Anastrepha gangadini Norrbom, 2021

Norrbom, Allen L., Muller, Alies, Gangadin, Anielkoemar, Sutton, Bruce D., Rodriguez, Erick J., Savaris, Marcoandre, Lampert, Silvana, Rodriguez, Pedro A., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Nolazco, Norma, Troya, Henry, Keil, Clifford B., Padilla, Anabel, Wiegmann, Brian M., Cassel, Brian, Branham, Marc & Ruiz-Arce, Raul, 2021, New species and host plants of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) primarily from Suriname and Pará, Brazil, Zootaxa 5044 (1), pp. 1-74 : 20-22

Anastrepha gangadini Norrbom , new species

Figs. 8 , 43–46 , 84 , 104–105 , 128–129

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D543F24C-2FA0-400B-8B89-42CEF137E7D7

Diagnosis. Anastrepha gangadini can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha by the following combination of characters: Scutum entirely microtrichose; subscutellum, mediotergite, and abdomen without brown markings; V-band separate from S-band, distal arm not extended to vein R 4+5, although sometimes narrowly connected to proximal arm medially in cell r 4+5; oviscape 2.80–3.19 mm long, 0.90–1.00 times as long as mesonotum; aculeus 2.60–2.78 mm long, tip 0.33–0.36 mm long, with distal 0.50–0.61 finely serrate. It resembles A. irretita Stone , but differs in having more hooklike dorsobasal denticles on the eversible membrane, a longer aculeus tip (0.23–0.25 mm long in A. irretita ), and incomplete V-band; A. fischeri Lima, but differs in having a longer, broader, and less serrate aculeus tip (approximately 0.15 mm long with distal 0.8 serrate in A. fischeri ), and incomplete V-band; A. macra Stone , but differs in having more hooklike dorsobasal denticles on the eversible membrane, a shorter aculeus, and lacking lateral brown markings on the mediotergite (variable in A. macra ); A. cicra Norrbom , but differs in lacking lateral brown markings on the mediotergite, having the distal arm of the V-band partially present, and shorter terminalia; and A. surinamensis Norrbom , but differs in having a longer aculeus tip (0.33–0.36 mm long vs. 0.18–0.22 in A. surinamensis ).

In the key of Zucchi et al. (2011) A. gangadini runs to A. leptozona Hendel , from which it differs in having vein M 1 not reaching the S-band apically, longer terminalia compared to the mesonotum length, and a narrower aculeus tip, to A. dissimilis Stone , from which it differs in having the distal arm of the V-band not reaching vein R 4+5, and a narrower aculeus tip, to A. duckei Lima, from which it differs in having the distal arm of the V-band not reaching vein R 4+5, shorter terminalia (aculeus approximately 3.9 mm long in A. duckei ), and more dorsobasal denticles on the eversible membrane, or to A. parishi Stone , from which it differs in having the V-band separate from the S-band, more dorsobasal denticles on the eversible membrane, and a longer aculeus tip (less than 0.30 mm long in A. parishi ).

Six sequences of A. gangadini ( MT672213 – MT672218 ), all from adult specimens from Brownsberg, Suriname, were included in the COI barcode analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.). There were two unique sequences. The six sequences of A. gangadini formed a separate cluster (i.e., with a COI barcode gap), with a range in intraspecific K2P distance of 0.0–0.2%. The smallest interspecific K2P distance was 3.3% with two undescribed species, one from Panama ( MF695419 ) and one from Peru (sp. Peru-61, MT763877 ). Three subsequently obtained COI sequences ( MZ702880 – MZ702882 ) from adult specimens from Brownsberg also cluster with the above sequences in a neighbor-joining tree.

Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae red brown to dark red brown.

Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–5 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta weak. Ocellar seta weak, 1–2 times as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, straight or concave on dorsal twothirds. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose.

Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, most of scutum orange; with following areas white to pale yellow: postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; medial scutal vitta, ovoid posteriorly, extending laterally to no more than midway between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; scutellum; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Scuto-scutellar suture with or without irregular, usually pale brown spot medially. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 3.03–3.20 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, scutum and scutellum entirely microtrichose; scutal setulae orange; non-setulose on narrow, elongate postsutural sublateral area. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta weak, orange, less than half length of anepisternal seta.

Legs: Entirely yellow to orange.

Wing ( Figs. 43–46 ): Length 6.80–7.22 mm, width 2.78–3.03 mm, ratio 2.36–2.45. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.53–0.56 wing length, proximal to level of anterior end of crossvein r-m. Cell c 1.06–1.17 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 3.63–4.13 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 not sinuous. Crossvein r-m 0.65–0.69 distance from bm-m to dm-m on vein M 1. Vein M 1 moderately strongly curved apically; cell r 4+5 at apex 0.91–1.04 times as wide as at level of dm-m, 0.83–0.88 times as wide as maximum subapical width. Cell cu a with distal lobe moderately to relatively long, length of cu a 1.54–1.71 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.65–0.95 times as long as vein CuA+CuP. Wing pattern mostly orange and moderate brown. C-band mostly orange, most of cell c sometimes slightly paler, pterostigma mostly moderate brown, distal margin in cells r 1 and r 2+3 narrowly brown, with distinct small ovoid brown spot on fork of vein Rs, and with irregular, often elongate brown spot on posterior margin of band in cell br. C-band and S-band narrowly separated or narrowly connected along vein R 4+5; hyaline marginal spot in cell r 1 subtriangular to subrectangular, with apex aligned proximal to crossvein r-m. Basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively small. Basal half of S-band mostly orange, anterobasal margin mostly narrowly brown except in cell dm, posterodistal margin mostly narrowly brown, broadly posteriorly in cell m 4, with or without weak incision in cell m 4; distal section mostly orange, margins in cell cell r 2+3 and part in cell r 4+5 moderate brown; medium width, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.53–0.61 times width of cell r 2+3, slightly broader along vein R 4+5, not extended to apex of vein M 1, without marginal hyaline areas; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extended to vein R 2+3. V-band with proximal arm slender, largely brown, broadly orange bordering anterior part or most of crossvein dm-m and mostly orange in cell r 4+5; separate from S-band, strongly narrowed anteriorly, sometimes narrowly separated from vein R 4+5; on posterior margin extended two-thirds to three-fourths distance to vein CuA+CuP; distal arm not extended to vein R 4+5, very slender, mostly brown, narrowly connected to or narrowly separated from proximal arm medially in cell r 4+5; hyaline area between arms of V-band and vein M 1 one-third to two-fifths width of cell cell r 4+5.

Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings.

Female terminalia: Oviscape 2.80–3.19 mm long, 0.90–1.00 times as long as mesonotum; entirely orange; spiracle at basal 0.30–0.35. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 84 ) with dorsobasal denticles in subtriangular pattern, with approximately 70 relatively short hooklike denticles in 6–7 V-shaped rows. Aculeus ( Figs. 104–105 ) straight to slightly ventrally curved in lateral view, 2.60–2.78 mm long, 0.85–0.93 times oviscape length; in ventral view base distinctly expanded, triangular, 0.20–0.24 mm wide, shaft 0.09–0.10 mm wide at midlength; tip ( Figs. 128–129 ) 0.33–0.36 mm long, 0.12–0.13 times aculeus length, 0.09–0.11 mm wide at base and preapically, 3.24–4.00 times as long as wide; in ventral view slightly and gradually tapered, distal 0.50–0.61 finely serrate; 0.06–0.07 mm wide in lateral view, 0.60–0.74 times ventral width. Spermathecae not examined.

Distribution. Anastrepha gangadini is known only from Suriname. We collected it only at Brownsberg.

Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown.

Type data. Holotype ♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875019 ), SURINAME: Brokopondo: Brownsberg Nature Park , [Witti Creek trail, 4.94611°N 55.18029°W, 412 m,] trap BNP-ML-20, [19 Sep –] 25 Oct 2017, A. Gangadin . Paratypes: SURINAME: Brokopondo: Brownsberg Nature Park , edge of old orchid garden, 4.94826°N 55.18102°W, 488 m, trap BNP-ML-12, 21 Jul–20 Aug 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Irene Val trail, 4.95606°N 55.1894°W, 349 m, trap BNP-ML-25, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM US- NMENT01526324 ) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Leo Val trail, 4.95234°N 55.18755°W, 472 m, trap BNP-ML-29, 13 May–8 Jul 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355820 ) ; Leo Val trail, near creek, 4.95143°N 55.18627°W, 477 m, trap BNP-ML-30, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Mazaroni top trail, in front of old cabin, 4.95034°N 55.17903°W, 454 m, trap BNP-ML-08, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526569 ) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01527087 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Mazaroni Val trail, 4.93785°N 55.20152°W, 470 m, trap BNP-ML-33, 15 May–21 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526571 ) ; Mazaroni Val trail, next to fallen tree 200 m before waterfall, 4.93897°N 55.20195°W, 418 m, trap BNP-ML-31, 17 Sep–29 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Witti Creek trail, 4.94491°N 55.178°W, 393 m, trap BNP-ML-16, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875038 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94555°N 55.17842°W, 411 m, trap BNP-ML-17, 20 Sep–26 Oct 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875020 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94615°N 55.1798°W, 441 m, trap BNP-ML-19, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526568 ) ; same, 17 Jun–16 Jul 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875039 ) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526567 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94611°N 55.18029°W, 412 m, trap BNP-ML-20, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355869 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94624°N 55.18075°W, 426 m, trap BNP-ML-21, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94641°N 55.18143°W, 461 m, trap BNP-ML-22, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Witti Creek trail, at detour, 4.94293°N 55.17639°W, 352 m, trap BNP-ML-13, 11 Feb–15 Apr 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( CDFA) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355860 ) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.5 km, 4.94589°N 55.17902°W, 419 m, trap BNP-ML-18, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875040 ) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526572 ) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.8 km, 4.94399°N 55.1774°W, 352 m, trap BNP-ML-14, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875037 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.8 km, 4.94452°N 55.17768°W, 377 m, trap BNP-ML-15, 17 Jun–16 Jul 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526319 ) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526570 ) ; Witti Creek trail, next to mark 1.1 km, 4.94265°N 55.17566°W, 340 m, trap BNP-ML-41, 21 Apr–21 May 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( MAAHF) .

Etymology. This species is named for Anielkoemar Gangadin, who collected the type series as well as most of the other specimens of all of the species collected at Brownsberg for the Anastrepha project.

Comments. This species is tentatively placed in the fraterculus species group. Although it lacks brown lateral markings on the subscutellum or mediotergite which are present in the majority of the species of the group, it is very similar to A. cicra Norrbom and A. macra Stone , members of the group which do have brown markings on the mediotergite (variable in A. macra ), in having a narrow, partially but distinctly serrate aculeus tip, terminalia length, and other characters. In the COI analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.), A. gangadini clusters with A. cicra , A. irretita Stone , A. macra , A. surinamensis , and three undescribed species from Ecuador, Panama and Peru. In the phylogenetic analysis of Mengual et al. (2017), A. cicra and A. macra formed the sister group to the rest of the fraterculus group.

Figures

FIGURES 7–8. Habitus: 7, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT01526233); 8, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875038).

FIGURES 43–54. Wings: 43–46, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875020, USNMENT00875038, US- NMENT00875019, USNMENT01526324); 47–50, A. juxtalanceola (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875156, USN- MENT00875161, USNMENT00875162; Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01526637); 51–53, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875152, USNMENT01526059; Brazil: Serra Bonita, USNMENT01526521); 54, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225).

FIGURES 77–84. Eversible membranes, dorsal unless otherwise indicated: 77–78, A. crassaculeus (Colombia: Pamplonita, ICAMF00000437; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105); 79–80, A. curvivenis (Brazil: Rio Urucu, USN- MENT01526558; 80, lateral); 81, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT00744647); 82–83, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT01526233; 83, dorsoapical); 84, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875038).

FIGURES 98–120. Aculei, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 98, A. aithogaster (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT00875210); 99, A. aliesae (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875194); 100, A. brownsbergiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875023); 101–102, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT0074464; Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT00875205); 103, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875201); 104–105, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875037, USNMENT00875039); 106–107, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01113849; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875157); 108, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT01526060); 109, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225); 110, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875031); 111, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875629); 112, A. triangularis (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875026); 113–114, A. crassaculeus (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105; 114, lateral); 115–116, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875004; Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875626); 117, A. sobrina (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613); 118, A. wachiperi (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875217); 119–120, A. wittiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526260; 120, lateral).

FIGURES 121–131. Aculeus tips, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 121, A. aithogaster (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT00875210); 122, A. aliesae (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875194); 123, A. brownsbergiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875023); 124, A. crassaculeus (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105); 125–126, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT0074464; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875205); 127, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875201); 128–129, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875037, USNMENT00875039); 130– 131, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01113849; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875157).