Eucosia cordata (Lindley) Hsu

Suetsugu, Kenji & Hsu, Tian Chuan, 2021, Taxonomic notes on the genus Eucosia (Orchidaceae) in Japan and Taiwan, Phytotaxa 520 (2), pp. 215-224 : 218-220

Eucosia cordata (Lindley) Hsu in Hsu & Chung (2016: 33). Figs 1 (E–H) & 4.

≡ Georchis cordata Lindley (1840: 496) ; Goodyera cordata (Lindley) Nicholson (1885: 81) ; Orchiodes cordatum (Lindley) Kuntze (1891: 675) ; Epipactis cordata (Lindley) Eaton (1908: 64) , nom. illeg. Type:— SRI LANKA. “Zeylona”, J. Macrae s.n. (holotype: K000364601!).

= Goodyera ogatae Yamamoto (1927: 9) , [as “Ogatai”]; Goodyera viridiflora var. ogatae (Yamamoto) Liu & Su (1978: 1016) , [as “ogatai”], syn. nov. Type:— TAIWAN. Taipei: Sozan, 1925, M. Ogata s.n. (holotype: TI00082034!).

= Goodyera subuniflora Ohwi (1937: 47) , syn. nov. Type:— JAPAN. Okinawa: Okinawa Island, Guiku , Y. Taira s.n. (holotype: KYO00092541 !) .

Morphological descriptions and illustrations: —See Hooker (1894: pl. 2187), as Goodyera cordata ; Maekawa (1971: 272; pl. 99), as Goodyera ogatae ; Seidenfaden (1978: 20; f. 6), Leou (2000: 912; photo 121), Averyanov (2008: 124; f. 33, s; f. 36, i), Chen et al. (2009: 49; f. 64, 1–4), Barretto et al. (2011: 118; f. 93–96), Nakajima (2012: 123; pl. 29-16), Kumar & Rao (2015: 4; f. 1), Yokota (2016: 238), Bhattacharjee & Chowdhery (2018: 84; pl. 22) and Lin (2019: 162; f. 66-1), all as Goodyera viridiflora ; Hsu & Chung (2016: 33).

Distribution: —This species is currently known from China, India, Japan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.

Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Fujian: Jiangle, Longxishan, 18 September 1991, Anonymous collectors (“ Ȉƌ山#察ľ ”) 2311 ( PE); Longxishan, 26 September 1991, Anonymous collectors (“ Ȉƌ山#察ľ ”) 2817 ( PE) . Guangxi: Ziyuan, Maoershan , 20 September 2016, Anonymous collectors (“ kã县ǎ查ľ ”) 450329160920012 LY ( IBK) . Jiangxi: Pingxiang, Anonymous collectors (“ 江ƌľ ”) 3003 ( PE) . Yunnan: Malipo, Laojunshan Natural Reserve, 7 July 2009, Jin et al. YN-ET 995 ( PE); Tengchong , 4 September 2007, Jin 9218 ( PE) . INDIA. Meghalaya: Khasiya, 1844, Griffith s.n. ( K); Khasia, Hooker & Thomson 344 ( K) . JAPAN. Kagoshima: Kuroshima Island, Ohkawa , 23 September 1981, K Maruno s.n. ( KAG), Nakanoshima Island , 21 August 1958, S . Sako & K . Kawanabe 1935 ( KAG), Tanegashima Island, Minamitane-cho , 23 September 1997, K . Maruno s.n. ( KAG), Uchinoura-cho, Ohura , 25 August 1965, S . Sako 5695 ( KAG, KYO), Yakushima Island , 10 October 1962, K . Komura s.n. ( KYO), Yakushima Island , 23 August 1926, G . Masamune s.n. ( TI), Yakushima Island, along Nagata River , 30 July 1969, Hatusima & Sako 31849 ( KAG), Yakushima Island , along Nagata River , 29 September 2006, S . Tagane & K . Fuse TF001 ( TNS), Yakushima Island, Anbo , October 1989, J . Haginiwa JH040561 ( TNS), Yakushima Island, Mocchomudake , 13 October 1989, J . Haginiwa JH021209 ( TNS), Yakushima Island, Kurio , 13 October 1953, Ohwi & Okamoto s.n. ( TNS), Yakushima Island , Miyanoura , 19 September 1961 S . Sako s.n. ( KAG), Yakushima Island , between Onoaida and Hananoego, 5 November 1965, S . Sako 5786 ( KAG), Yakushima Island, Onoaida , along Suzu river , 29 August 1963, T . Yamazaki ( TI), Yakushima Island, Hanayama , 24-27 September 1967, S . Sako 6869 ( KAG), Yakushima Island, Hirauchi , 10 October 1986, Hatusima 41625 ( KAG), Yakushima Island , near Segiri , 9 December 1967, S . Sako 7001 ( KAG) . Miyazaki: Yamanokuchi, Awoidake , 13 October 1935, K . Yoshie s.n. ( TI) . Okinawa: Ishigaki Island, Omotodake , 5 November 1977, G . Ikeda 4437 ( KAG) , Okinawa Island, Yohanadake , November 1931, S . Sonohara s.n., ( KYO) , Okinawa Island, Kunigami, Iji , 19 December 2020, Y . Miyazato KS810 ( KYO) , Okinawa Island, Yohanadake , 28 October 1970, C . Chuma s.n., ( TI) , Okinawa Island, Kushidake , 17 January 1940, T . Kinjo 2096, ( TNS). Iriomote Island, 29 November 2002, Chung 6103 ( TAIF), Iriomote Island , eastern part, 8 October 1984, Y . Hanei s.n. ( TNS), Iriomote Island, along Nakara River , 13 October 1940, Y . Kimura & I . Furusawa s.n. ( TI) . TAIWAN. Hsinchu: Mt. Hsiakelo, 10 September 2011, Chung 10455 ( TAIF); Ssumakussu Ancient Trail, 10 September 2011, Hsu 4615 ( TAIF). Ilan: Mt. Poyao , 15 October 2003, Chung 6745 ( TAIF) . Miaoli: Nanchuang , 16 July 1975, Lin 219 ( TAIF) . Nantou: Huesuen, 1 August 1973, Lin 180 ( TAIF); Shueishetashan , 9 December 2005, Chung 8268 ( TAIF) . New Taipei: Sanhsia, Masanune 4030 ( TAI); Mt. Tatao , 7 September 2005, Chung 8304 ( TAIF); 6 September 2006, Hsu 571 ( TAIF); 11 September 2011, Lu 22873 ( TAIF) . Pingtung: Lanjen Stream , 17 October 2005, Hsu 357 ( TAIF) . Taichung: Tahsuehshan , 23 August 1973, Lin 53 ( TAIF) . VIETNAM. Lam Dong: Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Cong Troi Station, 24 September 2018, Hsu 10963 ( SGN, TAIF, TNM); Cong Troi Station , 30 January 2020, Hsu 12391 ( SGN, TAIF) .

Taxonomic remarks: —Following Hsu & Chung (2016), we reinstate Eucosia cordata because it is readily separable from E. viridiflora (Blume) M.G. Pace , described from Java (syntypes: L, possibly missing; P 00137122!), in both vegetative and floral characteristics. The leaves of E. cordata are generally ovate to ovate-lanceolate with shorter (ca. 1–2 cm) stipes, subtruncate to subcordate bases and greyish green background color; yet the leaves of E. viridiflora are generally ovate- elliptic to elliptic with longer (ca. 2–4 cm) stipes, rounded bases and green coloration. In addition, E. cordata typically has fewer (1–5(–8) vs. (3–)5–10 flowers per inflorescence) but larger (i.e. sepals 12–15 vs. 9–12 mm long) flowers comparing to E. viridiflora . The morphology of column also serves as the key characteristic to diagnose these two species, especially from herbarium specimens. E. cordata has a distinctly longer column (10–12 mm including rostellum) with a notched or cleft stigma rim ( Fig. 1 , G & H), while E. viridiflora has a shorter (7–8 mm) column with a subentire stigma rim ( Fig. 1 , O & P). Our current specimen and literature studies revealed that E. cordata occurs from Indian subcontinent through Mainland SE Asia toward E Asia, and the distribution of true E. viridiflora seemingly restricted to Maritime SE Asia and the Pacific Islands. However, detailed regional studies are still critically necessary to clarify the exact native range of both species. Nevertheless, here we could at least confirm that E. viridiflora should be excluded from the Floras of Taiwan and Japan, where previous records of Goodyera viridiflora are exclusively misidentifications of Eucosia carnea , E. cordata and E. longirostrata .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Morphological comparison of Eucosia species.A–D. E. carnea; A–C from Taiwan (Hsu 8166, TAIF); D from Japan (H. Ueno 364, KAG). E–H. E. cordata; E–G from Taiwan (Hsu 4615, TAIF); H from Vietnam (Hsu 12391, TAIF). I–L. E. longirostrata; I–K from Taiwan (Hsu 4262, TAIF); L from China (Hsu 6525, TAIF). M–P. E. viridiflora; M–O. from the Philippines (Hsu 6994, TAIF); P. from the Solomon Islands (Hsu et al. SITW01587, TNM). Scale bars = 1 cm.