Reticunassa paupera ( Gould, 1850 )

Galindo, Lee Ann, Kool, Hugo H. & Dekker, Henk, 2017, Review of the Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) complex (Nassariidae): Part 3, reinstatement of the genus Reticunassa, with the description of six new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 275, pp. 1-43 : 13-19

Reticunassa paupera ( Gould, 1850)

Figs 2A, C , F–L, 3A–C, 4; Tables 1–2

Nassa paupera Gould, 1850: 155 .

Nassa paupera – Gould 1852: 12, 262, pl. 19, fig. 330a–b; 1862: 70. — Johnson 1964: 124. Reticunassa paupera – Iredale 1936: 322.

Nassarius (Hima) pauperus [in part] – Cernohorsky 1972: 186, figs 151–154; 1974: 54, fig. 7; 1984: 176, pl. 37, fig. 1.

Nassarius pauperus – Richard et al. 1984: 12, fig. 24.

Type material

Lectotype (ICZN Art. 74.5; Johnson 1964: 124)

PACIFIC OCEAN: length 9.1 mm, width 4.8 mm ( USNM 5726, Fig. 2 I–J, http://n 2t.net/ ark:/65665/3f1f5ebf5-d0d6-4c9a-bddd-3677d3efb7e2).

Paralectotype (ICZN Art. 74.5; Johnson 1964: 124)

PACIFIC OCEAN: 1 spm, type locality, length 7.2 mm, width 3.5 mm ( MCZ 216602, ex USNM, Fig. 2 K–L).

Neotype

Both the lectotype and the paralectotype have been affected by Byne’s disease ( Kool & Dekker 2006). However, remnants of microscopic spiral sculpture on the intercordal surface of both specimens are vaguely visible. Gould (1850) did not mention this feature in his original description. The protoconch of the lectotype is badly damaged and that of the paralectotype is completely absent. The protoconch, figured by Cernohorsky (1984: 5, fig. 12) cannot be the protoconch of either of the types, but most likely belongs to Reticunassa tringa , which he considered a synonym of Nassarius pauperus . The poor condition of both existing types calls for the designation of a neotype for this species. Among the specimens in the MNHN collection, there is one sequenced individual that is very similar to the original types of the species. A proposal to designate a neotype is in the process of being submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). If accepted, the neotype will be MNHN IM-2007-31782, length 6.9 mm, width 3.6 mm ( Fig. 3 A–C; http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/im/2007-31782).

Type locality

Pacific Ocean. If the designation of a neotype is accepted by the ICZN, the locality of MNHN IM-2007- 31782 becomes the new type locality: SANTO 2006 Expedition, stn DB12, Vanuatu, South of Aore Island, 15°13.6′ S, 167°10.1′ E, 10– 18 m.

Other material examined

INDONESIA: Bali, Benoa Port, in sand dumps, leg. T. de Boer ( HK 995.06, 1 spm); Bali, Nusa Dua, Benoa Beach, leg. J. Post ( HK 995.09, 1 spm); Flores Sea, Pulau Sabalana, Lamuruang, 10–20 m ( HD 17295, 1 spm); Arafura Sea, near Pulau Kuringarankeke, W of Makassar, southern Sulawesi, 5°5′34″ S, 119°17′09″ E, leg. H. Morrison ( GH, 1 spm); West-Papua, Manokwari, leg. D. Smits ( HK 995.03, 5 spm; HD 38513, 6 spm); SNELLIUS 1929, Kera, near Timor ( RMNH, 1 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Dapur, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096216, 1spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Ubi, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096218, 4 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Kelor, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096219, 5 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Untung Djava, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096220, 3 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Dapur, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096221, 9spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Damar, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938( ZMA. Moll.096222, 2 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Sakit, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938( ZMA.Moll.096223, 3 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Njamoek, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096224, 10 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Noesi, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096225, 15 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Ubi, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096226, 9 spm); Java, Bay of Jakarta, Pulau Ramboet, leg. J.D.F. Hardenberg, 1938 ( ZMA.Moll.096227, 1 spm); KEPULAUAN SERIBU 2005, Java, Hantu Besar, 5°31.8′ S, 106°32.3′ E, 5–26 m ( ZMA.Moll.175389, 1 spm); KEPULAUAN SERIBU 2005, stn SER05/33, Java, Pari East, 5°51.3′ S, 106°38.3′ E, 5–25 m ( ZMA, 1 spm); KEPULAUAN SERIBU 2005, stn SER05/43, Java, Payung Besar, 5°40.3′ S, 106°33.8′ E, 5–25 m ( ZMA.Moll.154531, 2 spm).

PHILIPPINES: all PANGLAO 2004: stn M10, Panglao I., Bingag/Tabalong, 9°37.8′ N, 123°48.4′ E, 0–3 m (1 spm); stn M26, Bohol I., Taloto, 9°40.9′ N, 123°51.1′ E, 0–2 m (1 spm); stn S25, Bohol I., Ubajan, 9°41.5′ N, 123°51.0′ E, 21 m (1 spm); stn B14, Panglao I., Sungcolan Bay, 9°38.5′ N, 123°49.2′ E, 2–4 m (3 spm).

AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Fitzroy I. ( HK 995.08, 2 spm; HD 17298, 1 spm; PS, 1 spm); Queensland, Innisfail, leg. Pini ( ZMA.Moll.096207, 1 spm).

GUAM: Neye I. Channel, leg. S.P. Kool ( HK 995.04, 2 spm); Apra Harbor, by diving to 10 m, leg. H. Morrison ( HK 995.05, 1 spm); Glass Breakwall, snorkeling, 1–2 m ( HD 12297, 2 spm); Glass Breakwall, 6 m, in rubble ( GH, 1 spm).

CAROLINE ISLANDS: Truk I., Moen I. ( HK 995.10, 2 spm).

NEW CALEDONIA: CHALCAL 1: stn D17, Plateau Chesterfield-Bellona, 19°11′ S, 158°55.8′ E, 44 m (1 spm); stn D57, Plateau Chesterfield-Bellona, 21°29.5′ S, 159°16.4′ E, 62 m (1 spm). – LAGON: Ile Quen, Baie Prony, stn 64, 22°28′ S, 166°25′ E, 15 m (2 spm; NBC, 1 spm; HK 995.01, 1 spm); Ile Quen, Baie Prony, stn 78, 22°28′ S, 166°31′ E, 35 m (1 spm); Ile Quen, Baie Prony, stn 240, 22°23′ S, 166°32′ E, 42 m (1 spm); Nouméa, stn 290, 22°16′ S, 166°32′ E, 11 m (1 spm); Yaté, stn 620, 22°02′ S, 166°56′ E, 50–52 m (1 spm); Yaté, stn 625, 21°59′ S, 166°54′ E, 34–40 m (1 spm); Poindimié, stn 789, 21°03′ S, 164°34′ E, 29 m (1 spm); Poum, stn 1039, Balabio Section, 20°01′ S, 164°02′ E, 20–21 m (1 spm; HK 995.02, 1 spm); Belep, stn 1105, 19°40′ S, 163°57′ E, 25 m (1 spm); Belep, stn 1129, 19°29′ S, 163°49′ E, 40 m (1 spm); Belep, stn 1168, 19°16′ S, 163°09′ E, 50 m (2 spm); Nouméa, Pointe Magnin, stn 1355, 22°18.9′ S, 166°26.6′ E, 7–10 m (3 spm). – MONTROUZIER 1993: Touho, Lagon du grand Récif Mengalia, stn 1253, 20°46.6′ S, 165°14.1′ E, 2–3 m (1 spm); Touho, Lagon du grand Récif Mengalia, stn 1266, 20°39.6′ S, 165°14.7′ E, 10–15 m (1 spm); Touho, Lagon du grand Récif Mengalia, stn 1269, 20°35.1′ S, 165°08.1′ E, 15–20 m (2 spm); Koumac, stn 1298, 20°35.2′ S, 164°16.6′ E, 2–4 m (1 spm); Koumac, stn 1299, 20°34′ S, 164°13.0′ E, 12–14 m (11 spm; NBC, 1 spm; HD 24147, 1 spm); Koumac, stn 1308, 24°40′ S, 164°15.2′ E, 15–20 m (3 spm; ZMA, 1 spm); Koumac, stn 1312, 20°40′ S, 164°14.9′ E, 26–40 m (6 spm; HK 995.11, 1 spm); Koumac, stn 1314, 20°39.8′ S, 164°15.3′ E, 30–63 m (7 spm); Koumac, stn 1315, 20°40.7′ S, 164°14.7′ E, 66–87 m (3 spm); Koumac, stn 1318, 20°41.4′ S, 164°14.8′ E, 20–30 m (2 spm); Koumac, stn 1319, 20°44.7′ S, 164°15.5′ E, 15–20 m (2 spm); Koumac, stn 1322, 20°45.2′ S, 164°15.2′ E, 53–71 m (1 spm); Koumac, stn 1323, 20°40.9′ S, 164°14.8′ E, 82–120 m (1 spm). – CORAIL 2: stn DW 32, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°25′ S, 158°49′ E, 55 m (1 spm); stn DW 34, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°18′ S, 158°47′ E, 47 m (2 spm); stn DW 38, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°22′ S, 158°43′ E, 61 m (1 spm); stn DW 56, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°18′ S, 158°47′ E, 66 m (1 spm); stn DW 59, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°19′ S, 158°57′ E, 50 m (1 spm); stn DW 65, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°15′ S, 158°41′ E, 62 m (1 spm); stn DW 71, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°15′ S, 158°24′ E, 55 m ( HD 22467, 1 spm); stn DW 72, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°15′ S, 158°21′ E, 32 m (1 spm); stn DW 156, Plateau de Chesterfield, 19°49′ S, 158°21′ E, 42 m (1 spm). – PALEO-SURPRISE, stn DW 1382, 18°26.5′ S, 163°05.9′ E, 41–42 m (1 spm).

LOYALTY ISLANDS: both LIFOU 2000: Lifou, Santal Bay, stn 1423, 20°54.0′ S, 167°07.1′ E, 12 m (2 spm); Lifou, Santal Bay, stn 1444, 20°55.0′ S, 167°05.2′ E, 9–20 m (1 spm).

VANUATU: all SANTO 2006: stn FB56, NE of Tangisi I., 15°35.2′ S, 167°02.1′ E, 3–18 m (3 spm); stn DB08, E of Aore I., 15°34.6′ S, 167°13.8′ E, 12 m (1 spm); stn DB33, E of Aore I., 15°34.7′ S, 167°13.8′ E, 14–25 m (1 spm); stn ZB36, E of Aore I., 15°34.3′ S, 167°12.4′ E, intertidal (1 spm); stn ZS22, W of Aore I., 15°31.1′ S, 167°09.6′ E, 27–29 m (15 spm); stn ZB16, Aore I., 15°32.4′ S, 167°12.1′ E, 5m (2 spm); stn DB12, S of Aore I., 15°36.6′ S, 167°10.1′ E, on sand (9 spm); stn LD35, Aore I., 15°32.7/32.8′ S, 167°11.5/11.6′ E, 3–8 m (1 spm); stn DB48, W of Malo I., 16°38.7′ S, 167°5.2′ E, 10–17 m (1 spm); stn DB83, E of Malo I., 15°43.4′ S, 167°15.0′ E, on sand (2 spm); stn DS49, Malo I., 15°38.7′ S, 167°05.2′ E, 10–17 m (4 spm); stn ZM15, NW of Malo I., 15°38.1′ S, 167°05.9′ E, intertidal (1 spm); stn DB75, SE of Matewulu, 15°22.9′ S, 167°11.9′ E, 20 m (4 spm); Segond Channel, stn DB14, 15°39.9′ S, 167°11.0′ E, 10–14 m (3 spm); Segond Channel, stn DS04, 15°31.4′ S, 167°14.1′ E, 25 m (33 spm; HD 38512, 2 spm; HK 995.12, 3 spm); Segond Channel, stn DS06, 15°30.9′ S, 167°11.1′ E, 8–15 m (1 spm); Segond Channel, stn DS91, 15°33.7′ S, 167°08.4′ E, 7 m (20 spm); Segond Channel, stn FS54, 15°31.4′ S, 167°14.1′ E, 20–31 m (25 spm; HD 35303, 2 spm); Segond Channel, stn FS77, 15°33.1′ S, 167°09.6′ E, 29 m (17 spm; HK 995.14, 2 spm); Segond Channel, stn FS79, 15°33.1′ S, 167°09.6′ E, 2 m (3 spm); Segond Channel, stn FS96, 15°33.1′ S, 167°09.6′ E, 35 m (6 spm); Segond Channel, stn FB80, 15°33.1′ S, 167°09.6′ E, 2 m (1 spm); Segond Channel, stn LS17, 15°31.1′ S, 167°10.5′ E, 7 m (2 spm); Segond Channel, stn ZS19, 15°31.4′ S, 167°14.1′ E, 15–30 m (20 spm); Segond Channel, stn NB12, 15°33.1′ S, 167°09.6′ E, 20 m (1 spm); Segond Channel, stn NS37, 15°31.4′ S, 167°09.8′ E, 2–3 m (4 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DB53, 15°28.8′ S, 167°15.2′ E, 5 m (2 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DB65, 15°25.8′ S, 167°13.0′ E, 13 m (2 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DB77, 15°27.9′ S, 167°14.7′ E, 42–45 m (2 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DS43, 15°27.9′ S, 167°14.3′ E, 22 m (5 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DS54, 15°28.8′ S, 167°15.2′ E, 5 m (6 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DS59, Aésé I., 15°24.6′ S, 167°14.3′ E, 6–43 m (1 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DB16, Tutuba I., 15°35.5′ S, 167°15.8′ E, 32–40 m (4 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DS103, West Tutuba I., 15°34.0′ S, 167°16.0′ E, 70–80 m (4 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn LD36, West Taluba I., 15°39.5′ S, 167°16.8′ E, 8–10 m (1 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DS105, NW of Tutuba I., 15°33.0′ S, 167°16.7′ E, 92 m (3 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn DS110, Bruat Channel, 15°36.8′ S, 167°08.8′ E, 35 m (1 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn LD12, Bruat Channel, 15°36.6′ S, 167°11.3′ E, 2–4 m (1 spm); Palikulo Bay, stn ZB06, SW Urélapa I., 15°36.8′ S, 167°01.3′ E (1 spm); SE corner of SANTO 2006, shallow water (10 spm; NBC, 1 spm; HD 38511, 1 spm; HK 995.13, 2 spm).

FIJI: MUSORSTOM 10, stn DW 1384, 18°18.5′ S, 178°06′ E, 260–305 m (1 spm).

TONGA: BORDAU 2, stn DW 1581, 18°41′ S, 174°02′ E, 75–85 m (1 spm).

Description

PROTOCONCH. Approximately 2.25 shiny whorls ( Fig. 2A ). SEM photography shows fine axial striae and minute pustules on last whorl.

SHELL. Teleoconch consists of approximately 5 convex whorls. Suture deep. Penultimate whorl with 12–14 and body whorl with 14–16 pronounced and rounded axial ribs. Outer lip with a strong varix.

SPIRAL CORDS. Penultimate whorl with 5–6 and body whorl with 10–11 continuous, narrow, string-like spiral cords, some more pronounced on axial ribs than in between them.

INTERCORDAL SCULPTURE. Between spiral cords, spiral striae faintly visible on well-preserved specimens ( Fig. 2F ).

APERTURE. Aperture oval-rounded, outer lip with 5–7 fairly prominent, lirate denticles, peripheral denticle most prominent. Columella ( Fig. 2 G–H) with 6–9 fine denticles, columellar callus sharply bordered and limited to columella. Parietal denticle strong, anal canal wide.

OPERCULUM. Whitish, serrated.

SIPHONAL CANAL. Fasciole strong, siphonal area with 5–7 weak cords, last one most prominent.

COLOR. Creamy-white to yellowish brown, occasionally with 1–3 darker spiral bands.

ADULT SIZE. 6.8–10.3 mm, usually 7.5–8.5 mm.

Remarks

Several species, previously synonymized with R. paupera by Cernohorsky (1984), have been taken out of synonymy in the past few years. A series of published reviews ( Kool & Dekker 2006, 2007), including the present article, demonstrate that the Nassarius pauperus complex is composed of several valid species. Therefore, the synonymy given for Reticunassa paupera s. str. has become very short and caution is advised with citations of this species name in the literature.

The combination of the multispiral protoconch, the many pronounced, round ribs, the deep suture, the broad varix, the very fine spirals, the sharply-bordered columella and the columellar denticles not lirae characterize this species, one of the smaller within the genus.

The differences between R. paupera and the other species of Reticunassa , described below, will be discussed in the remarks section in each case.

In the taxonomic history of Nassa paupera , several declensions on the specific epithet have been used. In Latin, there are two different adjectives with the same meaning: the classical pauper (3 rd declension, nominative unchanged) and the post-classical (medieval, generally clerical) pauperus (1 st declension, paupera feminine, pauperum neuter), both meaning “poor.” The second adjective is obviously a derivation of the first. The fact that Gould (1850) used paupera in his original description indicates that he was referring to the second meaning. Combined with Reticunassa , the new combination is R. paupera ( Gould, 1850) .

Habitat

Specimens were collected from the intertidal to a depth of 82 m, mostly from 0 to 25 m; one empty shell was obtained at 260 m ( Fiji Islands). The proposed neotype was collected on sand with dead corals. Specimens from Guam (HD 12797) were found in rubble.

Distribution

Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean, from Indonesia and the Philippines to the Tonga Islands ( Fig. 4 ).

Figures

Fig. 2. Characters of Reticunassa Iredale, 1936. A–B. Protoconchs. A. R. paupera (Gould, 1850), MNHN IM-2007-31782. B. R. silvardi (Kool & Dekker, 2006). C. Suture detail of R. paupera. D. Axial striae in R. silvardi. E–F. Intercordal spirals. E. R. tringa (Souverbie, 1864). F. R. paupera. G–H. Columellar details of R. paupera. I–L. Type series of R. paupera. I–J. Lectotype, USNM 5726, length 9.1 mm, width 4.8 mm. K–L. Paralectotype, MCZ 216602, length 7.2 mm, width 3.5 mm. All scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 3. Shells of Reticunassa Iredale, 1936. – A–C. Possible neotype of R. paupera (Gould, 1850), MNHN IM-2007-31782, length 6.9 mm, width 3.6 mm, Vanuatu, Aore I., 15°36.6′ S, 167°10.1′ E, 10–18 m. – D–I. R. tringa (Souverbie, 1864). D–E. Hologenophore, MNHN IM-2007-31753, length 9.5 mm, width 4.6 mm. F–H. Lectotype, MHNBx 2004.TY.89.1, length 9.0 mm, width 5.0 mm. I. Protoconch of the hologenophore. – J–M. R. visayaensis sp. nov. J–L. Holotype, MNHN IM- 2007-31912, length 9.5 mm, width 4.6 mm, Philippines, Panglao I., 9°35.7′ N, 123°44.7′ E, 0–3 m. M. Protoconch. – N–Q. R. poppeorum sp. nov. N–P. Holotype, MNHN IM-2007-31779, length 9.0 mm, width 4.5 mm, Vanuatu, Aore I., 15°34.4′ S, 167°12.6′ E, 2–3 m. Q. Protoconch. Scale bars: I, M, Q = 200 µm.

Fig. 4. Geographical and bathymetrical distribution of Reticunassa paupera (Gould, 1850). Star indicates type locality. Each bar represents all lv or dd specimens.