Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818

Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2018, Revision of Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), Zoosystema 40 (12), pp. 227-325 : 238

Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818

Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818: 315 . — Savigny 1822: 12. — Blainville 1828: 481-482. — Audouin & Milne Edwards 1833: 232-233. — Grube 1850: 306; 1878: 102; 1880: 220-221, 224- 227. — Schmarda 1861: 79. — Ehlers 1864: 187. — Quatrefages 1866: 93, 95. — Chamberlin 1919: 185. — Horst 1921: 80, 1924: 192. — Fauvel 1923a: 233; 1932a: 60; 1934: 21; 1947a: 30; 1953b: 103. — Hartman 1940: 211-212. — Day 1967: 227. — Fauchald 1977a: 76. — Campoy 1982: 208. — Uebelacker 1984: 28-36. — Pleijel 1998: 107.

Fallacia Quatrefages, 1866: 98 . Type species not designated.

Telamone Claparède, 1868: 541 . Type species: Hesione sicula delle Chiaje, 1830, by monotypy.

TYPE SPECIES. — Hesione splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 , by subsequent designation ( Quatrefages 1866: 95).

DIAGNOSIS (modified after Pleijel 1998: 107). — Hesioninae with 8 pairs of long tentacular cirri; 21 segments, 16 chaetigers; prostomium with antennae, without palps; parapodia without notochaetae; dorsal and ventral cirri basally cylindrical, rarely swollen; acicular lobe single or double; neuraciculae usually black, at least the smaller one; neurochaetae with blades usually bidentate, rarely unidentate, usually with guards; pharynx cylindrical with a basal dorsal papilla, without marginal papillae.

DISTRIBUTION. — Pantropical, reaching subtropical regions, mostly in shallow water and mixed bottoms.

REMARKS

Savigny (1822: 39) indicated four anterior appendages in the diagnosis of Hesione , but because they were not included in the description ( Savigny 1822: 40), nor in the corresponding illustration (his plate 3, figure 3), their number were regarded as a mistake. This was corrected by Grube (1867: 65), and later Chamberlin (1919: 185) followed this in his key to genera. However, by following the original diagnosis and regarding Hesione with 4 antennae and 8 pairs of tentacular cirri, de Quatrefages (1866) proposed Fallacia to include species with only 2 antennae. Fallacia would contain H. pantherina Risso, 1826 and H. picta Müller, 1858 (listed as H. proctochona Schmarda, 1861 ). Claparède (1868: 541) proposed Telamone with 2 antennae and 6 pairs of tentacular cirri, by overlooking two of the smaller, often dehiscent pairs, to include only H. sicula delle Chiaje, 1830, its type species. Because these two genera were proposed after an incorrect diagnosis but referred to the same body pattern, Fallacia and Telamone are junior synonyms of Hesione , as indicated elsewhere ( Fauvel 1911: 374, Chamberlin 1919: 186, Pleijel 1998: 107).

Hesione includes 23 species.Twelve species are redescribed, restricted or reinstated: H. ceylonica Grube, 1874 , H. eugeniae Kinberg, 1866 , H. genetta Grube, 1867 , H. intertexta Grube, 1878 , H. pacifica McIntosh, 1885 , H. panamena Chamberlin, 1919 , H. pantherina Risso, 1826 , H. picta Müller, 1858 (incl. H. proctochona Schmarda, 1861 and H. vittigera Ehlers, 1887 ), H. praetexta Ehlers, 1887 , H. sicula delle Chiaje, 1830 (incl. H. steenstrupi de Quatrefages, 1866 ), and H. splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (incl. H. ehlersi Gravier, 1900 ); H. reticulata von Marenzeller, 1879 has been recently redefined ( Jimi et al. 2017). On the other hand, 11 species are newly described: H. beneliahuae n. sp. from La Réunion, H. fitzhughi n. sp. from Australia, H. harrisae n. sp. from Puerto Rico, H. hartmanae n. sp. from the Galápagos Islands, H. helenensis n. sp. from Saint Helena Island, H. horsti n. sp. from Indonesia, H. keablei n. sp. from Australia, H. mooreae n. sp. from Saudi Arabia, H. osbornae n. sp. from The Philippines, H. paulayi n. sp. from Papua New Guinea, and H. uchidai n. sp. from The Philippines.

Two other species are nomina nuda: H. festiva Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 and H. de Savigny (sic) Costa, 1841. The diagnosis for the former was repeated by Audouin & Milne- Edwards (1833: 235), but it is rather incomplete. Savigny (1822: 49) indicated it referred to a species discovered by Risso, but without providing enough detail to conserve this specific combination, and this was probably the same species that was later described as H. pantherina by Risso himself ( Risso 1826). For H. ‘de Savigny’, described by Costa (1841: 268-269, pl. 11, fig. 2), and compiled by de Quatrefages (1866: 111), Pleijel (1998: 158) correctly regarded this binomen as a nomen nudum. The reasons for this is that the publication by Costa (1841) did not comply with the article 11 of the Code ( ICZN 1999: 11.3 Derivation, 11.4 Consistent use of binominal nomenclature, 11.9 Species group names). On the other hand, Marion & Bobretzky (1875: 47) regarded it as a junior synonym of H. sicula delle Chiaje, 1830, and because of the proximity to H. sicula type locality, this conclusion might be correct.