Protoperidinium pyriforme (Paulsen) Balech 1974

Krakhmalnyi, Aleksandr F., Krakhmalnyi, Maxim A., Terenko, Galyna V. & Goncharenko, Igor V., 2023, Dominant Species Of The Genus Protoperidinium Bergh (Peridiniales: Protoperidiniaceae) In The Black Sea, Zootaxa 5339 (5), pp. 427-448 : 441

Protoperidinium pyriforme (Paulsen) Balech 1974 . Hydrobiolog. 4 (1): 63. ( Figs. 56–57 ).

References: Lebour 1925: 126, Fig. 38 ; Schiller 1937: 194, Fig. 191 a–n; Kiselew 1950: 183, Fig. a–b, 309 a–b; Wood 1968: 107, Fig. 322 (as Peridinium pyriforme ); Balech 1988: 93, Lam. 31, Figs. 16–19 ; Dodge 1982: 198, Fig. 23 F, G ; Konovalova & Selina 2010: 150, Table XX, 7 a–g; Krakhmalnyi 2011: 206, Table 89, 1–13.

Basionym: Peridinium steinii var. pyriformis Paulsen 1905 . Medd. Hav. Kbhvn. Ser. Plankton 1 (3): 1–21, D, Figs. c, d, e.

Description: Cells pyriform, oval in cross section. The epitheca with a short apical protrusion. The epithecal plate pattern comprises seven precingular plates (7ʹʹ), four apical plates (4ʹ), three anterior intercalary plates (3a), 1ʹ plate – “meta”, 2a – “penta”. The cingulum median, slightly ascending, bordered. The sulcus straight, broad, shallow, reaches the antapex. Thecal plates finely reticulated. The hypotheca hemispherical, with two small closely spaced antapical spines. Dimensions: 33.0–66.0 μm long and 32.0–60.0 μm wide.

Distribution: Atlantic, Pacific and possibly Indian Oceans; Greenland Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Black Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan ( Krakhmalnyi 2011). Data on the distribution of P. pyriforme are given from the GBIF.org (2022) ( Fig. 94 ).

Figures

FIGURES 47–58. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 47–52—P. pellucidum; 53–54—P. subinerme; 55—P. solidicorne; 56– 57—P. pyriforme; 58—P. pentagonum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. Hypothecal pore in plate 1ʹʹʹ is marked with an arrow (47, 50). 47–49—DIC; 50–52, 56–58—epifluorescence; 53–55—transmitted light. Scale bars: 47–54 = 10 µm; 55–58 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 35–46. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 35–43—P. pallidum; 44–46—P. leonis. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. Hypothecal pore in plate 1ʹʹʹ is marked with an arrow (35, 36, 38). 38–40—DIC; 35–37, 45—epifluorescence; 41–43—FE-SEM; 44, 46—transmitted light. Scale bars: 20 µm.

FIGURES 11–22. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 11–12—P. bipes; 14–15—P. brochii; 13, 16—P. crassipes; 17–19—P. claudicans; 20–22—P. depressum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 11, 13, 15–16—DIC; 12, 14, 18–19, 22—epifluorescence; 17, 20–21—transmitted light. Scale bars: 11–12, 14–15 = 10 µm; 13, 16–22 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 23–34. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 23–31—P. divergens; 32—P. conicum; 33—P. knipowitschii; 34—P. granii. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 24, 34—DIC; 25–28—epifluorescence; 29–31—FE- SEM; 23, 32–33—transmitted light. Scale bars: 20 µm.

FIGURES 86–94. Global distribution maps of some Protoperidinium species. 86—P. excentricum; 87—P. granii; 88—P. knipowitschii (Krakhmalnyi, 2011); 89—P. leonis; 90—P. mediterraneum; 91—P. pallidum; 92—P. pellucidum; 93—P. pentagonum; 94—P. pyriforme.