Trichogramma soberania Fursov and Woelke, 2019
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2019.1606360 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C70187BE-2F2B-FFB4-FEB1-FB87FCCCFC72 |
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Valdenar |
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Trichogramma soberania Fursov and Woelke |
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sp. nov. |
Trichogramma soberania Fursov and Woelke , sp. nov.
( Figures 4 View Figure 4 and 5 View Figure 5 )
Diagnosis
Trichogramma soberania sp. nov. is characterized by a narrow shape of phallobase (about 2.5 times as long as wide, Figure 4 View Figure 4 (a,b)), very narrow and apically sharp and elongated DLA ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (b)), long and sharp setae of antennae (about 2.5 times as long as width of clava ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (c)). The species is morphologically close to T. exiguum Pinto and Platner and T. pretiosum Riley but can be differentiated from both species by the presence of a long and very narrow IVP (2.0–3.62 times as long as wide, Figure 4 View Figure 4 (a)). Also, T. soberania sp. nov. is discernible from T. pretiosum in the shape of DLA ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (b)), which is notably narrower in the latter species. Trichogramma soberania sp. nov. is also distinguishable in having a long and thin setae on the male antenna with SL/ FW = 2.71–3.04 (avg. 3.0), whereas they are robust and shorter in T. exiguum , with SL/ FW = 1.90–2.24 (avg. 2.04). The male antenna of T. pretiosum is very similar to T. soberania sp. nov. (with long setae having SL/FW = 2.92–3.30 (avg. 3.11)); however, the two species may be distinguished based on the shape of DLA, as mentioned above. Description
Based on holotype and 8 paratype male specimens.
Colour of head, antennae, meso- and metasoma dark brown, except light yellow scutellum, propodeum and base of metasoma, all legs brown, eyes red.
Antenna ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (c)) with flagellum 5.40–6.19 (avg. 5.83) times as long as its maximum width, and 1.95–2.08 times (avg. 2.02) as long as length of scape; SL/FW = 2.71–3.04 (avg. 3.0). Number of flagellar setae 37–44 ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (a)).
GL 112.60–158.55 (avg. 132.05), GW 35.33–61.02 (avg. 50.96); GW-B 20.46–24.58 (avg. 22.54); DA-L 62.10–95.54 (avg. 76.47).
DLA 36.11–46.03 (avg. 43.50), width 30.08–48.35 (avg. 38.84) ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (b); IVP-L 9.51–18.00 (avg. 14.70); AD 31.20–42.41 (avg. 35.60); PL 29.87–35.08 (avg. 32.82); AL-B 70.58–88.83 (avg. 75.73); AL 126.35–167.28 (avg. 144.22).
GC very narrow basally, widest medially or subapically, and then again sharply narrowed apically; with elongate dorsal aperture. DA-L/GL = 0.56–0.61 (avg. 0.59). GL/ GW = 2.52–3.31 (avg. 2.80). GW/GW-B 1.73–2.49 (avg. 2.26). DLA sharply narrowed medially and smoothly narrowed apically, subtriangular, with distinct basal lobes, small sharp lateral notches, and with smoothly rounded apical part ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (b)). Basal lobes of DLA not extended to lateral sides of GC. Apex of DLA not extended beyond apical part of parameres, but extended beyond the apex of volsellae and volsellar digiti, as well as beyond the apex of IVP ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (a,b)). Apex of DLA narrower than width of aedeagus ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (b)). DLA-L/DLA-W = 0.29–0.40 (avg. 0.34). GW/DLA-W = 1.24–1.75 (avg. 1.41). DLA-L/GL 0.40–0.56 (avg. 0.34). IVP sclerotized on both lateral sides, long, with wide base and with very narrow awl-like sharpened apex ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (a)). IVP not extended beyond the apex of vorsellar digiti, and beyond the apex of DLA. IVP-L/IVP-W = 2.0–3.62 (avg. 2.57). AD/IVP-L = 2.03–3.76 (avg. 2.42). AD/GL = 0.27–0.42 (avg. 0.31). Apical part of GC narrowed gradually, without curvature ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (a,b)). PL/DLA-L 0.63–0.73 (avg. 0.72). AL/GL = 1.04–1.09 (avg. 1.07). AL-B/AL = 0.48–0.56 (avg. 0.53).
Wings. Fore and hind wings transparent, MV with four large and four small setae ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (d)). Hind wing with 1–2 setae in anterior, 26 setae in middle and 5–6 setae in posterior track; fringe with 20 short anterior and 26–27 long posterior setae; FL/ HWW = 1.81–1.94.
Material examined
Holotype male. (SIZK), PANAMA, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, collected 4 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk), specimen on glass slide under 3 small cover slip (genitalia under right left side cover slip), circled with black ink, on slide no. 2023 (strain L20) (in Canada balsam). GoogleMaps
Paratypes. same label (all from strain L20), 1 male on slide no. 2024 (SIZK); 1 male and 1 female on slide no. 2025 (SIZK); 1 male and 1 female on slide no. 2026 (SIZK); 1 male and 1 female on slide no. 2027 (RMNH); 1 male and 1 female on slide no. 2031 (NHMUK); 1 male on slide no. 2028 (SIZK); 1 male on slide no. 2029 (SIZK); 1 male on slide no. 2030 (SIZK) (all in Canada balsam).
Additional material. (SIZK) same label (strain L20), 3 males and 1 female on slide no. 1867; 3 males and 3 females on slide no. 1868; 3 males and 2 females on slide no. 1869; 3 males and 3 females on slide no. 1870 (all in Canada balsam).
Field records. Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #105, 7 females and 1 male collected 26 February 2008 from egg of Agraulis vanillae vanillae ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk);
Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #168, 10 females and 1 male collected 4 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J. B. Woelke and M. de Rijk);
Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #180 (origin of strain L20), 2 females and 1 male collected 4 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk);
Panama, Plantation Road, 9°04 ʹ 32.1 ʺ N, 79°39 ʹ 32.3 ʺ W, #283, 5 females and 2 males collected 6 March 2008 from egg of Heliconiini butterfly ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora biflora ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk);
Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #346, 2 females and 1 male collected 20 March 2008 from egg of Agraulis vanillae vanillae ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae ) found on Passiflora foetida var. isthmia ( Malpighiales : Passifloraceae ) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
Phoretic wasp record. Panama, Pipeline Road, 9°08 ʹ 31.8 ʺ N, 79°43 ʹ 30.6 ʺ W, #32, 1 female wasp was collected on a female Heliconius hecale melicerta butterfly, 12 February 2008 (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
Host
Wasps were reared from eggs of Agraulis vanillae vanillae ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (g,h)) and Heliconiini spp. found on Passiflora biflora Lamarck ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (f)) and P. foetida L. var. isthmia Killip ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (d)).
Biology
Idiobiont endoparasitoid. All specimens of this species were reared from eggs of Heliconiini butterflies, which were deposited on Passiflora plants. The collected wasps had an average of 5.20 ± 3.42 SD females and 1.20 ± 0.45 SD males per egg, and a sexratio of 23.08%. Our finding of one female wasp on an adult female Heliconius hecale melicerta butterfly ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (i,j)) suggests that this species may occasionally be phoretic on adult female butterflies to find suitable host eggs.
More specific information about strain L20. Female wasps oviposit several eggs into a M. brassicae host of various ages (fresh and mature with red stripes) ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (a,b)). Both winged and brachypterous females oviposit. Freshly laid egg is ovoid, about 0.12 mm long, and ~ 0.06 mm wide ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (c)). About 24 h after, an embryo is traceable within the egg. The freshly hatched larva is about as long as the egg, with poorly sclerotized mandibles. Forty-eight hours later the larva is already 0.4–0.6 mm long, and has a distinct mid gut full of consumed host yolk ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (d)). About 50 h after oviposition the entire egg is consumed, and larvae reach nearly their final size. Up to 14 larvae can develop in same egg of M. brassicae ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (e)) The fully grown larva is about 0.7–0.8 mm long, swollen, with full mid gut; occasionally it is reddish with white spots ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (f)). No moult or changes in mandible size were traced during the larval development. The male and female pupae differ in size and colour pattern ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (g)). Host eggs turn black after consumption, as in most Trichogramma species ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (h)).
Distribution
Panama, tropical lowland rainforest of the Soberania National Park (Parque Nacional Soberanía) ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (c)), and in the town of Gamboa and surroundings.
Etymology
Research was conducted in Soberania National Park (in Spanish: Parque Nacion soberanía ) in Panama, as well in the town of Gamboa, which is located in this park. The park has been protected since 1980, and covers 220 km 2 of tropical lowland rainforest.
Sequence analysis
MegaBLAST analysis revealed that our Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequences of T. soberania sp. nov. matched with 37% query cover and 93% identity to T. chilotraeae in GenBank. Sequence ID T. soberania sp. nov.: MK159692 View Materials .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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