Calliandropsis H.M. Hern. & P. Guinet, Kew Bull. 45(4): 609. 1990.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Calliandropsis H.M. Hern. & P. Guinet, Kew Bull. 45(4): 609. 1990.

Figs 144 , 145 , 146 , 157

Type.

Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton & Rose) H.M. Hern. & P. Guinet [≡ Anneslia nervosa Britton & Rose]

Description.

Small, unarmed shrubs to 1 m, profusely and intricately branched from the base (Fig. 144J ); brachyblasts present, densely covered with persistent imbricate stipules, bearing leaves and inflorescences. Stipules leafy, triangular, to 2 mm. Leaves bipinnate; a cupular nectary at the point of insertion of the pinnae; pinnae 1 pair; leaflets (5) 6-9 (11) pairs per pinna, opposite, oblong, oblique at the base, acute at the apex, glabrous or sparsely villous with prominent primary and secondary veins abaxially. Inflorescences compact semi-spherical capitula, solitary in the axils (Fig. 145H ), on a short peduncle, subtended by triangular bracts. Flowers usually all hermaphrodite but sometimes with a few functionally staminate flowers proximally; sepals valvate in bud, connate, calyx campanulate, 5-lobed; petals 5, valvate in bud, free or fused, lobes oblanceolate; stamens 5 per flower, all fertile, white or pale pink, anthers mostly eglandular, rarely with a minute sub-cylindrical apical gland; pollen in tricolporate monads; ovary sericeous, sessile, 5-6-ovulate, stigma tubular. Fruits dry, non-septate, straight, plano-compressed, oblanceolate, 1-5-seeded, the margins thickened, apex acute, valves rigidly coriaceous, dehiscing elastically from the apex to the base without twisting, the valves strongly recurving and persistent after dehiscence (Fig. 146N ). Seeds ovoid, dark brown, pleurogram U-shaped.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Monospecific ( C. nervosa ), endemic to central Mexico from Durango south to Oaxaca (Fig. 157 ).

Ecology.

Seasonally dry thorn scrub on dry rocky calcareous soils, 1450-2000 m elevation. Seed dispersal mechanical via elastically dehiscent pods. Deciduous.

Etymology.

From Greek, - opsis (= appearance), referring to the resemblance to (the fruits of) the genus Calliandra .

Human uses.

Unknown.

Notes.

Calliandropsis is robustly supported as sister to the rest of the Dichrostachys subclade (Fig. 143 ), presenting a striking amphi-Atlantic disjunction between dry central Mexico and the Old World, mainly Madagascan, Dichrostachys , Gagnebina and Alantsilodendron clade. Fruiting specimens of Calliandropsis are often mis-identified as Calliandra eriophylla Benth., which co-occurs with Calliandropsis in south-central Mexico, because of the strong similarity of its elastically dehiscent fruits to those of Calliandra , but the flowers of Calliandropsis , with few free stamens, immediately distinguish it from Calliandra which has flowers with numerous stamens fused into a tube.

Taxonomic references.

Hernández and Guinet (1990), including an illustration.

Figures

Figure 143. Generic relationships in the Dichrostachys clade (tribe Mimoseae). Note that the non-monophyly of Dichrostachys and Alantsilodendron has been simplified in this figure (see Suppl. material 2). For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63).

Figure 144. Habit and growth forms of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A herbaceous to weakly woody thicket of shrubby Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. in seasonally inundated ruderal habitat, Bolivia (Saerkinen 2159) B, C medium-sized to large trees of Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers & P. Guinet, north-western Madagascar (Koenen 429) D small tree of Leucaena matudae (Zarate) C. E. Hughes in seasonally dry tropical forest, Guerrero, Mexico (Hughes 2153) E shrub of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. R. Wood cultivated, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kaua'i, Hawaii F small treelet of Desmanthus fruticosus Rose, Baja California, Mexico (Hughes 1532) G prostrate woody suffrutex of Desmanthus acuminatus Benth., Potosi, Bolivia (Hughes 2314) H shrub of Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Hughes 2476) I shrub of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart, Mendoza, Argentina J shrublet of Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton & Rose) H. M. Hern. & P. Guinet, Puebla, Mexico (Hughes 1784) K small treelet of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn., Kruger National Park, South Africa L small treelet of Alantsilodendron pilosum Villiers, S. Madagascar (Luckow 4162) M treelet of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., Madagascar N shrub of Dichrostachys venosa Villiers, in dry spiny forest, southern Madagascar. Photo credits A, D-H, J CE Hughes B, C E Koenen I Estepa Patagonica K B Dupont L M Luckow M C Commenge naturetropicale N D Du Puy.

Figure 145. Inflorescences and flowers of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers & P. Guinet (Koenen 435) B inflorescence of Neptunia plena (L.) Benth., basal flowers sterile with showy yellow petaloid staminodia (Wood 26650) C inflorescence of Leucaena esculenta (Sesse & Mocino ex DC.) Benth. (Hughes 1326) D inflorescences and tergeminate leaves of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. R. Wood E fascicles of capitate inflorescences in axils of coevally developing leaves, Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling & Niezgoda F inflorescences of Desmanthus bicornutus S. Watson showing basal sterile flowers with exserted white showy staminodia (Hughes 1526) G capitate inflorescences of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart H semi-spherical capitate inflorescences of Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton & Rose) H. M. Hern. & P. Guinet (Hughes 1784) I inflorescence of Alantsilodendron ramosum Villiers J spicate inflorescences of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., the basal flowers sterile with showy white staminodia K spicate inflorescence of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn., basal flowers sterile with showy pink staminodia L compact spikes of Dichrostachys akataensis Villiers the basal flowers sterile with showy pale pink staminodia. Photo credits A E Koenen B, C, F, H, J, K CE Hughes D A Palomino E Lauren Gutierrez G D Cabral, Flora Mondocina I, L D Du Puy.

Figure 146. Fruits of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A leaves and pod of Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers & P. Guinet, north-eastern Madagascar (Koenen 429) B Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. fruits dehiscing along the dorsal suture (Wood 26650) C ripe pods of Leucaena cruziana Britton & Rose, Oaxaca, Mexico (Hughes 1300) D cluster of unripe pods on a single inflorescence of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit subsp. glabrata (Rose) S. Zarate, Honduras (Hughes 1557) E ripe pods of Desmanthus leptophyllus Kunth dehiscing along both sutures (Hughes 3098) F unripe fruit of Mezcala balsensis (J. L. Contr.) C. E. Hughes & J. L. Contr., held erect, Guerrero, Mexico G ripe fruits of Mezcala balsensis dehiscing from the apex along both sutures H, I unripe and ripe fruits of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. R. Wood, cultivated at the Olinda rare plant propagation facility, Maui, Hawaii, USA J ripe fruits of Schleinitzia insularum (Guilemin) Burkart, the valves tardily splitting along both sutures but indehiscent K winged fruits of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., Madagascar L unripe, lomentiform fruits of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart which break up into one- or few-seeded fragments when ripe M ripe fruits of Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart, S Bolivia (Hughes 2476) N ripe fruits, elastically dehisced from the apex, Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton & Rose) H. M. Hern. & P. Guinet, Puebla, Mexico (Hughes 1784) O unripe coiled fruits of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. P ripe fruits dehiscing elastically from the apex, Dichrostachys venosa Villiers, southern Madagascar Q ripe fruits of Alantsilodendron pilosum Villiers, Madagascar. Photo credits A E Koenen B-E, M, N C Hughes F, G J Luis Contreras H, I A Palomino J G McCormack, Cook Islands Biodiversity K, P, Q D Du Puy L I Specogno, Flora Mendocina O Atamari (CC-BY-SA- 3.0).

Figure 157. Distribution of Calliandropsis based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.