Psilocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm, 1871

He, Xue-Lian, Huo, Wen-Yan, Zhang, Li-Guang, Liu, Yu, Qi, Peng, Dai, Lu, Qiao, Ting, Lu, Pengpeng & Li, Jun-Zhi, 2022, Psilocybe ningshanensis (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales), a new species from China, Phytotaxa 545 (2), pp. 175-185 : 182

Key to the species of Psilocybe s. str. in China

1. Annulus present ..................................................................................................................................................................................2

2. Annulus typically membranous and persistent...................................................................................................................................3

3. Cap nearly white, central yellowish brown; spores 12–16 × 8–10 μm, wide ellipse to nearly hexagonal......................... P. cubensis

3. Spores 8–10 × 5–6 μm, subovoid to subrhomboid.................................................................................................... P. wayanadensis

2. Annulus fall off easily; without caulocystidia or pleurocystidia; spores 11.5–13.5 × 7–8 µm, oval in face .................... P. venenata

2. White veil, submembranous to plexiform annulus; pleurocystidia 15–20 × 4.5–7 µm, oval to nearly clavate .......... P. taiwanensis

1. Annulus absent ...................................................................................................................................................................................4

4. Caulocystidia present..........................................................................................................................................................................5

5. Caulocystidia abundant ......................................................................................................................................................................6

6. Cap reddish brown; spores 10–12.5 × 6–7.5 µm; cheilocystidia often with a 10.5–21.5 × 2.5–3 µm long neck........... P. baeocystis

6. Lamellae often with ink blue tinge, edges serrulate; caulocystidia 14.5–49 × 3.5–11 µm ............................................. P. keralensis

5. Caulocystidia rare, 16–90 × 4.5–24.5 μm, often with an elongated 2–44.5 × 1.5–3.5 μm neck...................................... P. ruiliensis

5. Spores large, 12–19 × 7–10.5 μm; cap margin with white to bluing, membranous veil remnants .......................... P. chuxiongensis

5. Pleurocystidia abundant, 17.5–32 × 5.5–10 µm; spores 5.5–8 × 3–5 µm, ellipsoid to subovoid .............................. P. cinnamomea

5. Without pleurocystidia; spores 8.5–11.5 × 6–7 µm, ellipsoid to subovoid ......................................................................... P. fasciata

4. Pleurocystidia present; spores 6.5–11 × 4–6.5 µm, hexagonal with angles ............................................................. P. ningshanensis

4. Without caulocystidia or pleurocystidia .............................................................................................................................................6

6. Spores medium to large ......................................................................................................................................................................7

7. Spores 7.6–11.5 × 5.8–8.1 µm; partial veil often nearly the middle of stipe; pileipellis without gelatinized hyphae P. angulospora

6. Spores small........................................................................................................................................................................................8

8. Cap and stipe dark brown to light yellowish brown; spores 6–6.7 × 4–4.5 μm, ovoid to ellipsoid................................ P. argentipes

8. Stipe dark chestnut brown; spores 5–6.5 × 4.5–5 μm, ovoid to rhomboid...................................................................... P. yungensis