics imbedded in its life history.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree from the partitioned maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Species names of recent Ostorhinchus [we included here Apogonichthyoides melas as a possible Ostorhinchus, following Mabuchi et al. (2006)] were blue, those of Apogon sensu lato [genus Apogon in Fraser (1972)] excepting the Ostorhinchus red, and those of genus Rhabdamia in Fraser (1972) green. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated on the left of the corresponding clades. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML, Bayesian (BA: Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree (50% majority-rule consensus tree) from the partitioned Bayesian (BA) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPs: shown as percentages, only those of> 50% shown). Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve major clades were indicated as in Figure 2. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks.

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of two of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-A). Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Topological incongruity between the two MP trees denoted by an arrowhead. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve clades were indicated as in Figure 2.

FIGURE 5. Strict consensus tree of the remaining three of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-B). Topological incongruities between the three MP trees denoted by arrowheads. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. This tree was largely different from the MP tree-A (Fig. 4) in the positions of Pterapogon kauderni and Vincentia novaehollandiae.

FIGURE 6. Strict consensus tree of the ML, BA and MP trees shown in Figures 2-5. Species names were colored as in Figures 2–5. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated besides the corresponding clades, while the names of the thirteen tribes (defined based on morphological characters) on the right of corresponding major and minor clades. The tribe Lepidamiini is not in the tree. Tribes with solid bars include species of Apogon sensu lato, and those with open bars do not include it. Geographic ranges were indicated on the right of the clades only for the species of clade II (Apogonini), all the other apogonids occurring on Indo-Pacific Basin. For the revised genus names of some species, see Appendix A.

FIGURE 7. A. Yarica hyalosoma, ROM 65737, 58.0 mm SL, New Caledonia, by R. Winterbottom. B. Rhabdamia gracilis, ROM 65791, 47.5 mm SL, New Caledonia, by R. Winterbottom.