Xiphostylus simplus Yeh, 1987

Cifer, Tim, Goričan, Špela, Gawlick, Hans-Jürgen & Auer, Matthias, 2020, Pliensbachian, Early Jurassic radiolarians from Mount Rettenstein in the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65 (1), pp. 167-207 : 176

Xiphostylus simplus Yeh, 1987

Fig. 8W–X.

1987 Xiphostylus simplus sp. nov.; Yeh 1987: 52, pl. 10: 7; pl. 22: 4.

1987 Xiphostylus sp. A ; Yeh 1987: 53, pl. 3: 15; pl. 10: 10.

1987 Xiphostylus sp. B ; Yeh 1987: 53, pl. 26: 7, 11.

1987 Xiphosphaera spp. ; Hattori 1987: pl. 22: 9–14, not 15.

1989 Xiphostylus sp. ; Hattori and Sakamoto 1989: pl. 1: K.

1989 Xiphostylus spp. ; Hattori 1989: pl. 4: B, C, D.

1990 Xiphostylus sp. ; Nagai 1990: pl. 5: 5.

1997 Xiphostylus simplus Yeh, 1987 ; Yao 1997: pl. 1: 15.

1997 Xiphostylus sp. P2; Yao 1997: pl. 1: 16.

2003 Xiphostylus spp. ; Goričan et al. 2003: 291, pl. 1: 1.

2006 Xiphostylus simplus Yeh, 1987 ; Goričan et al. 2006: 406, pl. XTL01: 1–3.

Material.— Sample Rö37: stubs Rö37_2 (three specimens), Rö37_3 (four specimens), Rö37_4 (one specimen); sample Rö97: stub Rö97_2 (one specimen), Mount Rettenstein , Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, Lower Pliensbachian .

Remarks.— Xiphostylus simplus was originally defined as having one extremely short polar spine ( Yeh 1987). Later, species with both spines strong and relatively long were also included ( Goričan et al. 2006). All our specimens have two long spines; in some specimens they are slightly torsioned ( Fig. 8W).

Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Lower Pliensbachian (this study), Upper Pliensbachian to Aalenian ( Carter et al. 2010). Worldwide.