Ceraphron, Jurine, 1807
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2023.884.2181 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A128228C-185E-4D21-B23B-223C7C737C4C |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8339634 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C33B177D-E912-FFEE-FF60-F972FA91FE4C |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Ceraphron |
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Key to male Ceraphron View in CoL View at ENA from the Afrotropical mainland
1. Scape as long as F1 to F3 combined or longer (e.g., Fig. 82D View Fig ) ....................................................... 2
– Scape as long as F1 and F2 combined or shorter (e.g., Fig. 41D View Fig ) .................................................... 6
– Scape longer than F1 and F2 combined and shorter than F1 to F3 combined (e.g., Fig. 47D View Fig ) ...... 14
2. Scape shorter than F1 to F4 combined (e.g., Fig. 76D View Fig ) .................................................................... 3
– Scape as long as F1 to F4 combined ( Fig. 54D View Fig ) ................................................. C. insolitus sp. nov.
3. At least some flagellomeres moniliform ( Figs 45 View Fig , 82 View Fig ) ..................................................................... 4
– All flagellomeres cylindric ( Figs 51 View Fig , 76 View Fig ) .......................................................................................... 5
4. Head, meso- and metasoma brown ( Fig. 82D View Fig ); harpe finger-shaped in ventral and dorsal view ( Fig. 82A, C View Fig ) ........................................................................................................ C. sungura sp. nov.
– Head light brown, meso- and metasoma light brown-yellowish ( Fig. 45D View Fig ); harpe cone-shaped in ventral and dorsal view ( Fig. 45A, C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. cingulum sp. nov.
5. Genital weakly sclerotized; harpe not indented apically in lateral view ( Fig. 51B View Fig ); apical setae of harpes not crossing ( Fig. 51A, C View Fig ) ........................................................................ C. eulbergi sp. nov.
– Genital moderately sclerotized; harpe indented apically in lateral view ( Fig. 76B View Fig ); apical setae of harpes distinctly crossing ( Fig. 76A, C View Fig ) ........................................................ C. pilosiharpis sp. nov.
6. Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex absent (e.g., Fig. 41D View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................................... 7
– Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex present (e.g., Fig. 71D View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................................... 9
7. Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.50 (e.g., Fig. 41A–C View Fig ); harpe cone-shaped or triangular in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Fig. 41A, C View Fig ) .................................................................................................................... 8
– Harpe/gvc index 0.81 ( Fig. 75A–C View Fig ); harpe sickle-shaped in ventral and dorsal view ( Fig. 75A, C View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................... C. onesimusi sp. nov.
8. Harpe/gvc index 0.50 ( Sundholm 1970: 363, fig. 139) ........................ C. longulus Sundholm, 1970 View in CoL
– Harpe/gvc index 0.33 ( Fig. 41A–C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. breviharpis sp. nov.
9. Harpe triangular and/or cone-shaped or bulb-shaped, not sickle-shaped and without apicoventral projection (e.g., Figs 42–43 View Fig View Fig , 66 View Fig , 71A, C View Fig ) ....................................................................................... 10
– Harpe sickle-shaped with apicoventral projection ( Fig. 72A, C View Fig ) .................. C. mwekaensis sp. nov.
10. Mesometapleuron with distinct longitudinal striations ( Dessart 1963b: 530, fig. 4 female; Figs 42D View Fig , 103 View Fig ) ..................................................................................................................................................11
– Mesometapleuron without distinct longitudinal striations ............................................................. 12
11. Mesometapleural sulcus present ( Dessart 1963b: 530, fig. 4 female; Fig. 103 View Fig ) ................................. .................................................................................................................... C. masneri Dessart, 1963 View in CoL
– Mesometapleural sulcus absent ( Fig. 42D View Fig ) ................................................... C. breviscapus sp. nov.
12. Head brown, mesosoma brown and metasoma light brown or brown (e.g., Fig. 71D View Fig ) .................. 13
– Head light brown-yellowish, mesosoma yellowish except meso- and metapleuron darker and metasoma light brown-yellowish except anterior third lighter ( Fig. 66D View Fig ) ......................................... ................................................................................................................... C. longumerunus sp. nov.
13. Harpe triangular in ventral and dorsal view; harpe/gvc index 0.31 (e.g., Fig. 71A, C View Fig ) ..................... .................................................................................................................................. C. mikoi sp. nov.
– Harpe cone-shaped in ventral and dorsal view; harpe/gvc index 0.93 ( Fig. 43A, C View Fig ) ......................... ............................................................................................................................. C. buyangu sp. nov.
14. Harpe finger-shaped in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Figs 40 View Fig , 80 View Fig ) ................................................ 15
– Harpe not finger-shaped, but cone-shaped, trapezoidal or triangular in ventral and dorsal view (e.g., Figs 44 View Fig , 58 View Fig ) ..................................................................................................................................... 23
15. Harpe/gvc index> 1.00 (e.g., Fig. 64A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 16
– Harpe/gvc index ˂ 0.70 (e.g., Fig. 50A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 19
16. Harpe/gvc index ≤ 1.05 (e.g., Fig. 81A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 17
– Harpe/gvc index> 1.30 (e.g., Fig. 64A–C View Fig ) .................................................... C. longiharpis sp. nov.
17. Head brown and mesosoma brown or light brown; flagellum light brown or light brown-yellowish; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex extending to end of mesosoma ( Figs 48 View Fig , 68D View Fig ) .................................................................................................... 18
– Head and mesosoma dark brown;flagellum brown;anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding end of mesosoma ( Fig. 81D View Fig ) ............. C. semira sp. nov.
18. Mesosoma brown; flagellum light brown; F1 2.6 × as long as wide ( Fig. 68D View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe straight; dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally from base to apex; harpe with at least three lateral setae distributed along apical quarter ( Fig. 68A, C View Fig ) ........... ............................................................................................................................... C. malava sp. nov.
– Mesosoma light brown; flagellum light brown-yellowish; F1 2.1 × as long as wide ( Fig. 48D View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe convex; dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally in basal half, straight and parallel to other harpe in apical half; harpe with at least four lateral setae distributed along apical half ( Fig. 48A, C View Fig ) ....................................................... C. eaerendili sp. nov.
19. Mesosoma dark brown or brown, ventrolateral parts not darker than rest; scape light brown or yellowish; F6 ≤ 1.8× as long as wide (e.g., Fig. 61D View Fig ); harpe with at least three lateral setae but not more than four (e.g., Fig. 61A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................................. 20
– Mesosoma brown, ventrolateral parts darker than rest; scape brown; F6 2.5 × as long as wide ( Fig. 80D View Fig ); harpe with at least six lateral setae ( Fig. 80A–C View Fig ) ................................. C. sataoi sp. nov.
20. Scape yellowish or partially yellowish ( Figs 50 View Fig , 61–62 View Fig View Fig ); harpe/gvc index ≥ 0.64; harpe with at least nine median setae but not more than ten, median setae not convex or brush-like arranged ( Figs 50 View Fig , 61–62 View Fig View Fig ) ............................................................................................................................................. 21
– Scape light brown ( Fig. 40D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.56; harpe with at least eleven convex and brush-like arranged median setae ( Fig. 40A, C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. brashi sp. nov.
21. Scape and pedicel yellowish; flagellum light brown ( Figs 61–62 View Fig View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe at least slightly convex; apex of harpe rounded ( Figs 61–62 View Fig View Fig ) .................................................................... 22
– Scape and pedicel light brown except proximal half of scape yellowish; flagellum brown ( Fig. 50D View Fig ); lateral margin of harpe straight; apex of harpe pointed ( Fig. 50A, C View Fig ) ...................... C. ellae sp. nov.
22. Metasoma light brown; mesometapleural sulcus absent; head height 1.54–1.64 × maximum eye diameter ( Fig. 61D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.55 ( Fig. 61A–C View Fig ) ...................................... C. kidole sp. nov.
– Metasoma brown; mesometapleural sulcus present; head height 1.77–1.83 × maximum eye diameter ( Fig. 62D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.68 ( Fig. 62A–C View Fig ) .................................................. C. kimathii sp. nov.
23. At least some flagellomeres moniliform ( Figs 46 View Fig , 67 View Fig ) ................................................................... 24
– All flagellomeres cylindric (e.g., Figs 49 View Fig , 69 View Fig ) ................................................................................ 25
24. Multiporous plates on flagellomeres elongate ( Fig. 46D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.57; gvc slightly wider than long ( Fig. 46A–C View Fig ) ................................................................................ C. clavatumeris sp. nov.
– Multiporous plates on flagellomeres small and round ( Fig. 67D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.44; gvc width two thirds of gvc length ( Fig. 67A–C View Fig ) ............................................................. C. maathaiae sp. nov.
25. Harpe/gvc index ˃ 0.80 (e.g., Fig. 84A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 26
– Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.63 (e.g., Figs 58 View Fig , 83 View Fig ) ..................................................................................... 29
26. Harpe/gvc index ≥ 1.00 (e.g., Fig. 78A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................... 27
– Harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.86 ( Figs 77 View Fig , 84 View Fig ) ............................................................................................. 28
27. Interaxillar sulcus absent; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding the end of the mesosoma; legs yellowish except proximal third of coxae light brown ( Fig. 78D View Fig ) ............................................................................................... C. reinholdi sp. nov.
– Distinct interaxillar sulcus; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex not extending to the end of the mesosoma; legs yellowish ( Sundholm 1970: 357–359; Fig. 101B View Fig ) ............................................................................ C. confusus Sundholm, 1970 View in CoL
28. Longitudinal sulcus on mesometapleuron from procoxa to metacoxa; scape and pedicel brown ( Fig. 77D View Fig ); genital moderately sclerotized; longest apical setae of harpe less than half as long as harpe ( Fig. 77A–C View Fig ) ...................................................................................... C. pleurosulcus sp. nov.
– No longitudinal sulcus on mesometapleuron; scape and pedicel yellowish ( Fig. 84D View Fig ); genital weakly sclerotized; longest apical setae of harpe as long as harpe ( Fig. 84A–C View Fig ) ................ C. tiriki sp. nov.
29. Longest lateral setae of harpe shorter than harpe (e.g., Figs 58 View Fig , 60 View Fig ) .............................................. 30
– Longest lateral setae of harpe more than twice as long as harpe ( Fig. 65A–C View Fig ) ................................. ........................................................................................................................... C. longisetae sp. nov.
30. Scape brown ( Figs 44 View Fig , 58 View Fig , 73 View Fig , 100 View Fig ) ................................................................................................ 31
– Scape light brown or lighter (e.g., Figs 49 View Fig , 53 View Fig , 63 View Fig , 69 View Fig ) .................................................................. 34
31. Mesosoma dark brown and metasoma brown or partially yellowish, but not amber-coloured ( Figs 44 View Fig , 73 View Fig , 100 View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................................... 32
– Mesosoma amber-coloured, ventrolateral parts darker than rest and metasoma amber-coloured ( Fig. 58D View Fig ) ......................................................................................................... C. kaharabu sp. nov.
32. Head dark brown; legs yellowish except coxae partially dark brown and light brown, syntergite brown ( Figs 44 View Fig , 73 View Fig ); harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.47 ( Figs 44 View Fig , 73 View Fig ) ............................................................ 33
– Head brown, legs brown except tarsi yellowish, syntergite light brown-yellowish ( Sundholm 1970: 359; Fig. 100B View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.58 ( Sundholm 1970: 361, fig. 135; Fig. 100A View Fig ) ......................... ............................................................................................................ C. cephalotes Sundholm, 1970 View in CoL
33. Dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally only in basal half, straight and parallel to other harpe in apical half ( Fig. 44C View Fig ); harpe with at least three lateral setae distributed along apical third ( Fig. 44A, C View Fig ) .................................................... C. chemositi sp. nov.
– Dorsomedial margin of harpe straight and slightly diverging distolaterally from base to apex ( Fig. 73C View Fig ); harpe with at least two lateral setae situated closely together at middle of harpe ( Fig. 73A, C View Fig ) ......................................................................................................... C. nandi sp. nov.
34. Lateral margin of harpe straight or slightly concave ( Figs 39 View Fig , 53 View Fig , 57 View Fig , 60 View Fig , 79 View Fig , 83 View Fig ) ......................... 35
– Lateral margin of harpe at least slightly convex (e.g., Figs 55 View Fig , 59 View Fig , 63 View Fig , 70 View Fig , 74 View Fig ) ............................. 40
35. Longest apical setae of harpe shorter than harpe (e.g., Fig. 60A–C View Fig ) ............................................. 36
– Longest apical setae of harpe longer than harpe ( Fig. 53A–C View Fig ) ...................... C. hitagarciai sp. nov.
36. Flagellum gradually darkening from F1 to F9 (e.g., Fig. 57D View Fig ) ...................................................... 37
– Flagellum with no colour gradient from F1 to F9 ( Fig. 39D View Fig ) ................................ C. banda sp. nov.
37. Weber length ≤ 1.82 × genital length ( Figs 57 View Fig , 60 View Fig ) ......................................................................... 38
– Weber length ≥ 2.44 × genital length ( Figs 79 View Fig , 83 View Fig ) ......................................................................... 39
38. F1 shorter than F9; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex extending to end of mesosoma ( Fig. 60D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.32 ( Fig. 60A–C View Fig ) ................ .................................................................................................................. C. kakamegaensis sp. nov.
– F1 as long as F9; anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex exceeding end of mesosoma ( Fig. 57D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.46 ( Fig. 57A–C View Fig ) ................................... ......................................................................................................................... C. ivindoensis sp. nov.
39. F1 2.8× as long as wide; F6 2.1× as long as wide ( Fig. 83D View Fig ); longest median setae of harpe one quarter as long as harpe ( Fig. 83A–C View Fig ) ............................................................. C. tenuimeris sp. nov.
– F1 2.2× as long as wide, F6 1.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 79D View Fig ); longest median setae of harpe more than three quarters as long as harpe ( Fig. 79A–C View Fig ) ................................................ C. salazar sp. nov.
40. Harpe trapezoidal ( Figs 55 View Fig , 70 View Fig ) ...................................................................................................... 41
– Harpe triangular to cone-shaped or cone-shaped (e.g., Figs 49 View Fig , 56 View Fig ) .............................................. 42
41. F6 1.4× as long as wide, metapleuron without sculpture ( Fig. 55D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.30; genital moderately sclerotized ( Fig. 55A–C View Fig ) ................................................................. C. isecheno sp. nov.
– F6 1.8× as long as wide, metapleuron distinctly sculptured ( Fig. 70D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.48; genital weakly sclerotized ( Fig. 70A–C View Fig ) ................................................................ C. metapleuralis sp. nov.
42. Gvc width more than three quarters of gvc length (e.g., Fig. 74A, C View Fig ) ........................................... 43
– Gvc width less than three quarters of gvc length (e.g., Fig. 56A, C View Fig ) ............................................. 45
43. OOL:POL ≤ 2.08; longest apical setae of harpe two thirds as long as harpe or shorter; genitalia moderately sclerotized (e.g., Fig. 63A–C View Fig ) ...................................................................................... 44
– OOL:POL 3.33; longest apical setae of harpe more than three quarters as long as harpe; genitalia weakly sclerotized, almost transparent ( Fig. 74A–C View Fig ) .............................................. C. nzoia sp. nov.
44. Scape 4.7× as long as pedicel; F6 1.4× as long as wide ( Fig. 63D View Fig ); gvc width 1.29× distal gvc width ( Fig. 63A, C View Fig ) ....................................................................................................... C. lirhanda sp. nov.
– Scape 2.9× as long as pedicel; F6 1.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 49D View Fig ); gvc width 1.16× distal gvc width ( Fig. 49A, C View Fig ) ............................................................................................................ C. ekero sp. nov.
45. Gvc width ≥ 1.33 × distal gvc width (e.g., Fig. 85A, C View Fig ) ................................................................. 46
– Gvc width ≤ 1.26 × distal gvc width (e.g., Fig. 69A, C View Fig ) ................................................................. 47
46. Weber length 2.05 × genital length ( Fig. 59 View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.37; genitalia moderately sclerotized with weakest sclerotization at harpe ( Fig. 59A–C View Fig ) ..................................... C. kaimosiensis sp. nov.
– Weber length 3.43–3.60× genital length ( Fig. 85 View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.57; genitalia weakly sclerotized with more strongly sclerotized apex of harpe ( Fig. 85A–C View Fig ) ............................ C. trietschae sp. nov.
47. Mesosoma uniformly dark brown or brown (e.g., Fig. 56D View Fig ); longest lateral setae of harpe slightly more than half as long as harpe or less than half as long as harpe (e.g., Fig. 56A–C View Fig ) ................... 48
– Mesosoma brown with light brown mesoscutellum ( Fig. 47D View Fig ); longest lateral setae of harpe more than two thirds as long as harpe ( Fig 47A–C View Fig ) .......................................................... C. digiti sp. nov.
48. F6 ≥ 1.9× as long as wide ( Figs 52 View Fig , 69D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index ≤ 0.43 ( Figs 52 View Fig , 69A–C View Fig ) .................. 49
– F6 1.4× as long as wide ( Fig. 56D View Fig ); harpe/gvc index 0.52 ( Fig. 56A–C View Fig ) ............. C. isukha sp. nov.
49. Scape and pedicel light brown; scape 4.8× as long as pedicel ( Fig. 69D View Fig ); longest lateral setae half as long as harpe ( Fig. 69A–C View Fig ) ......................................................................... C. mamamutere sp. nov.
– Scape and pedicel yellowish; scape 3.9× as long as pedicel ( Fig. 52D View Fig ); longest lateral setae more than half as long as harpe ( Fig. 52A–C View Fig ) ............................................................... C. herreni sp. nov.
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