Lyropaeus Waterhouse, 1878

Masek, Michal, Ivie, Michael A., Palata, Vaclav & Bocak, Ladislav, 2014, Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62, pp. 136-145 : 139

Lyropaeus Waterhouse, 1878

( Figs. 2–24 , 28–50 )

Adult. Differential diagnosis. Antennae 10-segmented, head hypognathous, mouthparts reduced and with merged basal palpomeres, pronotum without carinae, elytra with weak longitudinal costae, transverse costae absent. Only males winged ( Figs. 2–11 ), females completely larviform ( Figs. 12–24 ).

Redescription. Male. Body 5.8–13.5 mm long, dorsoventrally flattened, coloration variable from testaceous to black or aposematically colored ( Figs. 2–11 ). Head small, hypognathous. Vertex horizontal, with prominent anterior antennal tubercles, frons vertical; antennal cavities proximate. Clypeus concave, labrum very small, slightly wider than long; hypopharynx plate-like, with antero-lateral processes, hypopharyngeal plate only slightly longer than wide. Mandibles vestigial, partially sclerotised, inner part membranous, without teeth ( Fig. 49 ). Maxilla reduced, with small, setose mala, maxillary palpi short; 4-segmented ( Fig. 48 ). Labium two-segmented, apical palpomere pointed at apex ( Fig. 47 ). Eyes small. Antennae 10-segmented, flat; scapus twice longer than wide, pedicel very short; antennomeres 3–10 parallel-sided, similar in shape, getting shorter and less flattened, apical antennomere slender. Pronotum without carinae, at most with incomplete keel anteriorly along midline; disc of pronotum with punctures at margins ( Fig. 50 ). Prosternum triangular, with widely rounded anterior margin and slender apical processes. Elytra flat, widened in apical third, weakly sclerotised. Each elytron with four weak primary longitudinal costae; secondary costae absent. Costa 4 basally forming elevated, well marked humerus, remaining costae much weaker, all costae diminishing apically, absent in apical fifth of elytral length. Elytral interstices with irregular net-like structure. Legs slender, laterally compressed, trochanters longer than one third of femoral length, tarsomeres 1–4 with gradually larger pulvillae, apical tarsomere slender, claws robust at base, with basal setae. Abdomen weakly sclerotised, much shorter and narrower than elytra, slender; tergites 5–7 with longitudinal keel, tergite 7 emarginate in middle, terminal segments slender. Phallus trilobate, slender; phallobase v-shaped, fused with bases of paramerae, paramerae wide, with apical processes ( Figs. 28–38 ) or shortened with simple apex ( Figs. 39–46 ). Females. No adult female has been collected, the large bodied larvae are assumed to be females, similar to the situation in Platerodrilus described by Wong (1996).

Figures

Figs. 2–16. Adult male, general appearance: 2, Lyropaeus (s. str.) aurantiacus Bourgeois; 3, L. (s. str.) ceylonicus Bocak & Bocakova; 4, L. (Lyroneces) rubrostriatus Kleine; 5, L. (Lyroneces) optabilis Kleine; 6, L. (Lyroneces) philippinensis Kleine; 7, L. (Lyroneces) ritsemae Gorham; 8, L. (Lyroneces) waterhousei Gorham; 9, L. (Lyroneces) dominator Kleine; 10, L. (s. str.) kejvali, new species; 11, L. (s. str.) nepalensis, new species. Larva, general appearance: 12, Lyropaeus (s. str.) sp. A; 13–14, Lyropaeus (s. str.) sp. B; 15, Lyropaeus (s. str.) sp. C. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Figs. 17–26. Larva of Lyropaeus (s. str.) sp. A: 17, head in lateral view; 18, ditto in dorsal view; 19–20, general appearance in ventral view; 21, abdominal sternite and pleurites of segment 1; 22, abdominal tergite 1; 23, mesothoracic spiracular plate; 24, abdominal spiracle of the segment 1 from Fig. 21. Larva of Platerodrilus sp.: 25, spiracular plate of the segment 1 from Fig. 26; 26, abdominal sternite and pleurites of segment 1. Scale bars = 2 mm (Figs. 17–23, 25–26); scale bar = 0.25 mm (Fig. 24).

Figs. 28–38. Male genitalia of Lyropaeus s. str.: 28, L. aurantiacus Bourgeois; 29, L. biguttatus Gorham; 30, L. ceylonicus Bocak & Bocakova; 31, L. cinnamomi Kleine; 32, L. contrarius Kleine; 33, L. densepilosus Kleine; 34, L. fallax Walker; 35, L. grandissimus Kleine; 36, L. granulosus Kleine; 37, L. nepalensis, new species; 38, L. kejvali, new species. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

Figs. 39–50. Male genitalia of Lyropaeus (Lyroneces): 39, L. dominator Kleine; 40, L. humeralis Kleine; 41, L. monticola Kleine; 42, L. optabilis Kleine; 43, L. philippinensis Kleine; 44, L. ritsemae Gorham; 45, L. rubrostriatus Kleine; 46, L. waterhousei Gorham. Mouth parts of L. (Lyroneces) optabilis: 47, labium; 48, maxillary palpus; 49, mandible. Pronotum: 50, L. (Lyroneces) optabilis. Scale bars = 0.25 mm (Figs. 39–46, 47–49); scale bar = 0.5 mm (Fig. 50).